近代浔商迅速崛起的原因探析

近代浔商的迅速崛起,有其深远的历史原因和特殊的社会背景.浔商产生于著名的湖丝主产地,他们利用近代上海开埠的商业契机,以经营湖丝出口外销致富后,及时调整投资方向,经营多种行业以规避商业风险.他们注重打造产品品牌,做好产品宣传,获得良好的经济效益,从而形成一个实力雄厚的区域经济集团.     

The world-systems perspective and archaeology: Forward into the past

This article reviews previous attempts to extend world-system theory from the modern era to prehistoric and archaeological settings. It summarizes major debates among scholars from several disciplines who are comparing the modern world-system with earlier world-systems. Special attention centers on the problems of conceptualizing world-systems, the spatial bounding of world-systems, and understandings of systemic logics.     

西夏立国长久原因探析

西夏是中国西北历史上一个重要的民族政权,其势力范围,经济、军事实力等都远逊于宋、辽、金,却能立国长达190年之久。究其原因,有宋朝国策的失误,也有辽、金等国的支持,而主要的内在原因则是党项民族俗尚武力,统帅人才杰出,军事形势优越以及农牧业生产基础好,养兵不用禄食。历史经验说明,在民族政权的相互较量中,积极进取的政治勇气和智慧,优化的资源整合和有利的外部环境,可以弥补诸多不利因素,取得以小御大、以弱敌强的政治军事效果。     

The admission of former slaves into churches and monasteries: reaching behind the sources

Religious institutions in early medieval Europe were both recipients of former slaves and instigators of manumissions. By drawing on recent work concerning the admission of former slaves into churches and monasteries, the present paper identifies dominant strands in the historiography from Marc Bloch to the present, which are then re-evaluated in light of a close examination of core sources. The paper argues that while the contention that such institutions were the primary beneficiaries of manumissions can indeed be sustained, there are also important moderating nuances to take into account. These include slaves of churches who were freed but continued to live on the churches' lands; alternatives to ‘formal' manumission; distinctions between churches and monasteries in regard to the admission of former slaves; convergences between Roman law and canon law; and, in the sixth century, the direct involvement of both the papacy and the imperial court in establishing a regulating template for admitting former slaves.     

藏传佛教复兴的社会原因初探

藏传佛教是印度佛教传人我国藏区后与藏族原有的苯教长期斗争、互相融合后形成的。藏传佛教发端于公元8世纪,到9世纪中叶,朗达玛赞普灭佛兴苯,藏传佛教的传播和发展走入一个低谷。10世纪后期,由于各种社会原因。藏传佛教又开始在藏区复兴。11世纪中叶开始,藏传佛教各教派开始出现,到15世纪中叶才全部形成。藏传佛教发展到后期可谓教派林立,主要有宁玛派、萨迦派、噶举派、格鲁派等教派。     

Flights into the past: full-waveform airborne laser scanning data for archaeological investigation

Airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is a quite recent (mid-1990s) remote sensing technique used to measure terrain elevation. Recent studies have examined the possibility of using LiDAR in archaeological investigations to map and characterize earthworks, to capture features that may be indistinguishable on the ground and to aid the planning of archaeological excavation campaigns.     

Views into the Fragments: An Approach from a Microhistorical Perspective

The approach I call the “singularization of history,” which I have been developing in recent years within the methodological structure of microhistory, is the main subject of this article. It has the precise aim of defining the ways in which scholars can use sources to enter into the past in as detailed and varied a way as possible without becoming trapped within the received channels of the grand narratives. I will make an attempt to demonstrate what the Icelandic School of Microhistory (ISM) is all about and its connection to the scribal culture in the country, as well as the importance of ego-documents for microhistorical analysis. The central element in the analysis of this paper will be the sources themselves—their creation, their context within the events they describe, the opportunities they present for analysis, and in what kind of academic context they have become a subject for enquiry.     

An ethnographic exploration of food and the city

This article describes an ethnographic exploration of the food system that feeds the majority of the over 4.6 million residents of the fast‐growing city of Dar es Salaam, along with the key findings of this research. Such a study is important in the context of an increasingly unsustainable corporate food system that many in more affluent countries are beginning to assume is essential for feeding the world's growing and urbanizing population. Following key foods from urban eaters back to primary producers reveals a symbiotic food system made up of a multiplicity of small‐scale actors who together deliver on a city‐wide scale.     

桐城派研究百年回顾

本文将百年来的桐城派研究分为20世纪前20年、20至60年代、改革开放新时期三个发展阶段,并进行了较为全面的回顾与考察,同时对香港、台湾地区以及国外的桐城派研究状况也作了简要介绍.     

An Undiscovered Victorian Institution of Care: A Short Introduction to the Cumberland and Westmorland Joint Lunatic Asylum

Interest surrounding the Victorian county asylum network and its treatment of mental illness has been, and still remains, somewhat substantial. This article will add to, and expand, the existing literature by redressing the geographical imbalance of previous institutional research. Asylum histories have centred upon establishments in prominent towns and cities, and on those with an importance to the evolution of the psychiatry profession, for example the York Retreat. Apart from the examinations of Lancashire and Yorkshire asylums, little exists in the far North of England. This article will specifically use the records of the Cumberland and Westmorland Joint Lunatic Asylum to show the experience of pauper patients from a rural, Northern locality. Particular attention will be paid to the circulation of patients in and out of the asylum to build a comprehensive picture of the nineteenth-century transferral of care. To fully understand the treatment of mental health in this period, one cannot solely look at the asylum, as it formed only one part of a whole system of care.