唐代异军突起的黄冶窑唐三彩艺术

我国对唐三彩制品的认识和研究,大约始于清末民初,并开始称之为“唐三彩”,以有别于其它单色釉彩陶瓷。关于唐三彩制品的录以及为各地博物馆收藏、展出则可能时间更晚些。建国后,随着新中国物考古事业的飞速发展,发现的唐三彩制晶逐渐增多。主要出自豫、陕两省唐代墓葬中。     

The ethnoarchaeology of pottery production

Reina, Ruben E. and Robert Hill. The Traditional Pottery of Guatemala. Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1978. 323 pp. 419 figures, 10 maps, 3 tables, 10 color plates. $35.

Lackey, Louana M. The Pottery of Acatlán: A Changing Mexican Tradition. Norman: The University of Oklahoma Press, 1982. 164 pp. 18 color plates, 68 black and white photographs, 3 maps. $19.95.     

北魏陶器的装饰纹样

瓷器大量出现以前,陶器在古代人民生活中占有重要地位,是人们日常生活中不可缺少的用具。本文所说的陶器仅指生活用具中的器皿,不包括陶俑及模型。陶器皿的造型及装饰反映了其生活时代的     

汉代铅釉陶发展综述

铅釉陶是我国陶瓷发展史上一项重要成果。自西汉早期出现于关中地区,依托于制陶工艺的进步和对铅釉的认识逐步成熟起来,开始数量和种类都很少,西汉中期以后获得了很大发展,尽管仍比较集中于陕西和河南,但分布已经扩展到广大北方和部分南方地区,还出现了一定数量的复色釉。虽然铅釉陶的数量不多,但其种类和反映的形象却非常丰富,是研究当时物质文化的重要资料。由于所含金属的不同。铅釉陶釉色呈现出棕黄、深绿两大面貌。绿釉开始并不流行,东汉则成为主流。铅釉的使用打破了当时彩绘为主的装饰局面,又影响了后代三彩等低温釉的发展。     

The role of interdisciplinary science in the study of ancient pottery

Abstract

In the context of the modern world, the term ceramics suggests a very versatile group of materials capable of being designed to have particular physical and chemical properties and to fulfil a wide range of functions, functions that traditionally have often been fulfilled by other types of material.¹ While suitably designed ceramics may hold the key to overcoming many of humankind's future technological problems, it is interesting to reflect on how much ceramics can also tell us about our past. Future technological innovations in ceramics will influence and be influenced by wider aspects of human culture; so too it may be expected that there was a similar relationship between ancient ceramics and the past societies that made them. In archaeology, ceramics hold an important and varied role as a key to understanding many aspects of the development of human civilisations. This paper aims to explore some of the ways in which ceramics have been studied by archaeologists, and to illustrate some of the many contributions interdisciplinary science has made to the study of ancient pottery.     

The influence of different tempers on the composition of pottery

The modification of the raw clay by the potter to produce a paste suitable for the intended purposes adds a layer of obfuscation to the problem of provenancing the original clay source by chemical fingerprinting. By preparing different pastes from the same commercially available raw clay and their chemical analysis by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis, an experiment under controlled conditions (tempers, mixing ratios, firing temperatures and sampling methods) sheds light on the influence of different tempers.     

The significance of pottery in Zambian Later Stone Age contexts

Archaeological investigations in the Lunsemfwa Drainage Basin of Zambia have yielded evidence that necessitates modification of current views about the nature of culture contact between hunter-gatherers and agriculturalists. Hypotheses of barter, theft or some kind of exchange network between the two communities are not supported. It is suggested that stone-tool-using foragers collected pottery from abandoned village sites and transported these back to their base camps. This hypothesis recognizes the significance of resource availability and of patterns of exploitation and settlement. Lack of regular contact during the period of co-existence was largely due to the environmental diversity of the region: the two populations occupied and utilized different areas and did not compete for the same resources.

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Résumé Des recherches archéologiques dans le bassin du Lunsemfwa en Zambie ont fourni des indices qui nous obligent à modifier nos idées actuelles au sujet de la nature du contact culturel entre les chasseurs-cueilleurs et les agriculteurs. Les hypothèses de troc, de vol ou d'un réseau quelconque d'échanges entre les deux communautés ne sont pas soutenues. L'auteur suggère que les chasseurs-ceuilleurs qui utilisaient des outils lithiques ont ramassé de la céramique dans des villages abandonnés et l'ont rapportée à leurs camps de base. Cette hypothèse reconnaît l'importance de la disponibilité des ressources, et celle des systèmes d'exploitation et d'habitation. L'absence de contacts réguliers pendant la période de co-existence était due surtout à la diversité de l'environnement de la région; les deux populations ont occupé et utilisé des zones différentes et ne se sont pas fait concurrence pour les mêmes ressources.

     

山东史前时期的陶塑艺术

陶塑艺术的产生与发展有着悠久的历史,在山东地区,生活在这里的先民们通过世世代代的劳动,不仅发明了陶器,同时也创作出一些优美的陶塑艺术作品。据考古资料介绍,在距今大约8000多年以前的后李文化遗址中就有许多陶塑艺术品的发现,这些陶塑艺术品不仅形体较小,且造型简单,制作粗     

陕西宝鸡代家湾出土东汉陶器

近日,宝鸡市代家湾团结砖厂出土了一批东汉时期文物,较完好的有陶器36件,铜器4件。陶器中有陶仓5件,陶罐20件,陶豆3件,陶灶1件,方壶1件,圆壶4件。陶甗1件,陶簋1件。铜器中有铜灶(带釜甑)1套,铜鼎3件,现将出土的文物介绍如下。     

Physical study of the Cucuteni pottery technology

Most of our knowledge concerning the Cucuteni pottery is based on traditional archaeological methods (typology, style and context analysis) and only a few interdisciplinary studies have been published. As there is a strong interest in revealing the basic pottery technology used by the Cucuteni communities we have investigated a significant number of pottery samples from 22 archaeological sites located in Eastern Romania by several physical analysis techniques: X-ray diffraction (XRD) and by magnetic measurements, including a first-order reversal curve (FORC) diagram study on the samples showing a hysteretic behavior. The main results presented in this study are discussed and compared with actual knowledge on the ancient Cucuteni pottery.     

英国离婚法的演变

英国离婚法经历了三个发展阶段 :第一阶段 ,婚姻由教会控制 ,离婚在教义上是不准许的 ,它只是特权阶级的又一特权 ;第二阶段 ,离婚作为一种民事权利被转到民事法庭 ,当婚姻中存在过错时可以诉诸离婚 ;第三阶段 ,离婚成为个人的一种自由选择。在这个发展进程中 ,离婚法中宗教的因素不断弱化 ;对离婚原则的界定从过错主义转向了破裂主义 ;从对男女实行双重道德标准逐步实现男女平等。这一进程是英国社会、经济、政治和文化变化发展的结果。     

The Kenneth J. Barton collection of vernacular pottery

Abstract

Kenneth Barton's large collection of everyday post-medieval European ceramics has recently been donated to Somerset County Museums. The Note describes the character of the collection, the intentions behind its formation, its potential for research, and access to the collection.     

山西浑源窑的考古成就

浑源窑位于山西省大同市浑源县城以南约8公里处,地域上从大瓷窑、青瓷窑、界庄到古瓷窑,绵延约5公里,时间上从唐代到元代一直烧造瓷器,是山西省境内历史悠久、规模较大的一处古瓷窑址。50年代以来,先后有国内外许多古陶瓷专家不断到浑源密考察,并取得丰硕成果[1],但由于当时条件所限,始终没有弄清楚浑源古瓷窑的历史全貌,没有揭开它古老而神秘的面纱。1997年,山西省考古研究所重新对浑源窑进行调查并发掘,证明浑源赛从唐代到元代一直烧造,其中古瓷窑和介庄大水床属于唐代窑址,青瓷窑属于金代到元初窑址,大瓷窑属于元代窑址。1…     

The defence dilemma in Britain

The UK faces a pressing defence dilemma. The declaratory goals of defence policy are struggling to match the demands made by operational commitments and the financial and organizational capacities. The article examines how and why this situation has come about. While recognizing that existing calls for higher defence spending, reform of the Ministry of Defence, efficiency gains or a renewal of the so‐called military covenant between the military and society may address discrete elements of the defence dilemma in Britain, it argues that current problems derive from a series of deeper tensions in the nexus of British defence more widely defined. These include a transnationalization of strategic practice, in ways that both shape and constrain the national defence policy process; the institutional politics of defence itself, which encourage different interpretations of interest and priority in the wider strategic context; and finally the changing status of defence in the wider polity, which introduces powerful veto points into the defence policy process itself. It argues that while a series of shocks may have destabilized existing policy, prompted ad hoc organizational adaptation in the armed forces and led to incremental cost saving measures from the government, a ‘dominant crisis narrative’—in the form of a distinctive and generally agreed programme of change—has yet to emerge. The article concludes by looking forward to a future strategic defence review, highlighting the critical path dependencies and veto points which must be addressed if transformative change in British defence is to take place.     

铜川耀州窑博物馆

从西安沿西铜高速公路北行,经三原,过耀县,在古镇黄堡南侧的漆水河畔,有一座雄伟的现代建筑,簇拥在一片碧树绿草之中,这就是我国目前规模最大的陶瓷博物馆——耀州窑博物馆。     

浅析辽西地区史前时代的陶窑

辽西地区迄今已报道的史前时代考古文化中,陶窑的发现仅在内蒙古敖汉旗小河沿乡四棱山遗址有所发现1,共6座陶窑,属于红山文化.其它考古学文化尚未见有陶窑发现的资料报道.2005年夏,吉林大学边疆考古研究中心为配合内蒙古赤峰市三座店水利枢纽工程的建设,在松山区初头朗乡上机房营子遗址进行考古发掘时,揭露了2座红山文化和1座夏家店下层文化陶窑7.这些重要的考古发现,为研究辽西地区新石器至青铜时代考古文化陶窑的形成与发展具有十分重要的意义.     

On the dissolution of pottery for diatom studies

This paper deals with a study of the pictographs at Trontveit, Nissedal parish, County of Telemark, by scientific methods. The observations lead to the conclusion that the pictographs were not painted.