西方人口史研究新进展述评

20世纪中叶以来 ,西方在人口史研究方面取得了巨大进展 ,还采用了新的研究方法。这些成果不仅提供了对近代人口普查前的各国人口数量和结构等基本状况的描述 ,而且增进了历史学对一些重大问题的理论探讨 ,拓宽了历史学的视野和领域。     

《萨摩亚人的成年》

本书是美国20世纪20年代畅销的人类学著作之一,被称作心理人类学的奠基之作,并为玛格丽特.米德赢得了公众声望与学术认同。作者米德基于对生活在萨摩亚青春期少女的调查结果,得出现代社会(以美国为例)与原始社会(以萨摩亚为例)的不同文化差异是导致两地青春期青少年不同适应效果的原因。     

多维视野中的"革命"--西方"革命学"研究历程评介

20世纪的西方学术在融合和分化的大背景下,特别是在西方现实需要的强大推动下,兴起了众多交叉学科和研究领域。如“现代化”理论一样,“革命”也是西方学者多角度、多层面地加以探讨的活跃领域之一。西方学者真正以比较客观、公正的态度研究“革命”是自俄国十月革命之后,迄今为止大致经历自然史阶段、一般理论、结构—功能理论和行为主义革命理论等四个阶段。其研究方法和取向各不相同,反映了西方“革命”研究的多维视野。     

中国近代史分期与基本线索论战述评

中国近代史分期和基本线索问题是中国近代史上重要的理论问题之一。对其探索有益于对中国近代史发展流脉及历史特征的认识和解读,也有助于学科建设和教学工作的深入开展。20世纪五六十年代和八九十年代出现过两次对这一问题的研究和论辩,推动了中国近代史理论的建设。本文是对这两次探索和论辨基本情况的梳理和评述,其主旨在于捋清半个世纪以来学术界对这一问题的探索历程,并为新世纪深入研究这个理论问题提供基本的学术史背景。     

歌与唱:民间文学的文本分层与意义间隔——以湘南瑶族的"冈介"活动为例

国内自20世纪80年代以来,民间文学与民俗学、民族学以及人类学等学科呈现出一定程度的整合态势,民族志研究方法成为民间文学研究的基本方法,特别是近几年,随着帕里-洛德的口头程式理论、鲍曼的表演理论等西方学术范式的普遍接受,民间文学的文本观念事实上已经发生了根本性的转变。传统意义上的文本即文     

移民史研究中的跨国主义理论

跨国主义（transnationalism）是20世纪90年代以来西方学术界的一种研究理论，主要用来研究全球化背景下移民超越民族国家疆界的政治、经济、文化等活动。自20世纪90年代初期席勒等人在移民研究领域中创立跨国主义理论以来，这一理论备受关注。本文勾勒出这一理论从兴起到不断修正和逐步完善的发展路径，对跨国主义现象的界定、兴起条件和原因，跨国实践对移民及其母国和居住国的影响等进行系统评述，并对未来的有关研究提出几点建议。     

"产业区"研究的主要学派与整合框架:学习型产业区的理论建构

20世纪70年代末期以来,“产业区”作为经济全球化背景下世界经济发展中最具有活力的区域而受到学术界的高度重视。伴随着研究的深入,相继形成了一些侧重点有所不同的理论学派,如弹性专业化学派、新的产业空闻学派、创新环境学派、产业集群学派、区域创新系统学派、第二级城市学派辱。本文重点阚释了各个学派的产生与发展过程、理论基础和主要观点,分析了各个学派的优点及其局限性,在此基础上探讨了通过学习型产业区的理论建构而对这些学派进行互补、整合的基本途径。     

跨越时代的“三农”对话——评王先明的《20世纪以来中国乡村发展论争的历史追索》

《20世纪以来中国乡村发展论争的历史追索》一书以长时段的历史研究方法和宏大的历史视野,首次系统地考察了20世纪以来中国乡村问题的百年学术论争,从纷繁复杂的史料中提炼出了不同时代各个学术流派、政治势力围绕乡村问题交锋的主题,梳理、总结了中国乡村发展理论论争的历史进程和走向,与当前的"新三农"问题、"新农村建设"问题形成了历史与现实的对话与映照,不仅对于了解20世纪以来中国乡村问题的争论主题有重要学术价值,同时对于当今的新农村建设,解决现实的"三农"问题等,也有直接参考价值;不仅是20世纪以来乡村学术思想史研究的上乘佳作,同时具有乡村问题工具书的性质。     

当代中国的口述史学理论研究

本文对20世纪80年代以来当代中国口述史学理论研究的发展进程作了初步划分,并从五个方面,即：一、口述史学的内涵和学科界定;二、口述史学的基本特征;三、口述史学的主体性与客观性关系及其科学性问题;四、口述史学的研究方法;五、口述史学的功能和价值,对当代中国口述史学理论研究的基本内容和主要观点进行了较为全面的介绍和评述。     

唯物史观与20世纪上半叶中国古代土地制度史研究

土地制度史是20世纪中国史学所提出的充满争议性的领域之一。本文以20世纪上半叶中国古代土地制度史研究的产生演变为线索,考察唯物史观基本理论和方法论与近代史学转型之关系。     

Ta‘isi O.F. Nelson and Sir Maui Pomare Samoans and Māori Reunited

ABSTRACT

This paper unearths the friendship between Samoan nationalist leader Ta‘isi Olaf Frederick Nelson and Māori politician Sir Maui Pomare during the early period of New Zealand's administration of Samoa. It examines the role this friendship played – especially as a line of communication between the Samoan protest movement or Mau, of which Nelson was a leader, and the highest echelons of the New Zealand government – in those years of fraught relations between Samoa and New Zealand. It also explores the significant historical connections that were made, or remade, through this friendship. The relationship between these two men brought Polynesian peoples together in new ways and also directly linked Parihaka, a 19th-century Māori community known for its non-violent resistance against European colonialism, with the later Samoan Mau.     

Being Bashed: Western Samoan women's responses to domestic violence in Western Samoa and New Zealand

Given the large impact that domestic violence has on many women's lives, it is surprising that research in this area has largely neglected the ways in which women respond to this problem in different cultural contexts. This article examines variations in Western Samoan women's responses to domestic violence in three different contexts, in rural and urban Western Samoa and in Christchurch, New Zealand. The authors find that processes relating to the individualisation of social relations, changes in women's economic independence, and political mechanisms that provide formal support for battered women go some way to explaining variations in women's responses to abuse in the three contexts. However, the findings rule out any simple link between context and responses to physical abuse and caution us against the naive hope that changes in a single variable will reduce women's vulnerability to violence.     

Repetition in the work of a Samoan Christian theologian: Or,what does it mean to speak of the Perfect Pig of God?

ABSTRACT

The Samoan Christian theologian Ama'amalele Tofaeono draws on diverse intellectual sources to articulate an ecological theology both distinctively Samoan and self-consciously Oceanic. I examine Tofaeono’s writings through the lens of recent work in linguistic anthropology on repetition and replication. By paying close attention to the ways texts and their original contexts, authorship, and intentions can be brought forward into new contexts, such anthropological work offers a useful perspective on Tofaeono’s theological arguments about creation and salvation. Tofaeono frames creation and salvation as actions that are necessarily ongoing—matters of repetition rather than rupture, a kind of continuity that depends not on fundamental durability but on repeated reengagement. An appreciation of Tofaeono’s articulation of time and repetition can in turn illuminate the anthropological study of social transformation and help develop productive interdisciplinary dialogue between anthropology and theology.     

Chiefs,Agitators and the Navy:

American Samoa was governed directly by the US navy from 1901 to 1951, using naval officers on short-term rotations, assisted by Samoan chiefs. Despite being benign and protectionist, the administration in 1920 was disturbed by a protest movement commonly known by the Samoan term mau. This coincided with criticisms from other quarters, including a mixed-race Samoan–Caucasian family, assisted by a California attorney, a mutinous naval officer, a Honolulu journalist and resident American traders. Previous assessments that foreigners agitated among the Samoans for their own ends were challenged by David Chappell, who transfers the initiative for the agitation to the Samoans and sees in the movement an expression of cultural rather than political nationalism. This revisionist interpretation fails to recognise the nature of the links between the foreign and indigenous elements and misreads the Samoan component. The latter was less concerned with grievances about naval rule than with the continuation of traditional rivalries between Samoan chiefs, which crystallised over access to navy patronage. Both Chappell's interpretation and the current one are post-colonialist in their endeavours to shift the focus onto Samoan cultural understandings but they differ in identifying the specific processes involved.     

Experimentation as infrastructure: Enacting transitions differently through diverse economy-environment assemblages in Aotearoa New Zealand

Radically new economic arrangements are needed for just and sustainable transitions to a more environmentally and ecologically resilient world. Yet little progress is being made to imagine the new economy-environment relations around which resources, actors, and ethics might be configured to enact the novel economic forms needed. This article uses a Social Studies of Economisation and Marketisation (SSEM) approach to examine a suite of differently scaled and structured environmentally focused economic development initiatives in New Zealand. We explore how the initiatives have assembled diverse actors and investment projects into experimental economy-environment relations. Our account highlights experimentation as a pivotal mode of economisation, and we argue that the initiatives studied by us expose a new experimentation-led agenda for transitioning to more environmentally and economically just futures. Working with the idea of experimentation in an SSEM framework, we also argue that the diverse initiatives are creating an experimentation infrastructure that provides a more generative platform for novel economy-environment relations than top–down models of change such as transition pathways. The article opens up a critical politics of environmental economy that focuses attention on emergence, agency, and practice and allows us to reimagine processes of transitioning.     

Harry Holland's ‘Samoan Complex’

ABSTRACT

‘Harry’ Holland, one of the early leaders of the parliamentary Labour Party in New Zealand, was an anomalous figure in early 20th-century New Zealand politics. In addition to a principled adoption of militant socialism, he stood apart from the rest of the House of Representatives due to his pronounced interest in Samoan affairs. This interest was so acute that one of his Labour colleagues, John A. Lee, remarked that he possessed a ‘Samoan complex’. This paper addresses the lack of critical attention paid to this facet of his career. Even though Holland's attitudes towards Samoa were sometimes couched in the same vocabulary as the coloniser, he always stood on the side of the colonised. His endorsement of Indigenous self-government was ahead of its time, and his campaigning played a key role in the Samoan struggle for independence. At a broader level, Holland was possibly the most significant of a cohort of colonial critics who questioned New Zealand's right to govern Pacific Islanders and who sought to rein in New Zealand's more overbearing Pacific Island administrations.     

All Things Depending: Renewing Interdependence in Oceania

ABSTRACT Despite the enormous efforts made to civilize the Hawaiian, the Maori, the Samoan, and Fijian, Islanders have not forgotten all of their stories and in fact many Pacific peoples are in a position to recover much of the knowledge that sustained communities for thousands of years. There is hope in what we have done to reclaim our heritages—finding our voices in our languages, stories, and songs, our perspectives in our arts and literatures, our muscle and will in our own political advocacy and pursuit of our rights in courts and international arenas. There is need, however, for a new vision that reunites human beings with all of their relations in the world, a vision necessary to sustain a very difficult struggle.     

Pneumonic Plagues,Environmental Changes,and the International Fur Trade: The Retreat of Tarbagan Marmots from Northwest Manchuria, 1900s-30s

Inspired by recent environmental historical studies on animal extinctions and human-animal relations, this paper shifts scholarly attention from the plague-centered narrative of the great Pneumonic Plague Epidemics (1910-11) to the fate of the plague host animals, Tarbagan marmots (Marmota sibirica), and examines their near-extinction in Northwest Manchuria (Hulunbuir) from the 1900s to 1930s. Focusing on changing images of Tarbagan marmots from “inexpensive,” “sacred,” and “beneficial” in the pre-modern period to “valuable,” “dangerous,” and “noxious” in the early twentieth century, it argues that three interrelated factors: the international fur trade, pneumonic plagues, and environment changes together resulted in the “retreat of the marmots.” It also uses this case study to help us better understand larger historical changes that occurred by contextualizing them in terms of human-marmot relations in Manchuria, China and beyond.     

荀子与《诗》学刍议

荀子是战国晚期儒家最杰出的代表人物,他对于“六经”的传承,有着卓越的贡献。自清代汪中肯定荀子于“六经”之贡献以来,有许多学者对荀子与《诗》学的关系,多持怀疑态度。自上世纪50年代以来,马王堆汉墓帛书、阜阳汉简郭店楚简等以及上海博物馆所藏楚简等地下出土文献的不断涌现,为我们研究荀子与《诗》学的关系提供了一些新的视角。我们由荀子与《诗》的传流,地下出土文献和传世文献中关于《诗》的称、引情况,《荀子》一书引《诗》、论《诗》的特点和影响三方面出发,可以知道荀子与《诗》学的传承有着密切的关系,他对《诗》学的传承是有着极其重要的贡献的。     

‘Your work is of no use to us…’: Administrative interests in ethnographic research (West New Guinea, 1950–1962)

Abstract

The extent of customary land in Samoa and the laws pertaining to its protection create a presumption of state dependence on the regulation of custom in effecting state policies within local contexts. The principal means of regulating custom in Samoa has been and continues to be through state court adjudication of conflicts over customary land and chiefly titles. The transitive nature of ‘custom’ and conceptions of ‘custom’ in Samoa created an opening for court influence in the construction of custom, if not custom's partial reinvention through the agency of the courts. This occurred principally through the courts’ privileging principles of English common law in confirming asserted land rights generally considered unenforceable at the time of Samoa's political partition. The courts re‐interpreted as customary, conceptions of land rights the colonial state's influence attempted to effect within Samoan society. But the source of the changes, and the courts’ role in promoting them, tended not to be equally reflected upon. To the extent such influence is ignored in analyses of Samoan land tenure and customary law, and reproduced within state policies and court adjudication of conflict, custom's social construction is left unexamined, assumed to be more general than it is, and likely to exacerbate tensions and conflict within Samoan society rather than reduce them.