Diffuse Authority in the Beedi Commodity Chain: Naxalite and State Governance in Tribal Telangana,India

Although the Naxalite (Maoist) influence in India stretches from the north of Bihar to the south of Andhra Pradesh, their impact on the political economy of the Indian countryside — and specifically the tribal livelihood economy — remains understudied. This article examines how resource access is mediated in areas where both the state and the Naxalites hold some degree of public authority, using as a case study the trade in tendu leaves, used to make beedi cigarettes. This low‐profile, lootable resource provides the single most important source of income both for the tribals in North Telangana (during the summer season), and for the Maoists. The article presents a commodity chain framework, adapted to the concerns of multiple public authorities, to throw light on the linkages both between tribal procurement and Naxalite taxation and between government and Naxalite authority. The author argues that in a situation of long‐term conflict, relatively stable joint extraction regimes can be organized, by which all parties can benefit from multiple authority over certain resources.     

抗战史学与民族精神——作为抗战文化的史学及其历史贡献

作为抗战文化的重要组成部分,抗战时期的中国史学受爱国主义、民族主义思潮的强烈影响,在培育国民的民族意识、弘扬民族抗战精神等方面为民族抗战事业做出了杰出贡献;尽管受到客观条件的限制,抗战史学依然取得很高的学术成就;当然由于治史目的存在一定的偏颇,其局限性也无庸讳言。     

History Is in the Land: Multivocal Tribal Traditions in Arizona's San Pedro Valley

The San Pedro Ethnohistory Project is a collaborative researchinitiative between the Center for Desert Archeology and fourIndian tribes whose ancestors lived along this ancient naturaltravel route (4). Realizing the substantial data about the SanPedro River Valley reflected few native voices, a team of archeologistsand anthropologists designed the project to include participationfrom four area tribes with ties to the area—the TohonoO’odham, Hopi, Zuni, and Western Apache. Each of the tribeshave "distinct oral traditions that provide an anthropologicalcontext for interpreting the history and archeology" of thevalley (6). The project included fieldwork     

书写和口传:论中国宗教的两种类型

基于对传统关于中国宗教类型划分观点的批判性解读,本文认为从教理授受角度看中国宗教经典宗教和民间宗教两大类,它们分别奠基于“书写”和“口传”这两种宗教理解和传播方式。文章的第一部分分析了学界关于中国宗教类型的五种划分,文章的第二、三部分阐述了“经典宗教”和“民间宗教”的具体意涵及它们之间的显著区别,章的第四部分探讨了经典宗教和民间宗教的相互交涉。     

构建中国特色、中国风格和中国气派的中国口述史学--关于口述史料与口述史学的若干问题

口述史料主要指经过口传或为后人记录成为史料的民间传说、社会歌谣、历史人物讲话、录音录像以及访问调查的原始资料,对这些资料的发掘和整理被称作口述史学.在西方,现代意义上的口述史学建立于20世纪30～40年代前后,与这些国家相比我国至今仍充其量只有一些口述史的实践,其发展受到多方面的限制.建议成立有关组织,召开研讨会,构建相关规范,制定相关规划,形成和发展中国特色、中国风格和中国气派的口述史学.     

Phenomenology and the Problems of Oral History

Abstract: In this article, the author argues that many of thebest practices of oral history reflect phenomenological thinkingeven though practitioners may not describe themselves as usingphenomenological methods. The author suggests that knowledgeand application of phenomenology can clarify or minimize suchpotential problems as interviewer bias and informant unreliabilityand can refute accusations that oral history is less reliablethan history taken from documents.     

移民史研究中的跨国主义理论

跨国主义（transnationalism）是20世纪90年代以来西方学术界的一种研究理论，主要用来研究全球化背景下移民超越民族国家疆界的政治、经济、文化等活动。自20世纪90年代初期席勒等人在移民研究领域中创立跨国主义理论以来，这一理论备受关注。本文勾勒出这一理论从兴起到不断修正和逐步完善的发展路径，对跨国主义现象的界定、兴起条件和原因，跨国实践对移民及其母国和居住国的影响等进行系统评述，并对未来的有关研究提出几点建议。