《释名》词语探源

《释名》有的词语,在其他典籍未见或罕见。本以考汪词义为宗旨,对该书部分词晤,系联其“声近义通”之词,从音义或意义上探其来源,继而训释其义。     

《毛诗音义》中"行"之"如字"音读考

《经典释文》音注是多层次多体系的,其“如字”音层次为常用音的常用义。考察《毛诗音义》中“行”之“如字”音读,是全面考索《经典释文》“如字”音的一次小实验。《毛诗音义》中“行”之“如字”音读为衡。     

《毛诗音义》中“行”之‘如字”音读考

《经典释文》音注是多层次多体系的,其“如字”音层次为常用音的常用义。考察《毛诗音义》皇．“袋”之“如字”音读,是全面考索《经典释文》“如字”音的一次小实验。《毛诗音义》中“行”之“如字”音读为衡。     

“义反音亦反”辨议

“义反音亦反”辨议陈伟武前人有“声近义通”之说,这可以说是训诂学的大发现。事实上,上千年的传统训诂学一直在做着因声求义的工作,声近义通的道理,人们早已晓得,只是到了清儒才从理论上加以总结罢了。声近义通,这个“通”,若包括同义相通和反义相通,那还较为客...     

《释名》声训中的声符示源功能研究

声训是一种很重要的训诂方法,也是探求词源的一种重要方法。但是对于什么是声训,声训的范围、目的,各家看法不完全一致。例如,王力《同源字论》：“声训,是以同音或音近的字作为训诂,这是古人寻求语源的一种方法。”[1]张永言《训治学简论》：“声训又称‘音训’,就是用音同或音近的字来解释字（词）义。”“声训汉儒已广泛使用,但还缺少科学性;到了清儒,才以较为精密的方法,运用‘音同（音近）义’的原理来研究训沽（明假借、溯语源、探义根、寻词族）,取得很大的成绩。”[2]白兆麟《简明训诂学》：“因声求义,旧称声训或音训…     

《经传释词》音转情况考察

《经传释词》运用声近义通、因声求义的训诂方法,注解了许多古汉语虚词。本文通过对其音转情况的考察,旨在探讨其＂就古音以求古义＂方法在虚词研究中的重要作用,从而论证此书在虚词研究史上的意义和价值。     

论颜师古对音义关系的认识

词是音义的结合体,音义关系是词汇研究中的一个重要问题。我国历代语言学家都十分重视对音义关系的探索与研究,唐代初年名语言学家颜师古就是其中一位,他在其《汉书注、《匡谬正俗》等作中充分运用音同,音义同,声相近,声之转等方法来辨通假,推求事物命名之意,贯通异形词。其因声求义的观念是明确的,方法是科学的。可以说,颜师古的因声求义已开清代以声音通训诂方法的先河。了解并研究颜师古因声求义的实践与理论,对汉语词汇史以至中国语言学史,都有重要意义。     

《世说新语新校》商榷——兼及校勘古籍应注意的一些问题

李天华先生新著《世说新语新校》胜义甚多,然由于本书以采用理校法居多,而理校法“最高明,同时也最危险”,故书中亦有可商榷之处。本文就该书中的数条校文提出商榷,同时,为使古籍校勘言而有据,本文还提出：校勘原文所引古书时,应以外校法为主;原文文从字顺者,不必另行标新立异;“音近义通”可作为校勘时的依据,然不可滥用。     

《晋书音义》的汉语史史料价值

本讨论了唐何超《晋书音义》的音切和释义。其音切反映了中唐语音的实际．可与《切韵》、《一切经音义》作比较;又反映了一些语音发展规律。其释义以揭示中古新生词、新生义为主,保留的《说》、《字林》材料很有价值。     

第二届汉语词源学学术研讨会在烟台举行

今秋 9月 2 1日至 2 3日 ,第二届汉语词源学学术研讨会在烟台举行。这次会议由北京师范大学、东北师范大学和烟台师范学院联合主办。来自全国各地的有关专家学者四十余人参加了这次会议 ,并提交了论文。论文内容涉及的范围很广泛 ,诸如词源义与词汇义、造词的任意性与理据性、辞书编纂中词的理据、词源与字源、古文字研究与词源研究、西方语言理论与汉语词源研究 ,以及个词的推源和同源词的系联等。会上就某些问题展开了热烈的讨论 ,并形成了共识。会上 ,著名语言学家王宁、张致毅作了重要发言。这次会议是 1 999年 8月在长春召开的首届汉语…     

古地名本义探索举例

为探讨炎黄文化源流 ,笔者用语源学藏汉语言文字对比的方法 ,着重探索了陇、氏、丘、虚、贡、赣等字之本义。     

《论语·八佾》“文献”

《论语》孔子所云“献”是具有证据功能的字资料。历代学训“献”为“贤”一误再误,各种诠释皆不圆孔子之说。据“献”字本义和古代注重收集民情传统考查,“献”是下情上达的字资料,与“”的区别仅在于强调其最初来自庙堂之下进献。当下情上达的字资料,“藏于秘室’’而与庙堂原有之“”久居共处,或两糅合一起时,“”与“献”的区别也就日益消失而没有意义,故笼而统之称为“献”。     

美国国会“涉藏立法”的历史考察

近二十年来,美国国会通过立法活动提出并通过了一系列干涉中国西藏事务的"涉藏议案"。其主要内容包括:要求美国政府将对华政策与"西藏问题"挂钩;以"西藏人权"为借口干涉西藏事务;为"藏独"势力提供援助,等等。作为美国对华人权外交的组成部分,这些"涉藏议案"对中美关系产生了不容忽视的负面影响,不仅使美国对中国所谓侵犯"西藏人权"问题的干涉长期存在,而且也在很大程度上助长了西藏分裂势力在国外的分裂活动。     

‘At intervals I was nearly stunned by the noise he made’: Listening to African American religious sound in the era of Slavery

Sharply differing perceptions, between blacks and whites, as to the role of sound in religious performance challenge us to recover what we can of the aural universe of African American slaves. To whites during the era of slavery, the sounds emitted by African American preachers and their congregations often seemed wildly inappropriate. In particular, the sermons of black preachers sounded like a mere jumble of thoughts, so much intellectual trash. Blacks, however, heard different things in these sermons, communal, interactive sounds, meanings conveyed through the shifting tones and culturally compelling rhythms of the preacher's voice. Rather than proceeding in linear, logical fashion, black sermons grouped loosely and often surprisingly juxtaposed ideas and images around a theme or series of themes, and in this respect were consonant with other forms of black cultural expression.     

THE FOUNDING ABYSS OF COLONIAL HISTORY: OR "THE ORIGIN AND PRINCIPLE OF THE NAME OF PERU"

The name of "Peru" and the entities and beings it names first appeared "in an abyss of history" on "the edge of the world" in the early 1500s. In this essay I ask what hermeneutical truths or meanings the strange event that made the name of Peru both famous and historical holds for—and withholds from—any understanding of the meaning of colonial history. By way of a reading of Inca garcilaso de la Vega's rendering, in Los Comentarios Reales de los Incas (1609) of "the origin and principle of the name of Peru," I suggest that Peru's name is itself an inaugural event that marks the founding void or abyss of colonial and postcolonial history, which is to say, of modern global history. This événemential void is not unoccupied, however. It is inhabited by another founding, mythopoetic figure of history: "the barbarian" whose speech is registered in the historian's text.     

The "Return of the Subject" As a Historico-Intellectual Problem

Recently, a call for the “return of the subject” has gained increasing influence. The power of this call is intimately linked to the assumption that there is a necessary connection between “the subject” and politics (and ultimately, history). Without a subject, it is alleged, there can be no agency, and therefore no emancipatory projects—and, thus, no history. This paper discusses the precise epistemological foundations for this claim. It shows that the idea of a necessary link between “the subject” and agency, and therefore between the subject and politics (and history) is only one among many different ones that appeared in the course of the four centuries that modernity spans. It has precise historico‐intellectual premises, ones that cannot be traced back in time before the end of the nineteenth century. Failing to observe the historicity of the notion of the subject, and projecting it as a kind of universal category, results, as we shall see, in serious incongruence and anachronisms. The essay outlines a definite view of intellectual history aimed at recovering the radically contingent nature of conceptual formations, which, it alleges, is the still‐valid core of Foucault's archeological project. Regardless of the inconsistencies in his own archeological endeavors, his archeological approach intended to establish in intellectual history a principle of temporal irreversibility immanent in it. Following his lead, the essay attempts to discern the different meanings the category of the subject has historically acquired, referring them back to the broader epistemic reconfigurations that have occurred in Western thought. This reveals a richness of meanings in this category that are obliterated under the general label of the “modern subject”; at the same time, it illuminates some of the methodological problems that mar current debates on the topic.     

关于红军长征史研究中的若干问题

本文对红军长征史研究中的若干问题,如"长征"一词最早是什么时候提出来的?红军长征的原因是什么?红军长征是不是"战略转移"?红一方面军是什么时候开始长征的?遵义会议是不是确立了毛泽东在党内军内的领导地位?陈云的《(乙)遵义政治局扩大会议》手稿是不是传达提纲?"四渡赤水"是不是"真如神"?关于张国焘的"密电"问题,其他几支红军的长征,红军长征的路程究竟有多长?三大主力会师后究竟有多少人?应该怎么理解长征精神等,提出了自己的看法.     

时序“矛盾”与“增删五次”及版本传抄——《红楼梦》中时序“矛盾”考辨之四

现存《红楼梦》(《石头记》)所有的版本,都只是过录本。这些:过录本,完全有可能不是抄自一种版本,而是拼凑抄的,即都不是据曹雪芹的原稿抄录的(更不是曹雪芹的原稿),这样也就难免出现矛盾现象了。因此,《红楼梦》中存在的“矛盾”现象,不一定都是曹雪芹造成的,而有些是在后来的传抄过程中造成的。同时,还有一些是由于曹雪芹在“披阅十载,增删五次”的过程中,“修改未尽”而留下的“痕迹”。另外,也与作者的注重写意有关。     

The Phonology of Marvdashti Dialect

Phonology is one of several aspects of a natural language and it is the study of sound systems of languages. The purpose of this article is to study and describe the phonemic system of the dialect of Marvdashti. Marvdashti dialect belongs to the southwestern branch of New Iranian languages. The article deals with an inventory of Marvdashti dialect sounds and their features and it covers the phonological rules which specify how sounds interact with each other. This study first introduces and examines the consonants and vowels of Marvdashti dialect, and then explores phoneme arrangement, syllable structure and phonological processes such as assimilation, dissimilation, alteration, epenthesis, deletion and methathesis.