从9种核心期刊的文献计量分析看核技术在文物保护与考古中的应用

从9种核心期刊的文献计量统计分析入手,分析了不同期刊、不同具体核技术方法、不同年份核技术应用文献量的差别,研究了差别的原因.介绍了主要核技术具体方法的含义和在考古及文物保护工作中的作用.分析和数据表明,核技术在考古和文物保护领域更广泛地应用及提高年代测量精度是核技术应用的两个发展方向.     

中国考古文物类期刊的发展与中国考古学的发展

本文分析了近90年来160多种中国考古文物类期刊的创办与发展情况,提出中国考古文物类期刊的发展与中国考古学学科的发展一样,经历了初创与早期发展、全面发展、复苏时期、成熟发展等四个阶段。现在的中国考古文物类期刊的格局,是1979年以来形成的。目前主要刊物的栏目形式有所变化．但研究论文与田野资料并重的办刊方针总体上没有变化。近10年来一些刊物新增加了文化遗产保护、科技考古、公众考古的内容,这应是中国考古学在21世纪发展的三项新的内容。     

当代美国外来移民的特征及影响分析

美国是一个典型的移民国家,一直以来都是世界上吸收国际移民数量最多的国家。据美国移民局统计,1820-2002年间,美国的外来移民总数达6821．75万人。从时期划分上看,移民进入美国的高潮主要有两次：一次是19世纪80年代至20世纪20年代,一次是20世纪60年代至今。1880-1930年间进入美国的移民为2757．26万人,而1960-2002年间进入美国的移民为2637．65万人,二者合计占1820-2002年间美国外来移民总数的79．08％。     

《文物保护与考古科学》入编双核心期刊

《文物保护与考古科学》期刊被《中文核心期刊要目总览》2011年版(即第六版)收录为"历史类"的核心期刊。《中文核心期刊要目总览》是由北京大学图书馆主持研究编撰的,是我国发布最早并在高等院校、科研单位学术评价中最受重视的学     

全国第八届科技考古学术讨论会全国第九届考古与文物保护化学学术研讨会征文通知

经中国科技考古学会（筹）、中国化学会应用化学学会、西北大学和中国科学院研究生院协商,全国第八届科技考古学术讨论会和全国第九届考古与物保护化学学术研讨会定于2006年10月18日-21日联合在西北大学召开。现将征集论的有关事项通知如下：     

动物王国的动物奇观

云南珍禽异兽很多,在森林里、河湖中、山野上栖息着种类繁多的动物：脊椎动物有 １６３８种,占全国总数的５４％;鸟类７９３种,占全国总数的６６％;两栖类１０２种,占全国总数的４４％;爬行动物１５１种,占全国总数的３９％;淡水鱼类３９９种;占全国总数的５０％．故获“动物王国”的美誉。有些珍稀动物在国内仅云南才有,故存在着不少世界罕见的动物奇观。     

2021年度复印报刊资料转载指数 综合性期刊总排名

被2021年度复印报刊资料全文转载的综合性期刊有452种,约占复印报刊资料全年涉及期刊总数(1365种)的33.1%。共被转载全文总数3705篇,约占复印报刊资料学术刊全文转载总量(10873篇,不包含报纸和内刊论文)的34.1%。     

《文物保护与考古科学》被国内外重要数据库收录情况

创办于1989年的《文物保护与考古科学》期刊,是目前我国文物保护科学和技术领域向国内外公开发行的唯一的一份综合性学术类科技期刊。自创办以来,在广泛进行技术交流、加快文物科研成果的推广应用、推动我国文物保护事业的发展方面发挥了积极的作用。目前,《文物保护与考古科学》是中国期刊全文数据库(GJFD)、中国学术期刊(光盘版)、中国数字化期刊群(万方数据)、中文科技期刊数据库的全文收录期刊,也已经成为中国学术期刊综合评价数据库(GAJCED)、中国核心期刊(遴选)数据库等的统计源期刊,同时也是AATA(Art and Archaeology Technic…     

征稿启事

《中原文物》杂志是由河南博物院主办的考古与文物类学术期刊,1977年创刊,为河南省一级期刊,现被收录入中文核心期刊、中国人文社会科学核心期刊(CHSSCD)。《中原文物》始终坚持弘扬优秀民族文化,促进文物考古学术研究的办刊宗旨,立足中原,面向全国与世界,关注学术热点,突出中原地域特色。     

2002年敦煌学研究论著目录索引

据我们不完全统计,2002年中国大陆出版敦煌学研究的相关作共56部,公开发表论404篇。本拟分专与论两个部分对当年敦煌学的研究状况进行介绍。其中论部分又以敦煌献、敦煌宗教、敦煌史地、敦煌石窟艺术考古与保护、敦煌语言字与学、敦煌学史、专评介、学术动态及其他等专题分类索引,以供学界查阅。     

考古学研究方法散论--评塔尔格伦的《史前考古学方法》

从上个世纪30年代起,欧美不断有考古学家著文对长期停留于文化史研究的考古学及其类型方法提出强烈的批评,塔尔格伦教授的<史前考古学方法>就是其中较具代表性的一篇.我国的考古类型学也经历了类似的发展历程.虽然已有不少学者对类型方法进行过探讨,但其中仍存在一些不足之处分型分式的标准不严、实践滞后于理论和研究方法过于单一等.我们应该建立一个客观的研究方法和理论体系以促进中国考古学的进一步发展.     

Methods for the extraction of archaeological features from very high-resolution Ikonos-2 remote sensing imagery,Hisar (southwest Turkey)

Archaeological research in the territory of Sagalassos is a multidisciplinary project covering scientific disciplines traditionally linked to archaeology and also new technologies such as very high-resolution remote sensing with sufficient radiometric and spatial resolution (<2.5 m). This paper focuses on the evaluation of GIS-, pixel- and object-based techniques for automatic extraction of archaeological features from Ikonos-2 satellite imagery, which are then compared to a visual interpretation of ancient structures. The study was carried out on the unexcavated archaeological site of Hisar (southwest Turkey). Although all techniques are able to detect archaeological structures from Ikonos-2 imagery, none of them succeed in extracting features in a unique spectral class. Various landscape elements, including archaeological remains, can be automatically classified when their spectral characteristics are different. However, major difficulties arise when extracting and classifying archaeological features such as wall remnants, which are composed of the same material as the surrounding substrate. Additionally, archaeological structures do not have unique shape or colour characteristics, which can make the extraction more straightforward. In contrast to automatic extraction methods, a simple visual interpretation performs rather well. The methods presented in this paper can be applied with variable success to archaeological structures composed of the same material as the surrounding substrate, which is often the case.     

Thinking Through Networks: A Review of Formal Network Methods in Archaeology

This review aims to expose the potential of formal network methods for archaeology by tracing the origins of the academic traditions, network models, and techniques that have been most influential to archaeologists. A brief discussion of graph theoretic applications in archaeology reveals how graph visualization and analysis was used since the 1960s in a very similar way to later network analysis applications, but did not seem to have influenced the more widespread adoption of network techniques over the past decade. These recent archaeological applications have been strongly influenced by two academic traditions, social network analysis and sociophysics. The most influential and promising techniques and models adopted from these traditions are critically discussed. This review reveals some general trends which are considered to be the result of two critical issues that will need to be addressed in future archaeological network analysis: (1) a general unawareness of the historicity and diversity of formal network methods both within and outside the archaeological discipline has resulted in a very limited methodological scope; (2) the adoption or development of network methods has very rarely been driven by specific archaeological research questions and is dominated by a few popular models and techniques, which has in some cases resulted in a routinized explanatory process. This review illustrates, however, the great potential of formal network methods for archaeology and argues that, if this potential is to be applied in a critical way, a broad multidisciplinary scope is necessary and specific archaeological research contexts should dominate applications.     

Vagueness and Archaeological Interpretation: A Sensuous Approach to Archaeological Knowledge Formation through Finds Analysis

The rapid development of natural scientific methods coupled with the recent popularity of new materialist philosophies in archaeological theory has raised discussion about the possibility of a return to empiricism in archaeology. While empiricism as a pragmatic philosophy is in line with archaeology’s hands-on character, the recent development has left some concerned about the vanishing role of vagueness and ambiguity in archaeological interpretation. In this setting, the exactitude of natural scientific methods is seen as a process of simplification that compromises the tacit dimensions of archaeological knowledge. This article discusses vagueness as an elementary part of all archaeological knowledge formation, with a particular emphasis on the role of perception and senses in finds analysis. Archaeological finds analysis is explored as an example of epistemologically vague and creative hypothesis formation.     

Project SAMPHIRE: Crowd Sourcing Maritime Archaeology data off Scotland's West Coast

Perhaps the greatest barrier to effective management of underwater cultural heritage is the lack of data on the nature and location of offshore archaeological resources. This is a problem shared with terrestrial archaeology, but is particularly acute due to the limitations of survey techniques in the underwater environment. In Scotland <15% of known ship losses from the last 200 years have been located and the record is far less comprehensive for earlier periods, verging on a near total data gap. Most known archaeological sites in Scottish waters have been discovered through large-scale sonar survey of relatively low resolution and a considerable bias has been introduced in the archaeological record; this has favored the discovery and documentation of larger and more recent, often upstanding, metal shipwrecks. This article presents the methods and results from a three-year project designed to reduce this bias by demonstrating large-scale prospecting for maritime archaeology through a community-based crowd-sourcing approach. Project SAMPHIRE (the Scottish Atlantic Maritime Past: Heritage, Investigation, Research and Education Project) was geographically focused on the west coast of the Scottish mainland and was undertaken between 2013 and 2015, resulting in a large number of new archaeological discoveries, including shipwrecks, aircraft, and other material of a much more varied nature than what is typically found through large-scale hydrographic surveys.     

The Archaeology of Regions: From Discrete Analytical Toolkit to Ubiquitous Spatial Perspective

In the 1970s and 1980s, regional analysis was an influential part of archaeological research, providing a discrete set of geographical tools inspired by a processual epistemological and interpretive perspective. With the advent of new technologies, new methods, and new paradigms, archaeological research on regional space has undergone significant changes. This article reviews the state of regional archaeology, beginning with a consideration of its history and a discussion of the fundamental issues facing regional investigations before focusing on developments over the last several years. On one hand, the diversification of archaeological theory has created new paradigms for thinking about human relationships with one another and with the physical environment across regional space; in this regard, historical ecology, landscape archaeology, and evolutionary theory have been particularly influential in recent years. This has led to a corresponding diversification of the traditional methods of regional analysis. Most notably, the advent of powerful digital technologies has introduced new tools, especially those from the geographic information sciences, that build on the quantitative methods of past approaches. The investigation of regional data is no longer based on a discrete toolkit of simple mathematical and graphical procedures for representing spatial relationships. Instead, regional archaeology has matured into a diversity of multiscalar spatial and geostatistical techniques that inform many areas of archaeological inquiry.     

Experimental archaeology in Denmark

When experimental archaeology began 100–150 years ago, it was carried out scientifically alongside regular archaeology. However, while general archaeology has continued intensively, scientific experimental archaeology has continued very sporadically during this century. The fact that there is a considerable amount of so‐called ‘experimental archaeology’ does not mean that it has been carried out scientifically. This is exemplified by house reconstructions, which despite their great number have only in a few cases added something new to archaeological research. Although these particular house reconstructions serve a pedagogic function, it would be better if, instead, scientific education was made available in the area of experimental archaeology.     

Holocaust Archaeology: Archaeological Approaches to Landscapes of Nazi Genocide and Persecution

Abstract

Debate concerning the events of the Holocaust is well embedded in the historical discourse and, thus, clearly defined narratives of this period exist. However, in most European countries the Holocaust has only recently begun to be considered in terms of its surviving archaeological remains and landscapes, and the majority of known sites are still ill-defined and only partially understood from both spatial structural points of view. Additionally, thousands of sites across Europe remain unmarked, whilst the locations of others have been forgotten altogether. Such a situation has arisen as a result of a number of political, social, ethical, and religious factors which, coupled with the scale of the crimes, has often inhibited systematic search. This paper details the subsequent development and application of a non-invasive archaeological methodology aimed at rectifying this situation and presents a case for the establishment of Holocaust archaeology as a sub-discipline of conflict studies. In particular, the importance of moving away from the notion that the presence of historical sources precludes the need for the collection of physical evidence is stressed, and the humanitarian, scientific, academic, and commemorative value of exploring this period is considered.     

上海松江区广富林遗址良渚时期人骨微量元素的初步研究

近几十年来,古代人群的食谱研究已经成为现代科技考古学的一个重要组成部分,也是当前国际科技考古学研究领域的一项前沿性课题。人类骨骼的化学元素分析为重建古代居民的食谱提供了大量信息。采用电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)对上海松江区广富林遗址良渚时期出土人骨中的Ba、Ca、Mg、Mn、P、Sr、Zn等7种化学元素测定的结果显示:发达的稻作业为该组居民提供了充足的植物性食物;而水网密集的周边环境同时又为该时期居民提供了丰富水产品,从而极大地补充了其蛋白质的摄入。