论清代陕西社仓的区域性特征

清代陕西社仓仓谷最主要的来源是用部分耗羡银采买,因此其设立之初规模就比较大,分布也非常广,但由于地理等因素的限制,分布并不均衡,而且陕北、关中、陕南三个地区的社仓发展、衰落也呈现出不同的特征。     

试论石峁等遗存与客省庄二期文化的关系

从五十年发现客省庄二期龙山文化遗存以来,陆续在陕北关中及陕南丹江流域发现石峁,双庵、紫荆等几批龙山文化遗存,这些发现都是我国北方的重要原始文化遗存。石峁等几批文化遗存同客省庄二期文化之间究竟是什么关系?它们属一个文化性质,还是分属不同的文化系统?本文试图从文化性质方面探索这种关系,以期抛砖引玉,得到学界专家和同行的指教。为了便于进一步研究这些问题,笔者拟把多年来在陕西境内发现的龙山文化遗存划分成若干区域。目前学术界有两种划法:一种分为关中东部,关中西部及陕北地区;     

陕西古代碑刻概述

陕西地区,尤其是汉唐旧都及京畿所在的关中地区,古代碑刻遗存十分丰富,有"古碑渊薮"之誉。在前贤以全国碑刻为著录对象的《金石录》《金石萃编》等金石著作中,陕西碑刻的条目几乎占去半壁江山。据初步统计,陕西境内现存碑刻类文物达万余种。以其分布状况计,关中约占70%,陕南约占20%,陕北约占10%。陕西是中国碑刻文化的发祥地,唐代发现于凤翔、被称为"碑刻之祖"的《石鼓文》,属战国时代秦国刻石,是我国境内迄今所知年代最早的碑石刻铭。秦始皇统一中国后,曾5次出巡。     

关于陕西民间宗祠木雕文化研究

本文以陕西民间宗祠木雕为研究对象,分析陕西宗祠木雕独特的民族性和地域性。通过实地调研了集中在陕西地区的上百座建筑华美、雕刻卓著、装饰美轮美奂的宗祠,从关中、陕南、陕北三个不同地域的民间宗祠木雕进行分析总结。最后,归纳总结陕西民间宗祠木雕的文化内涵与艺术特点,进而挖掘中华文化的历史意义与社会价值,并倡导传统文化的保护与传承。     

山村变迁

陕西按地理环境天然被分为3大块，秦岭以南为陕南，渭河平原称为关中，陕北为黄土高坡。我家就在八百里平原的秦川的关中，八百里秦川被称为“米粮川”。“三十亩地一头牛，老婆娃娃热炕头”，就是人们以往惬意生活的生动写照。如今，“满足”、“惬意”，对咸阳市礼泉县南坊镇中峰村四组的300多户村民来说，俨然已是上个世纪的名词了。     

清代陕西农村畜养业的发展与牲畜产品输出

本文选取了清代陕西较重要的产业——农村畜养业作为研究对象,探讨了它的地域发展特征,牲畜市场的结构与分布,牲畜输出,初步匡算出清代陕西的年牲畜交易量。指出清代陕西农村畜养业具有普遍性的特点,遍在的农家耕畜需求以及作为交通工具役使,促进了农村畜养业的发展。另外,本地地近塞北,处于农牧分界地区,陕北部分州县半农半牧,故畜牧业发达。牲畜的交易与地方良种培育具有地缘优势,陕北"佳米驴",关中"秦川牛"、"关中驴"、"关中骡"在清代均形成地方品牌,是清代陕西对外输出的牲畜良种,在全国颇具知名度。这里每年牲畜交易十分频繁,牲畜市场发育最完善。清末陕西年牲畜交易量大体在20-40万头之间,牲畜税是地方商品中征收最多的税种,也构成陕西地方财政最重要的来源与补充。从这一点来说,它也是清代陕西地方经济发展有别于其它经济发达省区的一个重要特征。     

秦汉遗存

作为秦汉两代政治、经济的中心区域,陕西共发现遗存4500余处,远远超过了其他时代;其中关中地区最多,约占总数的55%;陕北和陕南分别占32%和13%.这些遗存主要包括城邑、宫殿、长城、水利、交通、仓储、作坊等遗址、各类墓葬以及石刻、文物出土点等,不仅类别丰富,一些遗存规模大、规格高,分布范围也空前扩大至全省97%的县(区).     

古道路、桥梁遗存

陕西是古代道路修筑较早、也较为发达的地区.据史载,早在春秋、战国,秦岭山区就有了车路通行;历史上著名的金牛道、故道、直道、褒斜道等均位于或大部分位于陕西境内.目前,全国共发现古道路(包括与此相关的沿线烽燧、宫殿、兵站、驿站、关隘等遗址以及烽火台、摩崖题刻、碑刻等)及桥梁遗存近900处,绝大多数分布于秦巴山区和陕北,时代又以秦汉、宋、明、清代几个时期的居多,从而为陕西古代陆路交通的研究,提供了较为丰富的实物资料.     

光辉的历程 巨大的成就——庆祝中华人民共和国成立三十五周年

陕西是古人类的摇蓝,周秦的故地,汉唐的中心;陕北有革命圣地延安,关中有渭华起义和八路军驻西安办事处旧址,陕南有红军长征留下的遗迹,地上地下文物丰富多采,荟萃     

春秋、战国遗存

春秋、战国时期的陕西,是秦人登上历史舞台并最终统一中国的主要活动区域.自春秋至秦朝建立的450余年间,秦人相继建都于平阳、雍城、泾阳、栎阳和咸阳;而关中东部、陕北的一部以及陕南,则曾是三晋、楚.巴、蜀等国的辖地.目前,全省共发现遗存860余处.其中关中地区最多,约占50%,关中西部的宝鸡地区又几占一半.陕北次之,约占42%;陕南最少,仅占8%.这些遗存主要包括城邑、宫殿、长城、水利、交通等遗址(约占69%)、各类墓葬(约占24%)以及窖藏和文物出土点.本世纪三十年代至今,这一时期的考古发掘及调查主要集中在关中,重要者有宝鸡斗鸡台等地的一大批东周墓葬、雍城遗址及陵区、栎阳遗址、咸阳城遗址及芷阳陵区、郑国渠渠首遗址等.在都城建制、水利、长城、宗庙和陵寝制度的研究以及建立墓葬序列等方面,都取得了重要的收获.     

Advances in Morphometrics in Archaeobotany

ABSTRACT

Morphometric analysis offers an alternative or augmentation to traditional archaeobotanical methods to address differences within and between plant species and their remains, refining and enhancing taxonomic resolution. Morphometrics, the measurement of size and shape, and the multivariate statistical analysis of generated quantitative variables, have long played a major role in biological research, including plant taxonomy and systematics, although its application in archaeobotany is relatively recent. Over the last few decades, there has been an increasing interest in the use of morphometrics for analysing a varied range of archaeological plant materials (mainly seeds, pollen, phytoliths, and starch grains). In particular, morphometrics have contributed to the study of the domestication and spread of many cereals world-wide, as well as that of other taxa including legumes, underground storage organs (USO), and fruits (such as olives, grapes, and dates). This paper reviews current methodologies, recent applications, and advances in the use of morphometrics in archaeobotanical research, discusses its role in exploring major research questions, and suggests possible future directions for its use.     

杏开二月

已经是二月仲春了,大地柔软,天气慢慢热起来了。一场习习的春雨,浇得人心头酥酥的。我第一次注意到,家门前的杏树开了。枝干上,星星点点,挑着几朵白,轻盈得很,把薄薄的心打开,驻足美的枝头,观赏人间烟火。背后是灰灰的庭院,低矮的     

Geography in Higher Education in Australia

Within the last 30 years, geographical information systems (GIS) have been used increasingly in the training of geographers. On the basis of the philosophy of technology and instrumental genesis, we sketch how the use of instruments interacts with learning processes and outline how this can be studied. We empirically analyse students' learning processes and the influences of teaching practice in an introductory course in GIS. We show that students have different strategies for creating their personal instrument for spatial thinking and how teaching interacts with the students' learning processes. Finally, we discuss how GIS may gradually alter future professional development of geographers.     

America in Speech and in Deed

The author's primary aim in what follows is to fully articulate Chantal Delsol's critique of late modern universalism as an attempt to depoliticize the individual for the sake of replacing politics with morality. The result of this depoliticization is a quasi-pantheistic cosmopolitanism that not only effectively denies the significance of individuality, despite rhetorically lionizing it, but also undercuts the freedom of individual conscience that makes moral choice possible. Genuine political prudence and moral judgment are subsequently replaced by the rigid exactitude of a technocratic analysis that reintroduces the "clandestine ideology" it was, despite protestations to the contrary, intended to eliminate. The unhappy paradox produced by the attempt to replace the necessary limitations of political judgment with the universality of a priori moral decree is that a new set of culturally and historically idiosyncratic political attachments are surreptitiously introduced beyond the pale of reasonable debate and disagreement. Delsol's measured response is not a precipitous rejection of universalism as such but a rehabilitation of it that recaptures the Christian moral realism at its core.     

Tibetan-Inhabited Area in Deqen in Development

Deqen, honored as “Shangri La”,is located in the area where three rivers meet to form one in the Henduan Mountains straddling the borders of Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet. The Deqen Tibetan Ethnic Group Autonomous Prefecture, founded in September 1957, is the only Tibetan autonomous prefecture in Yunnan Province but one of 10 in the