张名振批点本《皇明资治通纪》

张名振批点本《皇明资治通纪》陈智超沈津美国哈佛大学哈佛燕京图书馆所藏中文古籍之多,在美国各大学图书馆中首屈一指;其中有一些是珍贵的文献,即与美国国会图书馆相比也不遑多让。张名振批点本《皇明资治通纪》就是其中的一种。两朝禁书哈佛燕京图书馆所藏《皇明资治...     

《董解元西厢记》版本的流变

《董解元西厢记》现存的九种明清版本,皆为明代嘉靖年间张羽整理本的衍生。直接来自张羽整理本的刻本,目前有"风逸人本"和"适适子本"两种,前者应为嘉靖年间刊刻,极有可能是张羽的原刻本;后者应为万历年间刊刻,根据八卷的分卷形式,其刊刻时间当早于同属万历年间的黄嘉惠刻本、《新刊合并》刻本。《董解元西厢记》的版本经历了一个卷数演变过程,由最初的八卷本分化为二卷本,后来形成二卷本和四卷本两个版本系统。这种演变既包含编撰者统一丛书体例的需要,亦包含商业出版趋新逐利的内在要求。     

《曹子建集》宋嘉定六年本证伪——曹植集版本系统新证

迄今为止,除去所谓宋开宝七年刻本等赝本,流传有绪、信而有征的宋本《曹子建集》,只有上海图书馆所藏宋刻本和清《四库全书》本《曹子建集》底本所出的所谓宋嘉定六年刻本两种。但是,根据《四库全书考证》所反映《四库全书》底本面貌,以及上海图书馆藏宋刻本、明舒贞刻本、明郭云鹏刻本、《四库全书》本《曹子建集》篇目文字等来看,所谓宋嘉定六年刻本与所谓宋开宝七年刻本一样,都是明嘉靖郭云鹏刻本伪托。证伪所谓宋嘉定六年本,另外重新比对明活字本、舒贞刻本、郭云鹏本、《四库全书》本等篇目文字异同,不难发现,既有种种说法尽管都十分富有洞见,但是曹植集版本系统仍然有重新梳理的必要。     

《石渠余纪》版本源流考

王庆云是晚清重要的度支能臣,所著《石渠余纪》更是研究道光朝制度和财政史的重要著作。根据《荆花馆日记》等材料的排比对照,可知坊间关于其写作过程存在很大的误解;其篇目存在很多缺失,所流传的版本与作者原意也有相当的背离。根据现存《石渠余纪》的十个版本的考订,可知光绪十四年的宁乡黄氏本是最早的流传版本,其篇目排序于后世影响颇大;光绪十六年攸县龙璋本是影响最大的版本,陈宝琛署本则因《国史列传·王庆云传》的加入以及其刻本的精美对当世影响颇大。学界流传《石渠余纪》原名《熙朝纪政》的说法始自龙璋本,但从多个反证看,此说系误传的可能性很大;从两篇手稿与通行刊本的校勘结果来看,二者之间存在一定的差异。     

《宪台通纪》辨误一则

<正>《宪台通纪·作新风宪》(《永乐大典》卷二六〇八,北京,中华书局,1986年,第1290页)条云:"天历元年九月二十五日,本台官奏:……初立廉访司时分,革了四个书吏,改做一员照磨管勾,专管架阁库文卷,收掌赃罚钱物。"文中"书吏"     

《皇明通纪》续补诸作考述

陈建《皇明通纪》是明人编纂的第一部编年体当代史,虽经朝廷焚毁,而海内传诵如故,受到当时学者的重视,涌现一批续补《通纪》之作。其中《世穆两朝编年史》、《皇明从信录》、《两朝从信录》、《明通纪述遗》是众多续补之作中的代表作。本文逐一将其作者、撰述过程、内容特点等加以考述,由此可窥见《通纪》续补风气之一斑。     

《九家集注杜诗》版本疑点考辨——兼论“聚珍本”说的产生背景

《九家集注杜诗》共有五种版本,依次为南宋淳熙八年郭知达刻本、南宋宝庆元年曾噩刻本、清乾隆间《四库全书》抄本、清嘉庆八年武英殿刻本、民国二十九年《杜诗引得》铅印本。但因叶德辉、洪业等名家误导,学界对此多有误解,所谓"乾隆武英殿刻本"、"乾隆武英殿聚珍本"(活字)及其"嘉庆时翻刻之本",实皆嘉庆八年武英殿刻本;所谓"元明间刻本",纯属子虚。以《九家注》为例,可以窥见清代修书刻书与书籍著录之一斑:《四库全书荟要》不收《九家注》,是其编纂从速、去取不精的例子之一;学者、书坊、官书局等未详《武英殿聚珍版丛书》实情,错误地著录乃至"重刻"不少"聚珍本"。今人从推测清宫印出"聚珍本"《九家注》后又"不欲其流传",到断言清宫宋本《九家注》"绝不会是宋刻"等等,以讹传讹,应予澄清。     

《有象列仙全传》版本考

《有象列仙全传》现存最早版本为国家图书馆所藏明万历二十八年(1600)汪云鹏玩虎轩刻本,上海图书馆、浙江图书馆等藏本为明末清初翻刻本。翻刻本在版式、刻工、图像、文字方面与万历本均有一定的差异。《有象列仙全传》在明末传入日本并再次刊刻,现存日本庆安三年(1650)刻本、宽政三年(1791)序本两种。两书均是刻本,而非学界所云"活字本"。庆安本是据明末清初翻刻本再次翻刻,宽政本则是庆安版后印本。     

台图藏明钞本《救荒活民书》考述

《救荒活民书》现存版本主要包括以《四库全书》本为主的抄本系统和以《墨海金壶》本为底本的刻本系统。台图藏明蓝格钞本基于明成化刻本抄录,有清代四库馆臣的批校痕迹以及翰林院印章,故可认定为四库底本,即"浙江范懋柱家天一阁藏本"。此本在考订版本源流、校勘以及四库底本的研究等方面具有重要的文献价值。     

《靖节先生集》佚名批注的文献价值

<正>清代陶澍的《靖节先生集》旁征博引,荟萃众家之长,辨析精详,每为学界称道,至今不衰。其最早有清道光二十年南京惜阴书舍刻本(以下简称"道光初刻本"),其后重印本较多,如光绪九年苏州官书局重雕本、中华书局《四部备要》本、商务印书馆《国学基本丛书》本,至如铅印、石印诸本,数量更多。今湖南省图书馆藏有陶澍《靖节先生集》的清代抄本残卷,署名"受业吴县曹堉校字",残存二册,三卷(卷首、卷3、卷4)。该抄本有佚名批注评点多处,对陶     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

Hospital Drama: Visual Theatres of the Medical Rendezvous from Asylum to Hospital with Reference to Specific Works by Anna Furse

Abstract

This paper is informed by Furse’s practice as a theatre maker in two fields of output that are connected by two factors: first, the presence of the woman patient — hysteric/subfertile respectively — within the clinical gaze; second, the significance of the womb to each pathology. In the treatment of each (explored in Furse’s theatre), lens based technologies play their part, whilst the cultural and medical can be seen to have overlapped to produce specific meaning with regard to Her body and its spectacularity. The article presents an overview of some of the key issues in precisely how the woman’s body becomes spectacular within this prosthetic medical gaze and how the medical — and theatrically designed spaces to represent these — become meaningful and potent proxemics that in turn inform medical/ theatrical spectatorship. Overarching nineteenth-century protocols at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris (where Furse’s Augustine (Big Hysteria) is set) to contemporary imaging technologies used in the treatment of subfertility with Assisted Reproduction Technologies (the topic of her Art of A.R.T. projects), it examines the way in which photography develops through cinema to X-Ray, ultrasound and then 3D/4D ultrasound to ‘capture’ the woman’s body in ways by which she becomes muted and exposed. These occular technologies that extend the gaze, first to an exterior subject and then, eventually, traversing the flesh without knife, lend specific performativity to the ‘patient’ women, within the context of hysterias and reproductive impairments respectively. Finally, issues of suspension of disbelief are addressed. The spectator’s faith in the screen-based image of Her spectacular body is interrupted in Furse’s work, which is also keenly interested in the effect of such imagery on the woman’s sense of Self. The historical and cultural leaps in this article argue that there is indeed a trajectory through the history of medical imaging since the first application of photography to anatomy to the more advanced scoping technologies of medical imaging today, and that in each era, the production of these images remain fraught with cultural implications.     

The Death of Alexander the Great – A Spinal Twist of Fate

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. Physical depictions of this historical figure reveal the likelihood of a cervical scoliotic deformity. This is substantiated with the medical history and is correlated with his untimely death. For the first time, it is concluded that Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome.