THE NEW FEDERALISM PARADOX*

One of the aims of Nixon's “New Federalism” reforms was to promote political decentralization in the federal system. An examination of the impact of revenue-sharing and block grant programs in El Paso, Texas, reveals that the New Federalism seems to have had the opposite effect in that city. El Paso is now more dependent, politically and economically, on federal grants than it was prior to the New Federalism and local autonomy is significantly reduced. The reasons for this paradoxical impact in El Paso and the applicability of these findings to other cities are discussed.     

安昌古镇的特色景观

<正>因为一幅《故乡》,江南的小桥流水,华丽变身为所有人的梦里水乡。"风到这里就是粘,雨到了这里缠成线",无论在何种形式的艺术家眼里,江南,都是一份挥不去的缠绵。于是,当周庄已经成为喧闹的代名词,当西塘毫无疑     

逍遥游——东风日产新逍客湘西自强之旅

始终认为,“逍客”这名字取得太成功了,逍,逍遥、潇洒、畅享、无拘无束,逍客,其原意指“城市游牧民”,但我们也可以理解成逍遥洒脱之人。试问人生在世,谁不想摆脱一切,恣意欢歌,在远离烦扰之地闲云野鹤一番。     

DEATHSCAPE: MALCOLM LOWRY'S TOPOPHOBIC VIEW OF THE CITY

Intellectuals tend toward a negative view of the modern city, whereas literary works express more ambivalent feelings. The novelist Malcolm Lowry's vision of the North American city, however, is purely topophobic, and six levels of topophobia are evident. In ascending order of disquietude, cities are regarded as placeless, as sources of sensory overload, as fundamentally inorganic (the aesthetico-sensory dimension) and as symbols of evil, as predators, and ultimately as the agents of civilization, the creator of deathscapes (the symbolic dimension ).
Les intellectuels ont tendance à avoir une vision négative de la ville dans le monde moderne, tandis que les oeuvres littéraires démontrent des sentiments plus ambivalents. La vision des villes nord-américaines qu'entretient le romancier Malcolm Lowry est purement 'topophobique,' avec six niveaux de 'topophobie.' Par ordre ascendant de malaises, les villes resortent comme dépourvues de lieux, comme étant des sources de surcharge sensorielle, comme fondamentalement inorganiques (la dimension esthético-sensorielle), et comme étant des symboles de malheur, comme prédatrices, et finalement, comme agents de la civilisation créatrice de paysages de mort (la dimension symbolique).     

索鉴道不同

游杭州、登黄山、赏宏村,盛夏的江南烟雨蒙蒙,婉约动人。一路走来我们感受到的不止是江南胜景,更有同伴们的协作和坚持,一日徒步黄山。队员们完成了一次自我超越。     

SOCIALIST FEDERALISM AND SPATIAL EQUITY: REVIEW OF A DISCUSSION

The proceedings of a wide-ranging discussion at the Institute of Geography, Moscow on current political and territorial issues in the USSR are summarized by one of its participants. The key thrust of the discussion centered on the need to find ways of increasing the involvement of Soviet political and other geographers in the analysis of critical questions of Soviet federalism: the incongruence of political-administrative boundaries with ethnic and economic regions; the search for a viable division of authority among Moscow, the republics, and local soviets; mitigation of growing regional inequality engendered by perestroyka and regional khozraschet (translated by Jay K. Mitchell, PlanEcon, Inc., Washington, DC 20005).     

A PERSPECTIVE OF THE SENATUS CONSULTUM ULTIMUM IN THE LATE ROMAN REPUBLIC FROM THE CONSTITUTIONAL POINT OF VIEW

During the severe crises which terminated in the violent deaths of Tiberius Gracchus, Gaius Gracchus and Satuminus with their companions in 133, 121,and 100 B.C. respectively, the Senate developed a drastic measure of crisis management, i.e. the senatus consultum ultimum. Its literal meaning was the supreme resolution of the Senate, but actually, it was an emergency measure issued by the Senate in the name of defending the commonwealth. Its effectiveness simply derived from the assertion that the commonwealth, or to be more accurate, the domestic political order, was in jeopardy. Though it was repeatedly used in domestic conflicts and played an important role in the political life of the late Roman Republic, its legality was none the less argued by the contemporaries.     

THE PLACE OF CHRONOLOGICAL STUDIES IN ARCHAEOLOGY A VIEW FROM THE OLD WORLD*

This article deals with the univeral problem of chronological versus social change and discusses the methodological foundations and the scientific functions of chronological studies, exemplified by the Nordic Bronze Age, a classic example of the development of a chronological system. First the universal validity of the premises of typology and seriation are questioned. Secondly, there is a discussion of the chronological implications of the many possible relationships between the period of production, the period of use and the period of deposition of artefacts. Thirdly the foundations of chronological change is analysed and finally the place of chronological studies in the research process is discussed.     

MY VIEW ON THE CHANGES IN THE NUMBER OF MONASTERIES AND MONKS AND NUNS IN TIBET

In Tibetan areas, prior to the Democratic Reform （1959-1960）, there were over 2,700 monasteries, and the population of monks and nuns totaled about 110,000, accounting for 10 percent of the total Tibetan population （1.2 million）.     

壶口惊涛

<正>一"九曲黄河万里沙,浪淘风簸自天涯。"在巴颜喀拉山的约古宗列盆地,黄河从玛曲的清泉汩汩涌出,宛若缀结在重重山岭的一条飘带,开始了它5000余公里的漫漫流程。荆榛遍野,冻土苔原,黄河穿过寂寞的星宿海,投向沼泽密布的松潘草地,温婉闲