谈志稿中的“流水账”问题

不少志书记述的内容仅为罗列事实数据或不分主次地记述,形同记“流水账”。如果志书编纂者将横排门类、纵述史实机械地理解成按时间先后罗列,片面地理解据事直书,就会形成影响志书质量的“流水账”问题。志书编纂者在编辑过程中,一定要注意避免“流水账”问题,不断提高志书质量。     

志体“横排纵述”论

横排纵述体例适应地方志内容表达的需要,是地方志的核心体例特征及主要形式。横排体例几乎与地方志的出现同步,并随着地方志的发展而发展,至新时期首轮修志时趋于成熟,纵述体例则经历了从个别到普遍、从局部到全局、从不自觉到自觉的过程。横排纵述体例,因横利于保其"全"、纵利于存其"史",而适合于"全史"类文本的编纂,可以为"全史"类文本的编纂提供思路、规则和方法。     

消除志书记述“流水账”的方法

从第二轮修志开始,方志界对志书采用"流水账"记述方法的问题十分关注,在有关报刊杂志中也能看到如何消除志书"流水账"痕迹的文章。可是,在地方志书"分志"记述中"流水账"痕迹依然没有彻底消除。为了解决编修第三轮志书"流水账"记述方法的问题,笔者从已出版的志书中出现的"流水账"记述方法的主要表现形式及产生的原因入手,提出志书消除"流水账"痕迹的主要方法。     

试谈志稿编写须注意的几个问题

志书编纂通常存在一些问题,体例方面主要有对"续志"理解有误、"述"文不符、"附录"和"附"不分三个问题;行文方面,主要有"流水账"记述方法、总结报告写法记述、段落划分随意性、书名号和引号错用四个问题;志书记述的词语概念方面,主要有非公有制经济和民营经济混用、"民营"和"私有"混为一谈、港澳台经济贸易与对外经济贸易混称等问题。     

志书应显示事物发展演变的历史进程

地方志的一个重要体例是横排竖写,即横排门类,纵述历史。纵述历史是志书的经,是志书的主体。志书纵述得好不好,关系到志书能否实现其资治的主要功能。纵述历史不是将历史资料简单地排列,而应该反映事物兴衰起伏、发展演变的历史进程,否则读者、后人从中看不出事情的前因后果,不能从中总结经验教训,即达不到资治的目的。     

要辩证地看待修志原则

首届社会主义新方志编修中各地共同遵循了一些基本原则。如体例方面的横排纵述 ,写法方面的述而不论 ,内容方面的详今略古 ,遵守地域范围方面的越境不书 ,大事记编写方面的编年体 ,等等。这些原则对统一各地志书的体例、写法 ,保证志书具备方志的特点 ,以及提高志书的质量 ,发挥了重要作用。但是 ,近几年 ,特别是在讨论续修方志理论时 ,有人对这些原则提出了不同意见。本文就辩证地看待修志原则问题 ,谈些个人看法。　　一、关于横排纵述横排纵述是方志体例最突出的特点。横排是指将所记事物按性质分类 ,横向排列 ,拟订编目 ;纵述是指对每一…     

方志纵述浅谈

横排纵述是志书区别于其它体的写作方法。所谓横排,就是按事物的性质进行分类;所谓纵述,即按时间顺序记述事物的肇端、演变和现状,写出盛衰起伏,彰明因果关系,使读了解事物的始末、历史的进程,以将求事物的发展规律,吸收有益的经验教训。     

方志建置政区推陈出新得失与对策——以广西第一轮三级志书为例

新修省、市、县三级志书首设的“建置”（政区、行政区划）志（篇、章）,不仅是对本级志书横排纵述时空平台的定义和界定,也是其他门类事物依此界定而纲举目张纵记始末横陈到边之必然。通过对新修第一轮省、市、县三级志书,尤其是广西第一轮三级志书的初略研讨,探索其对旧志相关内容之推陈出新,进而指出不论以“行政区划”还是以“建置政区”横排纵述门类,续修方志之首志都要力求忌一味泥古照抄,忌盲目轻信土权威,忌矫枉过正,忌墨守成规,忌错失“补和删”,忌忽视建制层级,忌建置沿革与政区混记。由此提出相关规范完善之对策。     

中国发现的"高丽青瓷"研究

本文对中国境内发现的若干"高丽青瓷"的各项基本特征进行排比归纳,对"象嵌"装饰技法的实质进行了研究,并进而初步探讨高丽青瓷及其装饰技法与中国南北方青瓷之间的关系.     

徯我后

正被誉为"中国美术复兴第一声"的《徯我后》,是徐悲鸿巨幅历史题材代表作之一,创作于1930年至1933年,纵230、横318厘米。1927年,在欧洲苦研8年的徐悲鸿学成归来。站在中国的土地上,他要把8年的潜心学习、8年的兼容并蓄、8年的追寻探索倾入中国画坛,用自己独特的风格和独创的艺术技法,画出中国的油画,把久已沉寂失去活力的中国绘画带进一个新的境界。《徯我后》便是一幅用纯粹的西洋技法,在巨幅的画布上来喷薄一个纯粹的史诗气势宏大     

全面、客观、系统：论志书编纂的三大准则

全面、客观、系统是《地方志工作条例》对志书编纂的总体要求。它既是对横排门类、述而不论和纵述史实等历史经验的概括总结,又是在传统基础上的提升与完善,因而是志书编纂应予遵循的重要准则。由于它涵盖了志书编纂的主要内容和基本方法,所以对促进方志学研究和修志实践的逐步深入具有重大的理论价值和现实意义。     

论王朔、何顿小说的狂欢化叙事

本文借用巴赫金的“狂欢化”理论,从边缘性、双声性、消解性三方面对王朔、何顿小说的狂欢化叙事进行分析,从而揭示出二者在叙事狂欢化倾向上的异同。     

叙述与记忆：朝鲜半岛文人的徐福东来记事研究

徐福东渡一直在中日韩三国广为流传。朝鲜半岛人民对徐福东来的叙述与记忆,依其本土文献记载至少可回溯至新罗时期。关于徐福的传说、民谣至今仍在朝鲜半岛南部区域广泛流传,或称“徐市过之”的摩崖石刻痕迹也保留至今。无论是充满想象的叙述,还是遗址遗物中的记忆,都深层次反映了汉字文化圈内独有的文化现象与逻辑。通过对朝鲜半岛文人“徐福东来”记事叙述与朝鲜半岛民间记忆——传说、民谣等资料的研究,勾勒出徐福一行在朝鲜半岛的可能行迹,并进一步揭示徐福研究的当代文化学意义。     

SKILLS,THE GENDER WAGE GAP,AND CITIES

This paper links gender wage gaps with the urban wage premium. First, the study documents gender wage gaps are narrower in larger U.S. metropolitan areas in 2000 and 2010. Skill agglomerations are then considered to explain this. Specifically, if men and women employ heterogeneous skills, and these skills have differential productivities across city sizes, agglomerative forces may differentially reward men and women. Occupational data show that women are concentrated in jobs relatively more intensive in interactive and cognitive skills, while men are comparatively in physical skill‐intensive jobs. Decomposing the gender wage gap shows that explanatory factors (education, skills, and location) predict women would outearn men. Instead, agglomerative skill returns account for majority of the gap. These estimates suggest that even as women employ skills rewarded in agglomeration economies, they benefit less from agglomerations than men, resulting in the observed gap.     

城市化进程中交通公平的研究进展

在系统分析城市化进程中交通公平内涵的基础上,从弱势群体与社会排斥、交通公平评估与改善策略等方面,梳理交通公平的相关研究成果。结果表明,当前城市交通公平性研究还需从以下几个方面进行完善:交通公平内涵应更加注重改善快速城市化地区居民群体的出行环境;系统分析快速城市化进程中交通公平的演化模式,改善交通公平的基本测度方法;构建交通公平评估的空间分析方法,从经济成本可达性角度剖析交通公平性;关注快速城市化地区交通公平的改善策略,提出可操作性的交通公平优化方法。     

SEISMIC DESIGN REGULATION CODES: CONTRIBUTION OF K-NET DATA TO SITE EFFECT EVALUATION

The purpose of this study is to compare the site effect section of building codes (EC8 and UBC97) with the set of data provided by the Kyoshin network. In order to obtain a set of site coefficients and spectral shapes, we have first deduced an attenuation law for both horizontal and vertical motion. Site conditions are represented by the shear velocity averaged over the upper 30 m (V _s ³⁰). Our site classification (4 categories similar to those proposed in the new ECS and the UBC97) is based on borehole investigations at every station. This classification has permitted to distinguish clearly four response spectra which demonstrates the efficiency of V _s ³⁰ as characterising site conditions. Our law is then used to test site coefficients and spectral shapes of building codes ECS and UBC97. Concerning spectral shapes and site coefficients, our results are found to be in good agreement with EC8 and UBC97 only if category B (400<V _s ³⁰<800 m/s) is taken as reference. We also conclude that a site which is characterised as “rock” on geological criteria can not generally be classified in category A (V _s ³⁰>800 m/s). This suggests that classification in category A should be based only on field measurements. Concerning vertical motion, our analysis of the K-NET data shows that the ratio av/ah (vertical peak ground acceleration over horizontal peak ground acceleration) is between 0.50 and 0.68.     

Generation of sporadic sodium layers via turbulent heating of the atmosphere?

When a gravity wave breaks down, its energy is dumped in a narrow altitude range initiating an increase in temperature, which may consequently generate sporadic sodium layers (SSL) through temperature sensitive chemistries. In order to estimate the temperature change resulted from gravity wave breakdown, the energy dissipation through viscous process is discussed. We show that SSLs can be successfully siimulated by solving the continuity equation with a temperature dependent production function. The generation of the largest SSL observed at Arecibo is shown to be associated with gravity waves exhibiting very short vertical wavelength. Simultaneous sodium and temperature measurements suggest that the heating mechanism proposed here as a possible explanation to the occurrence of SSLs, if viable, is more applicable to low and middle latitudes than high latitudes.     

对话与反省——《豆棚闲话》叙事研究

《豆棚闲话》是一部叙事手段独特而高明的话本小说。与以往的话本小说不同,其叙述者是明确的个人,因此也使叙述具有个性化色彩;其叙述过程中叙述者发生了转换,因此产生了对话的叙事方式。而对话的叙事方式使《豆棚闲话》的叙事充满了不确定性,即有不同的声音却没有固定的或者是主导的看法。而作者正是要通过各种不同的观点,重新审视一些约定俗成的问题。这种反省精神和明清之际思潮相一致,且领时代之先。     

Measurement of vertical phase and group velocities of atmospheric gravity waves by VHF radar

A systematic method of deriving from MST radar data the group velocity and phase velocity of the atmospheric wave along the radar beam direction is proposed and verified by a series of numerical simulations. We apply the method to two data sets measured by Chung-Li radar under different background wind conditions. It is found that the vertical group velocity and phase velocity are mostly in the opposite direction when the background wind is weak. The energy source of downgoing wave packets was evidently related to the instability in the upper height range (10.5–11.7 km) where strong wind shear existed. When the background wind and wind shear are stronger, the vertical group and phase velocities may propagate in the same direction. We also found from numerical simulation and data analysis that the wave packet of gravity waves following power law spectrum are short-lived. A by-product of the group velocity measurement is that the horizontal wavelength may also be deduced from a vertical radar beam measurement from the dispersion relation if it is valid.     

Royal slaves in the Danish-Norwegian West Indies 1792–1848: Living in autonomy

A group of slaves owned by the King of Denmark-Norway, termed Royal Slaves, performed essential and specific functions in the urban colonial society of the Danish-Norwegian West Indies. This article traces the development of this group of slaves and examines their standard of living and level of skills compared to plantation slaves in the Danish-Norwegian West Indies. The article argues that the Royal Slaves, through their access to provision grounds, had opportunities for a better life and developed a particular group identity, and that particular Royal Slaves possessed skills which led them to have positions of substantial social status in the social hierarchy of colonial society. Lastly, the article compares the conditions of living of the Danish-Norwegian Royal Slaves to Royal Slaves in other contemporary slave communities in order to further assess how, and if, the Danish-Norwegian Royal Slaves lived and worked under considerably different conditions than other Royal Slaves across the Caribbean.