中国旅游安全探究——基于CiteSpace的文献计量分析

旅游安全是旅游发展的生命线,旅游安全研究对降低旅游风险、提高旅游安全保障水平具有重要理论和现实意义.本文以1999-2021年中文期刊全文数据库的相关文献作为研究数据,使用可视化技术软件生成关键词聚类等图谱对该领域进行分析,探索中国旅游安全领域的发展历程、现状及热点.研究发现,旅游安全领域基础理论和体系的架构已基本完善.目前,中国旅游安全研究网络分支众多,但前沿分支较少且各连接度较弱,本文从国内旅游安全的研究主题中梳理出4条主要演化路径:"安全问题的缘起"演变、"安全问题的行业实践"发展、"研究安全问题的架构"搭建和"安全问题的理论拓展"路径,希望为我国旅游安全理论和实践相结合提供借鉴.     

全面提升我国旅游安全质量控制管理系统的构建与运用研究

围绕如何防止我国旅游安全质量事故发生问题,本文首先基于旅游产业特点与法规视角对我国旅游安全质量概念进行了研究与界定.其次,对我国重大的旅游安全质量事故发生的原因进行了分析,发现其中的重要原因是对旅游安全质量事故偏重事后的反馈控制管理,忽略或缺乏完善的前馈控制管理、同期的实时控制管理、对监管者的监管系统,缺乏明确与全面的责任主体和社会治理系统,缺乏能激励责任主体正确作为的有效动力系统,由此提出了需要研究与建设全面提升我国旅游安全质量控制管理系统问题.第三,运用旅游安全质量概念、系统论、控制论、利益相关者理论、社会责任与治理理论、行为学与旅游安全的相关法规,结合旅游安全质量管理的特点与问题,对全面提升我国旅游安全质量的控制管理系统进行了深入研究,构建了全面提升我国旅游安全质量管理的前馈控制系统、同期实时监管控制系统、反馈控制系统、对监管者的监管系统、责任主体与社会治理系统、责任主体的动力系统、分类管理系统.同时,以荣获“国家旅游局全国旅游标准化示范单位”称号的河南云台山5A级景区旅游安全质量管理的最佳实践为例,本文对如何运用全面提升我国旅游安全质量控制管理系统的举措进行了研究说明.最后,运用制度变迁理论,说明了推广采用全面提升我国旅游安全质量控制管理系统的步骤.     

女性旅游安全研究进展与启示

随着女性旅游市场的发展,女性旅游者安全问题日益明显。但目前针对这方面的研究还很有限,从世界范围看,世界各国和地区的女性旅游研究普遍存在着理论创新落后于现实发展的状况,女性旅游安全研究更是如此;从国内看,我国关于女性旅游安全研究几近空白,然而相关媒体对女性旅游安全事故的报道却屡见报端;从国外研究现状看,目前针对女性旅游安全研究的文章主要集中在旅游安全感知、风险认知、女性性旅游中的不安全行为、孕妇旅游安全的保障和风险等角度。因此,总体来讲,国内外学者对女性旅游安全研究尚处于初级阶段,研究深度和广度有待扩展和加强。
本文在搜集国内外相关资料的基础上,对近20多年来的研究成果进行了梳理、归类和总结,从女性旅游者的心理不安全感、不安全旅游行为、安全事故、安全预防四个方面对相关文献进行了分析、研究和评述,并针对目前的研究现状对女性旅游安全研究的趋势和必要性进行了预测和分析,旨在进一步丰富旅游安全的理论内容,并为女性旅游安全问题的后续研究提供建议和参考。     

游客旅游安全认知研究——以张家界为例

近年来,旅游安全事故频发,暴露出旅游业当前面临着严峻的旅游安全问题。本文从游客角度出发,以张家界为研究对象,采用问卷调查的方式,对游客基本特征与旅游安全认知的关系进行研究。研究结果显示:游客基本特征与旅游安全认知存在相关性;旅游主要环节因素、客观环境因素和主观安全感知因素是影响游客安全认知评价的主要因素。     

我国高风险旅游项目的安全管理体系研究

我国高风险旅游的开展需要科学的安全管理体系作为支撑.研究比较了高风险旅游活动与高风险旅游项目的异同,从管理角度分析了高风险旅游项目的风险成因,指出了我国高风险旅游项目在安全管理中的结构性缺陷.以此为基础,研究提出了我国高风险旅游项目的分类管理体系,阐述了实施分类管理的法律基础,并构建了高风险旅游项目的安全管理路线图.     

我国沿海岛屿旅游发展与安全管理

本文分析了我国沿海岛屿旅游的类型与特点,总结了我国沿海岛屿旅游发展的三个阶段和旅游发展的三种模式;分析了岛屿旅游安全的特征、岛屿旅游安全表现形态和岛屿旅游存在的安全问题,提出了沿海岛屿旅游安全管理措施。     

持续推进浙江省旅游标准化建设的思考

本文基于浙江省旅游标准化建设工作中存在的诸多问题,并在旅游基础、旅游质量、旅游资质、旅游设施、旅游安全和卫生及旅游环境保护等方面,构建起相对完整的旅游标准化体系,以此持续推进浙江省旅游标准化建设工作,充分带动浙江省的旅游产业下游发展,以期为相关领域从业人员的研究和实践提供一定的参考。     

基于PSR模型的西宁市旅游生态安全评价探究

本文基于压力-状态-响应(Pressure-State-Response,PSR)模型,从社会、旅游、生态三方面构建旅游生态安全评价指标体系,通过熵权逼近理想解排序(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)法对青海省西宁市旅游生态安全进行实证研究.结果表明:西宁市旅游生态安全整体处于临界安全级,各子系统发展趋势差异较大,其中响应系统指数增长显著.     

旅游安全问题的成因分析及应对策略

<正>本文针对近年来发生的旅游安全问题,揭示旅游安全工作面临的新形式新挑战,对旅游安全事故的成因进行深入分析,从宣传教育、法制建设、危机管理、应急救助、商业保险等等方面提出旅游安全应对策略,从而实现旅游安全风险防范。随着我国经济建设的发展,国民生活水平不断提高,居民消费能力快速增长,旅游已成为人们生活中的重要组成部分。伴随着旅游活动的丰富和出游方式的变化,各类旅游安全事故的发生概率也不断增加,旅游安全已成为社会各界日益关注的焦点问题。     

旅游安全管理现状分析与对策思考

安全是旅游业的生命线.文章从旅游安全的地位和作用入手,多方面辩证地分析了目前的旅游安全管理状况,提出了旅游安全管理的对策建议.     

Climate change,human security and violent conflict

Climate change is increasingly been called a ‘security’ problem, and there has been speculation that climate change may increase the risk of violent conflict. This paper integrates three disparate but well-founded bodies of research – on the vulnerability of local places and social groups to climate change, on livelihoods and violent conflict, and the role of the state in development and peacemaking, to offer new insights into the relationships between climate change, human security, and violent conflict. It explains that climate change increasingly undermines human security in the present day, and will increasingly do so in the future, by reducing access to, and the quality of, natural resources that are important to sustain livelihoods. Climate change is also likely to undermine the capacity of states to provide the opportunities and services that help people to sustain their livelihoods. We argue that in certain circumstances these direct and indirect impacts of climate change on human security may in turn increase the risk of violent conflict. The paper then outlines the broad contours of a research programme to guide empirical investigations into the risks climate change poses to human security and peace.     

Assessing China's approach to regional multilateral security cooperation

This article analyses factors that cause China to have different approaches to different regional multilateral security institutions. Current research not only has little to say about China's motivation to participate, but also little regarding the level of its participation in or support for regional security institutions. To explain why China's post-cold war participation in regional multilateral security institutions varies, this article argues that threat levels help explain China's conditions for participating in multilateral security institutions, and security interests help explain China's behaviour as a member of such institutions. The author stresses that these are useful variables that can explain China's behaviour with respect to regional multilateral security institutions. In the foreseeable future, China's general posture toward regional multilateral security cooperation will be passive participation and strong support. Australia should not only consider strategies which emphasise strengthened bilateral relationships between Canberra and Beijing, but also continue to positively support regional multilateral security institutions.     

The politics of water security in southern Saskatchewan

This paper examines long-term water and resource management in Saskatchewan. Agriculture has long sustained Saskatchewan's economy, but the province experienced a resource boom in oil and potash in the 2008–2015 time period. What potential water-related risks are posed by oil and potash? And is the province able to balance the short-term economic gains of these developments with the long-term goal of water security? The research is based on interviews with policy elites in the province of Saskatchewan and argues that four factors explain why the government continues to favour industry over water security: low-issue salience, economic and political interest, ideology, and political culture.     

Memory Politics and Ontological Security in Sino-Japanese Relations

Most international relations (IR) research on the role of collective memory and representations of the past gives the impression that these primarily matter for states constrained internationally by their history as aggressors, such as Japan. How former perpetrator states represent the past is seen as important for bilateral relations because it may affect perceptions in previously victimised states. Representations of the past in the victimised states are seldom dealt with. This article argues that war memory in victimised states is also highly relevant for bilateral relations, since it is closely connected to “ontological security”, or the “security of identity”. By analysing Chinese official documents and Japanese parliamentary debates the article shows how the Chinese government has used representations of the past for ontological security purposes, and how in response Japanese political actors have politicised exhibits at Chinese war museums that are seen as a threat to Japanese identity and interests.     

Fears for the future: the incommensurability of securitisation and in/securities among southern African youth

Abstract

Over the past two decades, southern Africa has experienced both exceptionally high AIDS prevalence and recurrent food shortages. International institutions have responded to these challenges by framing them as security concerns that demand urgent intervention. Young people are implicated in both crises and drawn into the securitisation discourse as agents (of risk and protection) and as (potential) victims. However, the concepts of security deployed by global institutions and translated into national policy do not reflect the ways in/security is experienced ‘on the ground’ as a subjective and embodied orientation to the future. This paper brings work on youth temporalities to bear on social and cultural geographies of in/security and securitisation. It reports on research that explored insecurities among young people in Lesotho and Malawi. It concludes that, by focusing on ‘threats’ in isolation, and seeking to protect ‘society’ as an abstract aggregate of people, global securitisation discourses fail either to engage with the complex contextualised ways in which marginalised people experience insecurity or to proffer the political responses that are needed if those felt insecurities are to be addressed. However, while securitisation is problematic, in/security is nonetheless an important element in young people’s orientation to the future.     

粮食安全:中国的还是全球的?——基于海外新中国粮食安全的研究视域

新中国成立以来,海外对新中国粮食安全研究的视域随着形势的变化而变化。进入20世纪90年代中期以来,随着中国经济的飞速发展和人口增长惯性的推动,在中国日益融入经济全球化的历史条件下,海外学者对中国粮食安全研究的视域从关注中国自身的粮食安全转移到了关注中国粮食安全与全球性粮食安全的关联,中国粮食安全被置于全球粮食安全的分析框架内,成为全球粮食安全的重要组成部分。     

Rural income transfer programs and rural household food security in Ethiopia

Based on household food security surveys conducted in Ethiopia, this study seeks to understand the roles and limitations of income transfer projects as determinants of households’ food security. By covering the Food-For-Work Programs (FFWPs) and the Productive Safety Net Programs (PSNPs), the study shows that these programs served as temporary safety nets for food availability, but they were limited in boosting the dietary diversity of households and their coping strategies. Households which participated in the programs increased their supply of food as a temporary buffer to seasonal asset depletion. However, participation in the programs was marred by inclusion error (food-secure households were included) and exclusion error (food-insecure households were excluded). Income transfer projects alone were not robust determinants of household food security. Rather, socio-demographic variables of education and family size as well as agricultural input of land size were found to be significant in accounting for changes in households’ food security. The programs in the research sites were funded through foreign aid, and the findings of the study imply the need to reexamine the approaches adopted by bilateral donors in allocating aid to Ethiopia. At the same time the study underscores the need to improve domestic policy framework in terms of engendering rural local institutional participation in project management.     

‘A good wife stays home’: gendered negotiations over state agricultural programmes,upland Vietnam

Rural and livelihood studies, alongside development organisations, are stressing the importance of gender awareness in debates over food security, food crises and land tenure. Yet, within the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, these gender dynamics are frequently disregarded. In Vietnam, rice is intimately linked to the country's food security. Over the last decade, rice export levels, production methods, and local and global market prices have remained constant preoccupations for governmental and development agencies. Steadfast official approval for agricultural technologies and intensification has seen the domestic growth and importation of hybrid varieties of rice and maize seeds. Yet, the impacts of these technologies on upland ethnic minority rice producers and consumers in Vietnam have been overlooked. For these women and men, such as Hmong and Yao farmers, food security is a daily concern for their near-subsistence livelihoods. While strongly encouraged to grow these new seeds, insufficient research has examined the social realities and experiences of these upland minority groups. Moreover, how such agrarian policies and practices are being implicated in reconfiguring gender roles, relations and identities through transformations to individual and household livelihoods has been ignored. In this article, we focus on the gendered consequences of the government's hybrid rice programme for upland farmers. We reveal recent impacts on family relations, including rising intergenerational tensions across genders, and shifting responsibilities and new negotiations between young spouses. These dynamics are further complicated by household economic status, as household members access specific opportunities available to them to improve everyday food security.     

Land Tenure Insecurity and Inequality in Nicaragua

This article uses empirical data from a case study in rural Nicaragua to demonstrate the need for a conceptualization of tenure security as seen from the perspective of the landholder. A large group of farmers in the case study area perceive their tenure situation as being insecure despite the fact that they possess a legal title to their land. The article argues that more attention must be paid to aspects such as inequalities of wealth and power, lack of enforcement and lack of impartiality on the part of the formal institutions when addressing tenure security in an institutionally unstable setting, such as that found in Nicaragua. The article contributes to the ongoing discussion by arguing that future research on how to increase rural land tenure security should explore the concept of tenure security as experienced by farmers.     

Total security as threat: The blurring of hard and soft security in northern Europe

Part of the rapid change in thinking about security and security policy is occurring in northern Europe. Notions of “hard” and “soft” security are being implemented, most notably in the Visby Process of the Baltic Sea states. These variations of national security also interact with those of the United States and NATO. The direction of US security policy is called “total security” in the paper. The content of US policy is discussed as a contradiction of the basis for identifying hard and soft security. The blurring of these concepts contributes to the threatening character of total security. Implementation of measures to ensure total security involves the creation of pervasive and comprehensive intelligence gathering mechanisms that, because of their lack of sharply defined targets, has the potential for threatening the security of individuals for the sake of preserving national security.