广西革新桥遗址出土的石拍研究

革新桥遗址是一处新石器时代石器制造场遗址。2002年10月至2003年1月发掘,出土数以万计的石制品,还发现两座墓葬。年代为距今6000-5500年前。本文对该遗址中出土的一件石拍进行观察,并就其制作工艺及功能和用途进行探讨。     

磨盘墩石钻研究

1982年春,南京博物院和丹徒县文管会在丹徒县磨盘墩发掘出一处距今5,000年左右的新石器时代遗址,出土了大量打制石器、磨制石器、陶器和玉饰品。其中最引人注目的是打制石器中的石钻,其数量之丰富、加工之精致、种类之繁多,不只在江苏,而且在全国也属罕见。因此,有必要对这批石钻作深入的研究,以解决这一发现所反映的新课题。 这里出土的石钻共422件,占全部石器工具的74.6％。均由黑色燧石制成。加工方法主要采用锤击法,少量使用砸击法,微细修理也可能出压制法进行。一般都是先将石片粗制成具棱脊的坯件,然后再作精细的修整。 从石钻的大小长短来看,有长身钻、短身钻和微形钻之分。如根据棱脊特点分类,有     

辽宁新民市偏堡子遗址青铜时代遗存

2010年7月至9月,多家单位联合对偏堡子遗址进行了主动发掘。在遗址第Ⅱ发掘区清理了青铜时代墓葬6座,出土陶器12件,同时发掘了灰沟、灰坑若干,出土了陶器、骨器、石器等。这批材料具有高台山文化和新乐上层文化的因素,同时又有较强的地域性和时代性,为研究本地青铜时代的文化面貌提供了新的材料。     

安徽东至县华龙洞旧石器时代遗址出土石制品研究

安徽东至县华龙洞遗址于2006年进行第一次发掘,出土120件石制品。这些石器类型多样且功能存在明显分化,工具以中、小型为主,器物毛坯根据工具类型大小而存在分化,刮削器在石器工具类型中数量最多,石器工业面貌与南方砾石工业传统不甚相同。根据出土动物群化石与古人类化石特征,初步判定属更新世中期。根据遗址无生产石器的工具且废片、碎屑较少的特点,推断遗址性质可能并非最初报道的石器加工场,考虑2006年发掘未发现明显的火塘、砾石堆等遗迹现象,推测华龙洞遗址的性质接近于临时活动地点。     

京山屈家岭遗址第三次发掘遗存的制陶工艺和年代问题

京山屈家岭遗址第三次发掘遗存的制陶工艺和年代问题李文杰１９９０年４月笔者在湖北省文物考古研究所考察了《屈家岭遗址第三次发掘》①出土的陶器,曾得到林邦存先生的热情帮助。同年９月１１日至１４日,“湖北省新石器时代考古新发现和研究成果交流”学术讨论会在江陵...     

金沙遗址出土的两件文物介绍

2006年6月10日,为纪念第一个中国文化遗产日,中央电视台“中国记忆—中国文化遗产日”对出土太阳神鸟金饰(金饰上的太阳神鸟图案在2005年8月16日被公布为中国文化遗产标志)的金沙遗址进行了考古发掘的现场直播行动。这次直播行动取得了圆满成功,共出土了金器、铜器、玉器、石器、象牙等珍贵文物200余件。其中有两件文物尤为引人注目:一件是刻有肩扛象牙跪坐人像的平行四边形玉器,一件是石磬。     

广东普宁龟山先秦遗址2009年的发掘

龟山遗址位于广东省普宁市东南郊马栅村,2009年5～10月广东省文物考古研究所与普宁市博物馆联合对其进行了发掘,发掘面积为3500平方米。此次发掘共清理各类遗迹20处,出土器物有陶器、石器、玉器、铜器,其中以陶器、石器为主。根据出土器物的类型、形制、纹饰、组合等将龟山遗址的文化遗存分为三期,第一期的年代稍晚于虎头埔遗址的年代,第二期处于后山文化较晚的阶段,第三期的年代相当于西周中期至春秋时期。     

湖北清江香炉石遗址的发掘

湖北清江隔河岩考古队1987年春至1989年发掘的香炉石遗址,出土先商、商、周时期的遗物近万件,尤以第4～6层的卜骨最为珍贵。这些卜骨大多以鱼的腮骨为原料,凿孔呈椭圆形或长方形,经烧灼,有的有兆纹,第4层出土的两枚陶“印章”也很有特色。发掘者认为,以此遗址为代表的文化遗存可定名为“香炉石文化”。     

内蒙古赤峰市二道井子遗址的发掘

2009年4～11月,内蒙古文物考古研究所对赤峰市红山区二道井子遗址进行了考古发掘。清理城墙、环壕、院落、房屋、道路、窖穴、灰坑、墓葬等遗迹305处,出土陶器、石器、骨器、玉器等遗物1千余件。该遗址的发掘,为夏家店下层文化聚落考古的深入研究提供了科学依据。     

新乐文化石器制作工艺考察

新乐文化是下辽河流域目前已知最早的新石器时代文化。新乐遗址在考古发掘中,出土大量石器、陶器、玉器、玛瑙、煤精制品等遗物,其中石器出土数量最大、种类最多。本文对新乐遗址出土的石网坠、石磨盘、磨棒、石镞等各类石器,从石材选用、制作工艺技术、用途及其反映的社会经济形态等问题进行了初步的分析与探讨。     

Lead pigments and related tools at Akrotiri,Thera, Greece. Provenance and application techniques

This paper refers to an investigation of finds that are associated with the raw materials and tools for the preparation or use of lead pigments at Akrotiri on Thera, Greece, during the Early, Middle and Late Cycladic Bronze Age (c. 3000–1600 BC). For the detection and the preliminary characterisation of remains of pigments that were found on stone tools, the in situ application of X-Ray Fluorescence spectroscopy proved to be invaluable. In order to identify the chemical composition of the pigments and to investigate their provenance from a geological perspective, quantitative X-Ray Diffraction analysis was conducted. A thorough visual macro and microscopic examination of the morphology of the materials permitted the determination of physical features (colour, homogeneity, grain size) as indicators of their nature or degree of processing. Based on the results of these analyses, the traces of lead oxides that were detected on the stone tools are associated with specific collections of litharge items discovered at the settlement of Akrotiri, and probably provide evidence of their earliest use in preparing pigments.     

The origins of lithic projectile point technology: evidence from Africa,the Levant,and Europe

Projectile weaponry is a human cultural universal, but its origins and antiquity remain poorly understood. Stone- and bone-tipped projectile weapons have long been treated as emergent features of the "Upper Paleolithic" behavioral revolution. Recently it has been proposed that projectile technology was in widespread use among Homo sapiens populations in Africa during Middle Stone Age (MSA) times. One obstacle to researching the origins of projectile point technology is that the criteria archaeologists employ for recognizing plausible and implausible stone projectile points are largely subjective (overall tool shape, microwear traces). Tip cross-sectional area (TCSA) is a ballistically significant dimension that works well at discriminating North American stone projectile points (spearthrower dart tips and arrowheads) from spear points. This paper compares the TCSA values of ethnographic North American stone projectile points to hypothetical Middle and Upper Paleolithic stone projectile points from Africa, the Levant, and Europe. The results of this comparison do not support the hypothesis of widespread use of stone-tipped projectiles in Africa, the Levant, or Europe prior to 40 Ka. In the New World and in Australia, where we have the richest ethnographic record of stone projectile point use, these implements are largely employed in big-game hunting and in warfare. One or both of these factors may have played a role in the widespread adoption of stone projectile point technology after 40 Ka.     

试论作为长城"原型"的北方早期石城带

在新石器时代和青铜时代早期,长城沿线的内蒙古中南部、陕北、内蒙古东南部、辽西等地分布有若干石城带,这些石城带基本上都位于当时农业、半农业文化区的北缘,受到气候环境变迁的影响而南北略有移动,其重要功能之一是为了防御北方民族的南侵。由于这些特点与长城有可比之处,故可称其为长城的"原型"。     

2002年度香港西贡沙下遗址C02区和DⅡ02区考古发掘简报

20 0 2年 ,香港古物古迹办事处和河南省文物考古研究所联合在香港发掘西贡沙下遗址 ,发掘面积达 70 0平方米。发现有新石器时代晚期、青铜时代和宋元代的遗存。遗迹中属新石器时代晚期有房址、灰坑等 ,青铜时代有房址、灰坑、石器制造场、灰沟等 ,宋元代有灰坑。遗物中有不同时代的石器、陶器、硬陶器、瓷器、釉陶器等。     

First discovery of ancient soft‐stone (chlorite) vessel production in Arabia: Aqir al‐Shamoos (Oman)

Soft‐stone vessels are a prominent feature of ancient culture throughout south‐east Arabia and the Gulf. Chlorite and steatite occur naturally in the al‐Hajar Mountains of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Oman; but until now, apart from the discovery of a few unfinished pieces, ancient production of soft‐stone vessels had yet to be documented in Arabia. This paper reports the discovery and preliminary analysis of soft‐stone vessel production at the site of Aqir al‐Shamoos. At this small and secluded mountain village, a range of soft‐stone vessels that are well known in the south‐east Arabian Iron Age were produced on a scale far beyond what was needed for local consumption.     

四川汉源县麦坪遗址2008年发掘简报

2008年度对麦坪遗址的发掘,共清理房址5座、墓葬13座、灰坑102座,出土陶器、石器、铜器等各类遗物200余件。该遗址是大渡河中游地区的一处中心聚落,本次工作区分出四类不同的文化遗存,对遗址的分期和年代有了更深刻的认识,为研究本区域的考古学文化谱系提供了重要资料。     

Moving metals or indigenous mining? Provenancing Scandinavian Bronze Age artefacts by lead isotopes and trace elements

The aim of this study is to further the discussion as to whether copper was extracted locally or imported to Sweden during the Bronze Age or if both of these practices could have coexisted. For this purpose, we have carried out lead isotope and chemical analyses of 33 bronze items, dated between 1600BC and 700BC. Among these are the famous Fröslunda shields and the large scrap hoard from Bräckan and other items from three regions in southern Sweden which are also renowned for their richness in copper ores. It is obvious from a comparison that the element and lead isotope compositions of the studied bronze items diverge greatly from those of spatially associated copper ores. Nor is there any good resemblance with other ores from Scandinavia, and it is concluded that the copper in these items must have been imported from elsewhere. The results furthermore indicate that there are variations in metal supply that are related to chronology, in agreement with other artefacts from Scandinavia as well as from other parts of Europe. Altogether these circumstances open up for a discussion regarding Scandinavia’s role in the maritime networks during the Bronze Age.     

中国中东部新石器中晚期玉文化遗址分布的时空特征

新石器中晚期(8000～3000a B.P.)玉器从石器中分出形成相对独立的玉文化.玉文化遗址是玉文化保留至今的载体,本文通过田野考古资料结合陆地卫星遥感图像分析技术探讨我国中东部各流域玉文化遗址的时空分布特征,得出如下结论:(1)玉文化扩散包括扩展扩散和迁移扩散两种形式;(2)玉文化扩散具有纬度扩散性、经度扩散性和垂...     

THE SYMBOLIC AND SOCIAL MEANINGS OF THE INTERMEDIATE BRONZE AGE COPPER DAGGERS

Abstract

The transformation of hard, durable natural substances, such as stone or metal, into cultural objects with symbolic value has played an important role in human social development. This paper attempts to understand the symbolic and social meanings of copper daggers during the Intermediate Bronze Age, and the reasons for their widespread use within a burial context. A multidisciplinary approach is taken, combining and processing different areas of research, and employing a range of archaeological and ethnographic parallels. This paper allows also for a more comprehensive understanding of the social organisation during the Intermediate Bronze Age.     

Experimental protocols for the study of battered stone anvils from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania)

Percussive activities are highly relevant in the economy of modern hunter-gatherer societies and other primates, and are likely to have been equally important during the Palaeolithic. Despite the potential relevance of percussive activities in the Early Stone Age, attempts to study battered artefacts are still rare. In order to establish protocols of analysis of battered tools, this paper pursues an interdisciplinary approach combining techno-typological, refit, use-wear and GIS studies of experimental anvils from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania). The main aim is to classify types of damage on battered artefacts according to the percussive task performed, and hence identify patterns that can be used to interpret the Oldowan and Acheulean evidence. Our results indicate that abrasion marks on anvil surfaces are typical of nut cracking, while bone breaking leaves characteristic scars and abrasion marks on the edges of anvils. Pounding of soft materials such as meat and plants also causes battering of anvils, producing morphological and spatial patterns that can be discerned from the heavy breakage of anvils during bipolar flaking. By integrating macroscopic, microscopic and spatial analyses of experimental stone tools, this paper contributes to create a referential framework in which Early Stone Age battered artefacts can be interpreted.