白金宝遗址(1986年)出土的动物遗存研究

本文通过白金宝遗址1986年发掘出土的动物骨骼遗存进行了动物种属的鉴定与描述、骨骼上的人工痕迹分析、骨角蚌器的工艺流程、生业模式分析和生态环境等项研究,可以确知当时居民的生产、生活、经济结构、手工业的技术水平以及遗址周围的生态环境等信息,为进一步全面了解该文化内涵提供了宝贵的资料.     

水工环地质技术在地质灾害治理中的应用

水工环地质技术是地质灾害防治工作当中非常重要的技术工作环节,地质灾害的产生通常情况下和地质结构条件有着密切的关联。因此,在研究工作过程中需,要针对水文地质条件、工程地质条件以及当地区域的环境地质条件进行深入分析和研究,准确探查地质灾害产生的具体原因,并且以此为基础合理使用水工环地质技术,展开地质灾害的相关防控治理工作。由于水文地质条件、工程地质条件和环境地质条件之间存在着非常密切的关联,因此在地质灾害的防治工作当中,必须要准确探查水文地质条件、程地质条件以及环境地质条件相互之间存在的关系,充分发挥出水工环地质技术的使用优势,为地质灾害的防治工作打下良好的基础。     

长江中游新石器时期陶窑分类与初步研究

陶窑的产生与发展,对于陶器的烧制有着重要的影响。而陶窑的研究对于新石器时期的考古学研究,尤其是制陶工艺的研究,具有十分重要的意义。本文在对长江中游新石器时期陶窑资料收集整理的基础上,对其进行分类研究,并对大溪文化、屈家岭文化、石家河文化陶窑的演变以及湘西北鄂西南、鄂西北豫西南两个区域的陶窑进行纵向演变分析以及横向比较研究。     

史前穿孔技术初论

通过分析,我们基本上可以认为穿孔技术在旧石器时代中期已经产生,而最初发明这项技术的是五万年前欧洲的尼安德特人,最初的穿孔技术产生以后,拜没有马上被广泛利用。至旧石器时代晚期早段,穿孔技术才较为普遍,欧洲及西伯利亚等地有许多遗址都发现了穿孔的器物。到旧石器时代晚期后段时期,穿孔技术更加成熟,并陆续传播到中国、日本列岛及朝鲜半岛。     

淮河下游新石器时代的绚丽画卷──龙虬庄遗址与江淮地区古文化学术座谈会专家发言纪要

江淮东部是介于海岱地区和太湖地区之间的一个重要的考古学文化区。自５０年代初在江淮东部发现淮安青莲岗遗址并由此提出青莲岗文化的命名以来,江淮地区的考古工作始终受到考古学界的高度关注。而高邮龙虬庄遗址被评为１９９３年中国十大考古新发现之后,在考古学界也产生了较大的影响。围绕龙虬庄遗址的考古发现,探讨江淮东部原始文化和青莲岗文化,以及淮河流域古文化,对于推动中国考古学研究向纵深发展,有着积极的意义。在高邮召开的龙虬庄遗址与江淮地区古文化的座谈会上,来自北京和苏鲁豫皖浙的专家各抒己见,本刊将座谈会上有代表性的专家的发言经整理后以纪要的形式刊出,旨在对江苏乃至淮河流域的考古工作起到积极的推动作用。     

环北部湾地区铜鼓文化的起源与分布

文章阐述环北部湾地区铜鼓的起源与分布状况,挖掘和研究环北部湾地区的铜鼓文化。     

环渤海地区的早期新石器文化与海岸变迁──环渤海环境考古之二

从世界范围看,人类历史进入新石器时代是伴随距今１２０００年前后全球气候变暖全新世到来之际才发生的,而在环渤海地区,这一过程还伴随着渤海从陆地到海洋的剧烈环境变迁。如果说渤海的这一沧桑巨变过去离我们还非常洪荒遥远的话,那么在环渤海地区不断发现早期新石器文化遗址的今天,它已越来越走近我们的视野了②。９０年代以来,相关考古资料进一步增加并趋细化系统化,使深入考察环渤海地区早期新石器文化的发展与海岸变迁的互动关系成为可能并日显迫切。笔者不揣浅陋,拟在前人基础上从分析兴隆洼文化与小珠山下层文化的关系入手,…     

政府绩效管理与“环三”发展战略

为了加快海峡西岸经济区建设,宁德市围绕环三都澳区域发展战略,以科学发展观为统领,针对政府自身存在的问题,积极引入绩效管理机制,加强政府自身建设和管理创新,在政府及其部门绩效管理上进行了有益的探索和尝试,关于如何推动了政府工作的完善和发展,本文提出了几点政策建议。     

环太湖地区与中原地区文明化进程的宏观比较

环太湖地区文明化进程大致开始于良渚文化早期,至西周春秋时期才逐渐进入真正的文明社会。环太湖地区的文明化进程波折起伏较大,有着兴盛-衰落-再复兴的曲折过程,然而中原地区则是连续的不断的稳定的螺旋式发展过程。     

环艺设计专业的艺术性探讨

环境艺术是物质文明和精神文明的载体,具有丰富的文体内涵和科技含量,代表了中国先进文化的前进方向和先进生产力的发展要求,环艺设计本身是为了美化人们生存空间,提升人们生活品质,这一点集中体现在了其艺术性的表达上面。为此,本文主要对环艺设计专业的艺术性探讨。     

中国中东部新石器中晚期玉文化遗址分布的时空特征

新石器中晚期(8000～3000a B.P.)玉器从石器中分出形成相对独立的玉文化.玉文化遗址是玉文化保留至今的载体,本文通过田野考古资料结合陆地卫星遥感图像分析技术探讨我国中东部各流域玉文化遗址的时空分布特征,得出如下结论:(1)玉文化扩散包括扩展扩散和迁移扩散两种形式;(2)玉文化扩散具有纬度扩散性、经度扩散性和垂...     

河南龙山时代和早期青铜时代考古六十年

河南位于中原腹地,在龙山时代和早期青铜时代,河南的龙山文化和二里头文化在中华文明起源与发展进程中,对以中原为中心的趋势的形成和夏王朝的建立,起着举足轻重的作用。对新中国成立60年来,河南的龙山文化和二里头文化的考古发现和研究成果的回顾和总结,将有利于我们对中华文明形成的机制、动力和规律等问题作持续的新的探索。     

Technological change in the Earlier and Middle Stone Age of Kalambo Falls (Zambia)

This paper reviews data on technological change in the manufacture of stone tools from the Earlier Stone Age (ESA) to Middle Stone Age (MSA including Sangoan) deposits at Site A, Kalambo Falls, Zambia. Data on flake and tool morphology, dimensions, and raw material are discussed It is concluded that there is little change, at this site, in the basic techniques of blank production or the attributes of the blanks produced from the ESA to the MSA. The only marked change to occur is the loss of large cutting tools (hand axes, cleavers) and their replacement by heavy-duty forms (core axes, picks). It is hypothesized that this change marks a decline in portability as a factor in the design of large edge tools.

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Résumé Cet article donne un compte rendu des donnés sur la change technologique dans la fabrication des outils lithiques en les dépôts du Earlier Stone Age (ESA) jusqu'a la Middle Stone Age (MSA, qui comprit la Sangoan) au gisement A, Kalambo Falls, Zambia. Des donnés sur la morphologie, les dimensions et les matériaux des éclats et des outils sont examinées. Il est inféré qu'il y a peu de changement, à ce gisement, dans le techniques élémentaires de la fabrication des supports ou dans les attributs des supports taillés du ESA jusqu'a MSA. Le seule change qui se présent ç'est la perte des gros outils pour couper (bifaces, hachereaux) et leur remplacement par des formes plus substantiels (core axes, pics). On fait l'hypothèse que ce changement indique une déclin de portabilité comme facteur dans le dessein des outils avec des grands tranchants.

     

The origins of lithic projectile point technology: evidence from Africa,the Levant,and Europe

Projectile weaponry is a human cultural universal, but its origins and antiquity remain poorly understood. Stone- and bone-tipped projectile weapons have long been treated as emergent features of the "Upper Paleolithic" behavioral revolution. Recently it has been proposed that projectile technology was in widespread use among Homo sapiens populations in Africa during Middle Stone Age (MSA) times. One obstacle to researching the origins of projectile point technology is that the criteria archaeologists employ for recognizing plausible and implausible stone projectile points are largely subjective (overall tool shape, microwear traces). Tip cross-sectional area (TCSA) is a ballistically significant dimension that works well at discriminating North American stone projectile points (spearthrower dart tips and arrowheads) from spear points. This paper compares the TCSA values of ethnographic North American stone projectile points to hypothetical Middle and Upper Paleolithic stone projectile points from Africa, the Levant, and Europe. The results of this comparison do not support the hypothesis of widespread use of stone-tipped projectiles in Africa, the Levant, or Europe prior to 40 Ka. In the New World and in Australia, where we have the richest ethnographic record of stone projectile point use, these implements are largely employed in big-game hunting and in warfare. One or both of these factors may have played a role in the widespread adoption of stone projectile point technology after 40 Ka.     

Stone circles and the structure of Bronze Age society

Analyses of modern human societies have consistently demonstrated the presence of recurrent grouping levels forming a nested, hierarchical structure. That this structure exists in both hunter-gatherer and western industrialized societies suggests that it may be a fundamental organizing principle of considerable antiquity. Stone circles are perceived as being foci of aggregation for prehistoric groups and thus provide a proxy for the sizes of those aggregations. Combining an empirical analysis of a sample of 140 stone circles with a Monte Carlo simulation model that derives expectations for a continuous size distribution based on the nested hierarchy concept, the current paper suggests that similar organizing principles were already in place during the Bronze Age. Furthermore, it is suggested that findings traditionally attributed to the operation of the ‘rank-size rule’ may in fact reflect the basic underlying structure of human society.     

A useful measure of the desirability of different raw materials for retouch within and between assemblages: the raw material retouch index (RMRI)

Due to their predictable fracture and the quality of the edge that can be produced on them, fine-grained raw materials such as chert have long been favoured by prehistoric toolmakers for the production of relatively small retouched artefacts. It is common to find far higher frequencies of retouch in such materials than is the case in all other rock types. In order to quantify the desirability of different materials for retouch I propose a simple index relating the frequency of retouched tools in a raw material to the frequency of that material in the entire assemblage. Using the ‘raw material retouch index’ (RMRI) one can compare relative raw material desirability both within and between assemblages.     

四川汉源县麦坪遗址2008年发掘简报

2008年度对麦坪遗址的发掘,共清理房址5座、墓葬13座、灰坑102座,出土陶器、石器、铜器等各类遗物200余件。该遗址是大渡河中游地区的一处中心聚落,本次工作区分出四类不同的文化遗存,对遗址的分期和年代有了更深刻的认识,为研究本区域的考古学文化谱系提供了重要资料。     

The Middle and Later Stone Age faunal remains from Diepkloof Rock Shelter,Western Cape,South Africa

The faunal sample from the Middle Stone Age (MSA) and overlying Later Stone Age (LSA) deposits of Diepkloof Rock Shelter (Western Cape Province, South Africa) includes at least 40 taxa, mostly mammals, but also tortoises, snakes, birds (especially ostrich represented by eggshell), and intertidal mollusks. The LSA sample contains only species that occurred nearby historically, including domestic sheep, which LSA people introduced to the region by 1800 years ago. In contrast, like other Western Cape MSA faunas, the Diepkloof MSA sample has more species and it is especially notable for five large extralimital grazing species. These imply a greater-than-historic role for grasses in the local vegetation, particularly in the post-Howiesons Poort (latest MSA) interval where the grazers appear most abundant. Extreme fragmentation and dark-staining impedes analysis of the MSA bones, but cut-marks, abundant burning, and numerous associated artifacts suggest that people were the main accumulators. Rare coprolites imply that carnivores could have contributed some bones, and concentrations of small mammal bones, particularly near the bottom of the MSA sequence, suggest a role for raptors. Tortoise bones are common throughout the sequence, and the MSA specimens tend to be especially large, as in other MSA assemblages. The LSA specimens are smaller, probably because LSA human populations were denser and preyed on tortoises more intensively. The most surprising aspect of the Diepkloof assemblage is its marine component. The coast is currently 14 km away and it would have been even more distant during much of the MSA when sea levels were often lower. Intertidal mollusks, particularly black mussels and granite limpets, are concentrated in the LSA and in the Late and Post-Howiesons Poort layers. Only LSA shells are complete enough for measurement, and the limpets are small as at other LSA sites. The implication is again for more intense LSA collection by relatively dense human populations. Both the LSA and MSA deposits also contain bones of shorebirds and Cape fur seals. Whale barnacles and occasional dolphin bones indicate that MSA people scavenged beached cetaceans.     

辽宁西丰县东沟遗址及墓葬发掘简报

2009年辽宁省文物考古研究所对西丰县东沟遗址和墓葬进行了发掘,共清理灰坑25个、灰沟4条、墓葬11座。遗址出土遗物有陶器、石器和铁器,其年代为战国至西汉初期。墓葬出土遗物有陶器和石器,依据墓葬形制及随葬器物组合等,推测其年代为春秋末至战国初。     

试谈蚌埠双墩遗址出土靴形器功用

鹿角靴形器,或称鹿角钩形器,是新石器时代十分富有特色的一类遗物。安徽省蚌埠双墩新石器时代遗址出土了大量这类器物,颇具代表性。本文拟就蚌埠双墩遗址所出遗物进行探究,对这类靴形器的功用发表一下自己的薄见,认为这类器物是集刮抹器表、制作口沿、修整圈足和刻划符号四种功能于一身的陶器加工工具。