西域故城 那一缕尘封的记忆

<正>我国的大西北,有许多雄浑壮美的山川和沃野田畴。千百年来,在这片浩荡的舞台上,曾上演过无数波澜壮阔的历史活剧,也留下了许多令人感叹的历史遗迹。不管是行走在戈壁荒漠还是草原绿洲,不经意间也许就会踏进一座千年故城,与古人进行一次穿越时空的交流。从河西走廊到天山南北,那些裸露于地表之上和沙埋土掩的故城看上去残破而又荒凉,但却蕴含着厚重的历史文化信息,静待今人的解读。     

Global Restructuring,the Welfare State and Urban Programmes: Federal Policies and Inequality within Australian Cities

This paper is a prelude to a theme issue in 2003 on Australasian city and regional problems and policies. It considers the impact of economic restructuring on the level of inequality and disadvantage within Australian cities. Evidence is presented that Australian cities have become more unequal over the past two decades and this greater level of inequality has found concrete expression within the built environment. These patterns of inequality are distinct to Australia. It is argued that the Australian Government's reliance on tightly targeted income support policies and market-based solutions to economic disadvantage has contributed greatly to the concentration of low income and vulnerable households within certain sections of Australian cities.     

Restructuring physical geography

The tripartite division of physical geography into geomorphology, climatology and biogeography is still often quoted, but developments in the last two decades have resulted in restructuring of the discipline. Significant publications by physical geographers now occur dominantly in multidisciplinary rather than in core geography journals. Analysis of the contents of ten journals and of the submissions to the 1996 UK Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) demonstrate the current pre-eminence of two sub-disciplines: geomorphology with hydrology, and Quaternary environmental change. Complementing research in the sub-disciplines, six trends towards a more integrated physical geography are identified as indicators of restructuring that has already occurred. Three futures are suggested for physical geography. The first, the status quo, is thought to be unlikely. The second, the disappearance of physical geography into other disciplinary areas would leave holistic investigations to other disciplines and so is undesirable. Thus, the third alternative, a renaissance of a more integrated physical geography, provides the most likely future. It is supported by existing integrative trends, provides a natural sequel to reductionist specialization, reflects the strong identity for the geographical approach to the earth and environmental sciences and the spatio-analytical approach integrating deductive and inductive studies, and it focuses on human–environmental interactions that could have implications for geography as a whole.     

Cities and Privatization

Cities across America look for management strategies useful for accomplishing their responsibilities and programs. While some cities include privatization strategies in their management portfolios, others do not, and the underlying reasons are not readily apparent. This study seeks to gain some insight into this disparity through several questions: Why do some cities use more privatization than others? Are privatization levels higher in fiscally healthy or fiscally stressed cities? Where are the cities that use privatization located? This study attributes municipal privatization levels in medium-sized cities, in part, to degree of wealth, fiscal stress, and location. The findings suggest that privatization levels are higher in wealthy, fiscally healthy, suburban cities.     

Urban Restructuring of Istanbul

After 1980s, the major cities of Turkey have experienced urban transformation process following the changes in the international trade policy and the impact of globalization. Istanbul took the highest amount of share from these transformation processes as being the most important economic, cultural and tourism centre and the most integrated centre to the world economy of the country. This paper describes Istanbul's historical development, investigates demographic profile and spatial distribution of employment and illustrates multi-centre development of the city. Decentralization of population and jobs illustrate the multi-centre development. Multi-centre development contributes to sustainable urban development which provides efficient energy use and prevents pollution. Istanbul having a long history, large population and being in a very strategic location between Asia and Europe greatly effected from globalization which is reflected in its transformation of urban structure and increased land values and thus offered great opportunities for the real estate investors. The role of Istanbul within the world hierarchy of cities is suggested for further research.     

Economic Restructuring and Regional Change in Australia

This paper examines geographical dimensions of the actual and potential impacts of economic restructuring on individual regions in Australia from the perspective of the jobs and services that support people and families. Four examples are discussed: The discussion raises four sets of concerns for the future: potential social dislocation in rural and remote communities; the erosion of the employment and service bases of those same communities; the vulnerability of sections of society, especially women and disadvantaged ethnic groups; and the imprecision involved in disentangling webs of cross subsidy and community service obligations in Australia.

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Restructuring of Beijing's Social Space

Four China-, U.S.-, and UK-based senior specialists on the urban geography of Beijing team up to present the results of their investigation of the change in the city's social landscape on the basis of restricted subdistrict-level data covering the period from 1982 to 2000. Adopting a factor ecology approach, the authors seek to identify the extent to which factors that shape urban social landscapes in Western countries have played a role in Beijing during a period of economic transition (e.g., from administrative toward market allocation of housing). Similarly, they investigate the relative strength of processes of social differentiation vis-à-vis mixing accruing from the restructuring of Beijing's physical space (e.g., housing cost differentiation and accelerated in-migration that lead to the emergence of concentrated areas inhabited by migrants and/or minorities, and of relatively low density suburbs) revealed by the 2000 Census. The paper includes a section on developments since 2000, citing data (through 2006) on population, scarcity of affordable housing, traffic congestion, and industrial and residential relocation, relating in part to the forthcoming Olympic Games in 2008. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: I31, O15, O18, P20. 6 figures, 7 tables, 93 references.     

中国当代的文化发展和文化体制改革

国史研究与地方志编纂关系密切。国史尤其是当代地方史研究成果值得地方志工作者高度重视。在开展国史研究和地方志编纂以及构建国史和地方志学科体系中,整合两支队伍资源,建立史志学术联盟,加强国史研究与地方志编纂两个领域的学术交流与合作意义重大。本刊从2011年第1期开始,增设地方志与国史研究栏目,并将陆续刊登相关文章,旨在促进地方志与国史研究领域的理论工作者相互关注,彼此借鉴,优势互补。     

论数字城市与地方志

信息时代的城市发展正在向依赖知识和信息的知识经济和信息社会迅速转变。建设数字城市是社会经济发展的必然。地方志是数字城市最重要的广义数据源。地方志部门要想在数字城市建设中发挥积极作用,需要抓住机遇,加快地方志资源网络化建设,扩大地方志的影响,研究网络环境下地方志的编纂理论和方法,为用户提供有价值的决策信息。     

城市与德国农民战争

仅从“乡村“或“农民“的角度认识德国农民战争是很不全面的,城市与德国农民有密切联系,或者说,德国农民战争有鲜明的城市特征.16世纪初,德意志很多城市在宗教改革和农民运动的影响下爆发了市民运动,它们与农民运动相互支持、相互配合,普通市民构成德国农民战争中一支重要革命力量.同时,市民斗争也有自己的特点.城市与德国农民战争的密切联系反映了当时特殊的城乡关系,这种关系使得某些城市当局出于城市自身利益的考虑,对农民战争采取了不同于封建诸侯及领主的对策.     

Human Activity and Social-Geographic Regions

A classification of social-geographic regions is proposed. Functional regions, which specialize in particular types or stages of human activity, break down into two classes: (1) naturogenic regions, determined by differences in physical conditions and natural resources, and (2) positional regions, determined by distance from a particular object. Complex regions are those in which the complete cycle of a particular process is realized. Nodal regions arise around management or service centers. A hierarchy of regions takes shape wherever a stage-by-stage collection or distribution occurs. An optimal organization of a territory would involve a hierarchy of regions that are both functional and nodal in character.     

Land Reform and Farm Restructuring in the Kyrgyz Republic

Two land tenure specialists chronicle initiatives in land reform and farm restructuring in the Kyrgyz Republic from 1991 to the present. A brief review of the legal basis for reforms to date is outlined and compared against progress in land reform and farm restructuring on the ground. Specific attention is devoted to regional variation in progress in farm restructuring, the impact of the reforms on farm size, farm labor requirements, and rural-to-urban migration. 1 figure, 9 tables, 10 references.     

Deregulation and Restructuring of the Australian Cane Sugar Industry

The growing and processing of sugar cane was one of the most tightly regulated industries in Australia until the recent introduction of a series of deregulating measures. This paper outlines the nature and historical development of controls in the various sectors of the sugar industiy, and focuses upon deregulation as introduced during the last decade. Restructuring of the industry, partly in response to deregulation and partly through the continuing international farm crisis, is seen as favouring large growers, some penetration of the processing sector by foreign capital, and inter-state rivalry amongst processors. It is likely that growth of production by international competitors will continue to depress sugar prices and restrict any short- and medium-term benefits from deregulation accruing to Australian growers and processors.     

Cities of Extremes

Modern cities have always been the locus of both inequality and opportunity. However, neoliberal policies pursued since the 1980s have intensified urban disparities. Cities are increasingly shaped more by the logic of the market than the needs of their inhabitants. This article, which introduces a collection of papers on the topic, examines the implications of the neoliberal turn for the ‘right to the city’ as the fundamental tenet of urban citizenship. While evidence suggests a formidable challenge from market forces to the ‘right to the city’, the authors argue that the neoliberal city remains a highly contested urbanity in which poor inhabitants continue to struggle for citizenship in highly diverse ways. The challenge for scholarship is to discover and document those intricate modes of claim‐making.     

印度读城记

对印度的向往,源于它灿烂的文化、神秘的宗教、多彩的民风和雄伟的建筑,那些来自书本和互联网中的印度印象牵引着我的思绪,成了我魂牵梦萦的天堂。