THE SED-FESTIVAL AND ANCIENT EGYPTIAN CHRONOLOGY

The problem of the periodic character of the sod-festival, as with other aspects of this mysterious ceremony, has long been discussed and is still the subject of debate. This ritual was intended to be celebrated by the king, normally after a reign of thirty years had elapsed -- the so-called ＂thirty-year principle,＂ --which is taken by general consent to be a significant feature of the sed-festival. Yet, there is disagreement as to how to use records relating to the sed-festival in chronological studies on account of the fact that a number of records of the sed-festival are dated prior to the thirtieth regnal year of the king. Due to our hunger and need for datable sources, none the less, historians cannot always resist the temptation to assess the length of a king＇s reign on the basis of the sed-festival records, sometimes even though only scant evidence is available.     

FRESH COMMENTS ON NEGOTIATION BETWEEN THE 14TH DALAI LAMA AND THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT

Iwrote for China's Tibet of the topicbefore, and many of our readerswrote us explaining their under-standing for efforts made by theCentral Government in issues concerningnegotiation with the 14th Dalai Lama.However, the 14th Dalai astonishedthe world by lecturing on October 24,2001 in Strasbourg that he would work on"the Chinese leaders"for"a channel to beexploited,through negotiation with theChinese Government,for the settlementof problems that exist between China andTibet."     

欧洲的翅膀和中国的云彩

什么是文化？书上的定义说文化是一切物质和精神产品的总和。我说文化就是你看到的一切,一草一木,一言一行。是的．凡是去过欧洲的人,想必都对他们的“死板”和“傻”留有印象。这就是他们的文化一爱认死理。     

小珠山上层文化分期与年代研究

目 次 一 相关材料文化属性的几点说明 二 四平山积石墓出土材料的分组研究 三 其他遗址发现的小珠山上层文化遗存的分组研究 四 文化分期与年代判断 小珠山上层文化是一支分布于辽东南部地区的新石器时代晚期的考古学文化,因1978年发掘的小珠山遗址上层遗存而得名.二十世纪初,日本学者于辽东南部地区的调查中采集到部分该文化的遗物[1].二十世纪四十年代初又发掘了上马石、四平山、文家屯等遗址[2],出土了较丰富的遗物,由于这几批材料迟迟未能发表,影响了学术界对该文化的正确认识.新中国成立后,中国学者于二十世纪六十年代前后在大连市(原称旅大市)调查采集到部分该文化的遗物,并注意到其与山东龙山文化的紧密联系[3].直到二十世纪七十年代,随着大连郭家村和长海小珠山、上马石、蛎碴岗、南窑等遗址的发掘[4],对这类遗存才有了一定的了解,发掘者遂将以小珠山上层和郭家村上层为代表的遗存正式命名为"小珠山上层文化"[5],同时,也有学者称之为"郭家村上层遗存"[6].在发掘材料陆续发表之后,学者对该文化进行了广泛的讨论,但辽东南部地区出土的这类遗存的性质、年代等问题仍存在诸多分歧,关于其分期问题的研究也未深入展开.     

SOTIRA KAMINOUDHIA AND THE CHRONOLOGY OF THE EARLY BRONZE AGE IN CYPRUS

Summary. The Early Bronze Age (EBA) of Cyprus is a key phase of transformation in the prehistory of the island. Major developments are observed in the economic, social and artistic arenas, but owing to the lack of excavated settlements no firm chronology has ever existed for this period. Excavations in southern Cyprus at Sotira Kaminoudhia, a site with an assemblage belonging in broad terms to the Early Cypriot (EBA) Red Polished ceramic tradition, have helped to fill the lacuna. This paper presents the analyses of a series of radiocarbon determinations from well stratified organic samples in the settlement. These both confirm the EBA status of the site and provide the first firm absolute chronology for the Cypriot EBA. In addition, the new data from Sotira Kaminoudhia provide an opportunity to examine the beginning of this period on Cyprus — specifically the much debated issue of the so-called Philia Phase — both in chronological and socio-economic terms.     

POLICY COMMUNITIES: THE BRITISH AND EUROPEAN POLICY STYLE

It seems possible to formulate broad characterizations of the British and European policy processes in terms of the relationship between government and interest groups. There is a preferred type of machinery in Britain, reflecting normative values, which is to avoid electoral politics and public conflict in order to reach consensus or “accommodation” in the labyrinth of consultative machinery. This style is aptly labelled “bureaucratic accommodation” and is a system in which the dominant actors are groups and government departments. Departments readily recognize the “relevant” groups in a given policy area and seek to mobilize the community around agreed policies. The predilection for the avoidance of conflict seems equally apparent in other Western European nations.     

THE RADIOCARBON CHRONOLOGY OF THE NEOLITHIC AND COPPER AGE OF NORTHERN ITALY

Summary. Until twenty years ago the chronology of the Neolithic and Copper Age settlement of Northern Italy was almost exclusively based on the stratigraphical sequence of the Arene Candide cave in Liguria. The research carried out since the sixties has strongly increased our knowledge of the earliest farming communities and the first copper using people who inhabited the country between the end of the seventh and the beginning of the fourth millennium BP. This article considers the available evidence for this period which is now supported by a good set of radiocarbon dates.