李贽《藏书》与唐顺之《左编》之关系考述

李贽《藏书》是一部优秀的史学作品,蕴涵着丰富的时代价值。其价值不仅脱胎于李贽所处的时代,也源于李贽对前人既有成果的吸收借鉴,其中明中期学者唐顺之学术思想的影响最明显。《藏书》无论在内容、体例还是在思想上,都印有唐顺之《左编》的印记。但在对四书五经、春秋笔法、道统论等诸方面态度上,又表现出与《左编》一定的差异。考之李贽和唐顺之同为王学后学的思想背景,盖两部作品所体现的是涵泳于王学内部不同派别之下的编纂旨趣。李贽《藏书》与唐顺之《左编》之间的联系及差异,体现了明代中期史学思想的内在发展线索。     

《左传》占梦、占星预言与春秋社会

本文对《左传》所载春秋时人的占梦、占星活动进行了剖析。占梦、占星是春秋时期流行于社会上层的重要的预测方式,与国家的政治生活息息相关。这些神秘的预测,尽管不具有科学性,却反映了时人对梦的认识、对天人关系的理解,反映了时人认识世界、把握人生的一种水平。一些有识之士对占梦、占星预测表示怀疑、否定,并且进行有效地抵制,表明当时人们思想认识上的一种进步。     

Equatorial spread-F by electric fields and atmospheric gravity waves generated by thunderstorms

It is assumed that atmospheric gravity waves, resulting in travelling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs), and electric fields, generated by convective thunderstorms, have a reasonable influence on the large-scale structure of premidnight equatorial spread-F irregularities. The responsible mechanisms, viz the superposition of thunderstorm generated electric fields on the ionospheric electric fields being the determining factor for irregularity generation and the steepening of TID structures due to spatial resonance, are briefly outlined. It is recalled that convective activity is most pronounced in the intertropical convergence zone over the African and South American continents. A model based on the typical features of seasonal and geographical variation of tropical convection generating the TIDs is presented which can explain seasonal and geographical variations of premidnight equatorial spread-F occurrence.     

现代性、大屠杀与道德——读《现代性与大屠杀》有感

德国纳粹屠杀犹太人已经过去将近半个世纪,大屠杀在西方已成为一个专有名词,近几十年来西方也出版大量关于大屠杀研究的书籍。然而,关于大屠杀的研究,或更狭义上说“为什么有可能发生这样的恐怖”,学们(包括历史学家、社会学家、心理学家等)往往存在     

中美洲和前西班牙文明

大约在2500年前,位于今天墨西哥南部的奥萨卡谷地发生了一场深刻的社会文化变革,建立起以蒙特尔班为中心的第一个地域性国家。这个国家比该地区以前所发展的任何形式都要复杂。而且,和世界上其他仅有的几个国家一样,蒙特尔班国家是在当地土著文化的基础上发展起来的,没有受到任何其他地区国家的影响。我们研究的目的,是为了探索这一政体发展的基本原因和发展方式。众所周知,有关早期国家起源的问题由来已久,而且对于当代考古学来说仍然是一个重要的理论问题[1]。     

曾过日月山

1985年暑假,我们一行数人曾远游青海湖,路经日月山。时而上坡,时而下坡,时而朝左拐,时而向右弯。越野车在青藏公路上疾驰。迎面而来的是卡车,卡车,没完没了的卡车。车号牌上以“26”开头的,显然是青     

Israel: Divided by Religion and Education

Israel is a democracy splintered by religion and education. Two of its fastest growing religious groups, ultra‐Orthodox and Muslim Israeli Arabs, are not learning democratic principles or marketable skills that enable them to assist in the economic development of the country. Even Israelis who are attending secular and religious Israeli government schools are academically behind in mathematics as measured on 2011 international achievement tests of PISA and TIMSS. The history of religion and education from 1928 to 1955 built the foundation for the current divisions. The impact of the Ottoman and British occupation on citizens is particularized thorough the experiences of Elias Tuma, who lived under British and Israeli government systems. Today's educational system in Israel reinforces religious and sectarian conflict among its citizens. Educational and religious structural suggestions are provided for readers to consider. The implications of this work for future research are provided.     

一门正在崛起的新学科--《海洋文化与社会》读后

从最广泛的意义上讲,文化包括人类一切的物质创造和精神创造。毫无疑义,它也包括人类一切与海洋有关的创造,就是说包括“海洋文化”。但是长期以来,人们在讨论文化问题时,往往“站在内陆而背对着海洋”,只看到陆地对于人类的生存意义,没有或者很少注意到海洋对于人类社会的重要性;只看到人类在陆地上的生产生活情况,