Melvyn P. Leffler, Ideology, and American Foreign Policy

Melvyn P. Leffler. The Specter of Communism: The United States and the Origins of the Cold War, 1917–1953 . New York: Hill and Wang, 1994.     

门户开放政策开端和起源研究观点述评

门户开放政策虽然由美国公开宣布于19世纪末,但史学界对该政策的开端和起源却存在着多种不同的见解,是中外史学界歧见颇多的问题之一。在有关开端和起源的国家上,有美国说、英国说甚至中国说。在开端和起源的时间上,学者们的看法更是不尽相同。比较趋同的是,基本上把英美认定为开端和起源的国家;把最惠国待遇或认定为起源,或认定为开端。学者们审视问题主要是从门户开放是一项经济政策的角度出发的,有的学者还从文化的角度、或者文化和经济的双重角度探寻该政策的起源。导致出现不同歧见的原因,主要是该政策缺乏比较明确和具体的定义。     

Iran and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization: Ideology and Realpolitik in Iranian Foreign Policy

The Islamic Republic of Iran has pursued full membership in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO). In doing so, Iran has appeared to be unfazed by the prospect of allying with Russia and China, two countries which have systematically suppressed their Muslim minorities for decades. Similarly, the SCO's Central Asian member states are led by individual leaders who are generally believed to rule in spite of their populations. As a result, Iran's eagerness to join the SCO may appear to contradict its self-promoted image as the champion of Muslim interests, but in reality it sits nicely within its overarching enmity for the USA. Indeed, the SCO is seen as a geopolitical counterweight to the USA. For Iran, this geopolitical opportunity overrides ideological imperatives, with the gap between ideology and geopolitics most evident under the presidency of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.     

Ideology,Power, and the Structure of Policy Networks

This article investigates the role of power and ideology in the endogenous formation of policy networks. According to the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF), shared ideology (conceptualized as a system of policy‐relevant beliefs and values) is the primary driver of collaboration within policy subsystems. On the other hand, Resource Dependency Theory suggests that power‐seeking is an important rationale behind network structure, and that collaborative ties are formed primarily on the basis of perceived influence. Hypotheses are tested using a new method of egocentric network correlation, based on survey data of policy networks in five regional planning subsystems in California (N = 506). Results suggest that ideology is an important force behind network cohesion: Not only do policy elites systematically avoid networking with ideologically dissimilar actors but collaborative ties are also systematically formed among actors with shared beliefs. Power‐seeking does not operate on a network‐wide scale but may drive network formation among coalitions of ideologically similar agents.     

Charting a Course between Realpolitik and Ideology: A Foreign Policy to Sustain the Democratic Community

Abstract

Scalia, Antonin; ed. Amy Gutmann. A Matter of Interpretation: Federal Courts and the Law. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 159 pp., $19.95, ISBN 0-691-02630-0 Publication Date: 1997

UNITED STATES. Politics and Public Policy, White, John Kenneth. Still Seeing Red: How the Cold War Shapes the New American Politics. Boulder, CO: Westview. 386 pp., $29.95, ISBN 0-8133-1888-2 Publication Date: September 1997

Singh, Robert. The Farrakhan Phenomenon: Race, Reaction, and the Paranoid Style in American Politics. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press. 340 pp., $60.00 cloth, $17.95 paper ISBN 0-87840-657-3 cloth ISBN 0-87840-658-1 paper Publication Date: September 1997

Fried, Amy. Muffled Echoes: Oliver North and the Politics of Public Opinion. New York: Columbia University Press. 308 pp., $49.50 cloth, $19.50 paper ISBN 0-231-10820-6 cloth ISBN 0-231-10821-4 paper Publication Date: September 1997

Stone, Alan. How America Got On-Line: Politics, Markets, and the Revolution in Telecommunications. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe. 241 pp., $62.95, $23.95 paper ISBN 1-56324-576-0 cloth ISBN 1-56324-577-9 paper Publication Date: July 1997

Worsham, Jeffrey. Other People's Money: Policy Change, Congress, and Bank Regulation. Boulder, CO: Westview. 164 pp., $55.00 cloth, $21.50 paper ISBN 0-8133-9953-X cloth ISBN 0-8133-9952-1 paper Publication Date: September 1997

Rubin, Barry R. A Citizen's Guide to Politics in America: How the System Works and How to Work the System. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe. 288 pp., $34.95 cloth, $19.95 paper ISBN 0-7656-0028-5 cloth ISBN 0-7656-0029-3 paper Publication Date: March 1997

Gordon, Ann D., and Bettye Collier-Thomas, eds. African American Women and the Vote, 1837–1965. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press. 217 pp., $45.00 cloth, $15.95 paper ISBN 1-55849-058-2 cloth ISBN 1-55849-059-0 paper Publication Date: 1997

Lublin, David. The Paradox of Representation: Racial Gerrymandering and Minority Interests in Congress. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 174 pp., $29.95, ISBN 0-691-02669-6 Publication Date: July 1997

Evans, Gary R. Red Ink: The Budget, Deficit, and Debt of the U.S. Government. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. 297 pp., ISBN 0-12-244079-X cloth ISBN 0-12-244080-3 paper Publication Date: 1997

Croucher, Sheila L. Imagining Miami: Ethnic Politics in a Postmodern World. Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia. 235 pp., $45.00 cloth, $15.00 paper ISBN 0-8139-1704-2 cloth ISBN 0-8139-1705-0 paper Publication Date: April 1997

Bridges, Amy. Morning Glories: Municipal Reform in the Southwest. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 244 pp., $35.00, ISBN 0-691-02780-3 Publication Date: June 1997

Katzmann, Robert A. Courts and Congress. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution. 163 pp., $38.95 cloth, $16.95 paper ISBN 0-8157-4866-3 cloth ISBN 0-8157-4865-5 paper Publication Date: April 1997

Johnson, Herbert A. The Chief Justiceship of John Marshall, 1801-1835. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press. 317 pp., $39.95, ISBN 1-57003-121-5 Publication Date: March 1997

Sarnoff, Susan Kiss. Paying for Crime: The Policies and Possibilities of Crime Victim Reimbursement. Westport, CT: Praeger. 115 pp., $49.95, ISBN 0-275-95709-8 Publication Date: 1996

Goldwin, Robert A. From Parchment to Power: How James Madison Used the Bill of Rights to Save the Constitution. Washington, DC: AEI Press. 213 pp., $24.95, ISBN 0-8447-4012-8 Publication Date: May 1997

O'Cleireacain, Carol. The Orphaned Capital: Adopting the Right Revenues for the District of Columbia. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution. 214 pp., $16.95 paper ISBN 0-8157-6425-1 paper Publication Date: April 1997

UNITED STATES. Foreign Policy and National Security, McDougall, Walter A. Promised Land, Crusader State: The American Encounter with the World Since 1776. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 286 pp., $26.00, ISBN 0-395-83085-0 Publication Date: April 1997

Audley, John J. Green Politics and Global Trade: NAFTA and the Future of Environmental Politics. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press. 212 pp., $55.00 cloth, $21.95 paper ISBN 0-87840-650-6 cloth ISBN 0-87840-651-4 paper Publication Date: October 1997

Hanhimäki, Jussi M. Containing Coexistence: America, Russia, and the “Finnish Solution,” 1945-1956. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press. 279 pp., $39.00, ISBN 0-87338-558-6 Publication Date: May 1997

CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA, Gibson, Edward L. Class and Conservative Parties: Argentina in Comparative Perspective. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 274 pp., $48.50, ISBN 0-8018-5172-6 Publication Date: June 1996

Griffith, Ivelaw Lloyd. Drugs and Security in the Caribbean: Sovereignty under Siege. University Park, PA: Penn State University Press. 295 pp., $35.00 cloth, $16.95 paper ISBN 0-271-01718-X cloth ISBN 0-271-01719-8 paper Publication Date: September 1997

Solingen, Etel. Industrial Policy, Technology, and International Bargaining: Designing Nuclear Industries in Argentina and Brazil. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. 311 pp., $47.50, ISBN 0-8047-2601-9 Publication Date: 1996

Mainwaring, Scott, and Arturo Valenzuela, eds. Politics, Society, and Democracy: Latin America. Boulder, CO: Westview. 266 pp., $65.00, ISBN 0-8133-8548-2 Publication Date: Spring 1998

Haber, Stephen, ed. How Latin America Fell Behind: Essays on the Economic Histories of Brazil and Mexico, 1800-1914. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. 315 pp., $55.00 cloth, $18.95 paper ISBN 0-8047-2737-6 cloth ISBN 0-8047-2738-4 paper Publication Date: February 1997

EUROPE AND COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES, Piening, Christopher. Global Europe: The European Union in World Affairs. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner. 252 pp., $49.95 cloth, $19.95 paper ISBN 1-55587-694-3 cloth ISBN 1-55587-700-1 paper Publication Date: May 1997

Dörfer, Ingemar. The Nordic Nations in the New Western Security Regime. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press. 103 pp., $32.50 cloth, $15.95 paper ISBN 0-943875-83-8 cloth ISBN 0-943875-82-X paper Publication Date: July 1997

Kurthen, Hermann, Werner Bergmann, and Rainer Erbs, eds. Antisemitism and Xenophobia in Germany after Unification. New York: Oxford University Press. 318 pp., $65.00 cloth, $29.95 paper ISBN 0-19-510485-4 cloth ISBN 0-19-511010-2 paper Publication Date: May 1997

MacQueen, Norrie. The Decolonization of Portuguese Africa: Metropolitan Revolution and the Dissolution of Empire. Essex, UK: Longman. 266 pp., ISBN 0-583-25994-0 cloth ISBN 0-582-25993-2 paper Publication Date: 1997

Dawisha, Karen, ed. The International Dimension of Post-Communist Transitions in Russia and the New States of Eurasia. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe. 462 pp., $72.95 cloth, $29.95 paper ISBN 1-56324-370-9 cloth ISBN 1-56324-371-7 paper Publication Date: April 1997

Staar, Richard F. The New Military in Russia: Ten Myths that Shape the Image. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. 240 pp., $41.95 cloth, $16.95 paper ISBN 1-55750-798-8 cloth ISBN 1-55750-740-6 paper Publication Date: 1996

AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST, Bratton, Michael, and Nicolas van de Walle. Democratic Experiments in Africa: Regime Transitions in Comparative Perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press. 307 pp., $59.95 cloth, $19.95 paper ISBN 0-521-55429-2 cloth IBSN 0-521-55612-0 paper Publication Date: 1997

Deng, Francis M., et al. Sovereignty as Responsibility: Conflict Management in Africa. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press. 265 pp., ISBN 0-8157-1828-4 cloth ISBN 0-8157-1827-6 paper Publication Date: 1996

Diamond, Larry, Anthony Kirk-Greene, and Oyeleye Oyediran, eds. Transition without End: Nigerian Politics and Civil Society under Babangida. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner. 515 pp., $55.00, ISBN 1-55587-591-2 Publication Date: August 1997

Garfinkle, Adam. Politics and Society in Modern Israel: Myths and Realities. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe. 322 pp., $62.95 cloth, $24.95 paper ISBN 0-7656-0005-6 cloth ISBN 0-7656-0006-4 paper Publication Date: February 1997

ASIA AND THE PACIFIC, Zheng, Sniping. Party vs. State in Post-1949 China: The Institutional Dilemma. New York: Cambridge University Press. 294 pp., $59.95 cloth, $19.95 paper ISBN 0-521-58205-9 cloth ISBN 0-521-58819-7 paper Publication Date: August 1997

Garver, John W. Face Off: China, the United States, and Taiwan's Democratization. Seattle: University of Washington Press. 193 pp., $18.95 paper ISBN 0-295-97617-9 paper Publication Date: August 1997

Godement, François; trans. Elisabeth J. Parcell. The New Asian Renaissance: From Colonialism to the Post-Cold War. New York: Routledge. 313 pp., $79.95 cloth, $19.95 paper ISBN 0-415-11856-5 cloth ISBN 0-415-11857-3 paper Publication Date: October 1997

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, LAW, AND ORGANIZATION, Clague, Christopher, ed. Institutions and Economic Development: Growth and Governance in Less-Developed and Post-Socialist Countries. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 390 pp., $48.50 cloth, $18.95 paper ISBN 0-8018-5492-X cloth ISBN 0-8018-5493-8 paper Publication Date: June 1997

Ojo, Bamidele A. Human Rights and the New World Order: Universality, Acceptability, and Human Diversity. Commack, NY: Nova Science. 237 pp., $59.00, ISBN 1-56072-438-2 Publication Date: 1997

Sisk, Timothy D. Power Sharing and International Mediation in Ethnic Conflicts. Washington, DC: U.S. Institute of Peace Press. 143 pp., $7.95 paper ISBN 1-878379-56-9 paper Publication Date: 1996

Zartman, I. William, and J. Lewis Rasmussen, eds. Peacemaking in International Conflict: Methods and Techniques. Washington. DC: U.S. Institute of Peace Press. 412 pp., $35.00 cloth, $19.95 paper ISBN 1-878379-61-5 cloth ISBN 1-878379-60-7 paper Publication Date: 1997

Hoogvelt, Ankie. Globalization and the Postcolonial World: The New Political Economy of Development. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 291 pp., $45.00 cloth, $17.95 paper ISBN 0-8018-5644-2 cloth ISBN 0-8018-5645-0 paper Publication Date: August 1997

Crocker, Chester A., and Fen Osler Hampson, eds., with Pamela Aall. Managing Global Chaos: Sources of and Responses to International Conflict. Washington, DC: U.S. Institute of Peace Press. 642 pp., ISBN 1-878379-59-3 cloth ISBN 1-878379-58-5 paper Publication Date: 1996

COMPARATIVE POLITICS, Farazmand, Ali, ed. Public Enterprise Management: International Case Studies. Westport, CT: Greenwood. 303 pp., $69.00, ISBN 0-313-28025-8 Publication Date: October 1996

Tatalovich, Raymond. The Politics of Abortion in the United States and Canada: A Comparative Study. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharp. 265 pp., $55.00 cloth, $21.95 paper ISBN 1-56324-417-9 cloth ISBN 1-56324-418-7 paper Publication Date: November 1996

THEORY AND METHODOLOGY, Manin, Bernard. The Principles of Representative Government. New York: Cambridge University Press. 243 pp., $54.95 cloth, $16.95 paper ISBN 0-521-45258-9 cloth ISBN 0-521-45891-9 paper Publication Date: April 1997

Schneider, Anne Larason, and Helen Ingram. Policy Design for Democracy. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. 242 pp., $35.00 cloth, $15.95 paper ISBN 0-7006-0843-5 cloth ISBN 0-7006-0844-3 paper Publication Date: September 1997

Newman, Saul. Ethnoregional Conflict in Democracies: Mostly Ballots, Rarely Bullets. Westport, CT: Greenwood. 279 pp., $59.95, ISBN 0-313-30039-9 Publication Date: 1996

Haas, Ernst B. Nationalism, Liberalism, and Progress: The Rise and Decline of Nationalism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 362 pp., $39.95, ISBN 0-8014-3108-5 Publication Date: June 1997

Weimer, David L., ed. The Political Economy of Property Rights: Institutional Change and Credibility in the Reform of Centrally Planned Economies. New York: Cambridge University Press. 363 pp., $64.95, ISBN 0-521-58101-X Publication Date: July 1997

Grubb, Alan. The Politics of Pessimism: Albert de Broglie and Conservative Politics in the Early Third Republic. Newark, DE: University of Delaware Press. 427 pp., $55.00, ISBN 0-87413-575-3 Publication Date: August 1996

Reinhardt, Mark. The Art of Being Free: Taking Liberties with Tocqueville, Marx, and Arendt. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 234 pp., $39.95 cloth, $16.95 paper ISBN 0-8014-3137-9 cloth ISBN 0-8014-8424-3 paper Publication Date: May 1997

Löwith, Karl; trans. J. Harvey Lomax. Nietzsche's Philosophy of the Eternal Recurrence of the Same. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 276 pp., $40.00, ISBN 0-520-06519-0 Publication Date: August 1997

Poster, Mark. Cultural History and Post modernity: Disciplinary Readings and Challenges. New York: Columbia University Press. 172 pp;, $47.50 cloth, $16.50 paper ISBN 0-231-10882-6 cloth ISBN 0-231-10883-4 paper Publication Date: September 1997

Clor, Harry M. Public Morality and Liberal Society: Essays on Decency, Law, and Pornography. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press. 235 pp., $32.95 cloth, $16.00 paper ISBN 0-268-03813-9 cloth ISBN 0-268-03823-6 paper Publication Date: 1996

West, Thomas G. Vindicating the Founders: Race, Class, and Justice in the Origins of America. Lanham, MD: Rowman &; Littlefield. 200 pp., $22.95, ISBN 0-8476-8516-0 Publication Date: 1997

Friedman, Lawrence M., and George Fisher, eds. The Crime Conundrum: Essays on Criminal Justice. Boulder, CO: Westview. 210 pp., $55.00, ISBN 0-8133-9021-4 Publication Date: November 1997

Brinkley, Alan, Nelson W. Polsby, and Kathleen M. Sullivan. New Federalist Papers: Essays in Defense of the Constitution. New York: W. W. Norton. 179 pp., $23.00 cloth, $13.95 paper ISBN 0-393-04619-2 cloth ISBN 0-393-31737-4 paper Publication Date: 1997

Griffin, Stephen M., and Robert C. L. Moffat, eds. Radical Critiques of the Law. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. 340 pp., $45.00 cloth, $25.00 paper ISBN 0-7006-0845-1 cloth ISBN 0-7006-0846-X paper Publication Date: August 1997

GENERAL, Flink, Stanley E. Sentinel under Siege: The Triumphs and Troubles of America's Free Press. Boulder, CO: Westview. 325 pp., $28.00, ISBN 0-8133-3344-X Publication Date: October 1997

Drukman, Mason. Wayne Morse: A Political Biography. Portland, OR: Oregon Historical Society. 545 pp., $35.00, ISBN 0-87595-263-1 Publication Date: June 1997     

Revolution, State Building, and Foreign Policy

Book reviewed in this article:
Daniela Spenser, The Impossible Triangle: Mexico, Soviet Russia, and the United States in 1920s     

Congress,the Presidency,and U.S. Foreign Policy

Gibson, Martha L. Conflict Amid Consensus in American Trade Policy. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2000. Pp. 213. $55.00 hardbound; $17.95 softbound.

Henehan, Marie T. Foreign Policy and Congress: An International Relations Perspective. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2000. Pp. 248. $49.50 hardbound.

Brands, H.W. The Foreign Policies of Lyndon Johnson: Beyond Vietnam. College Station, TX: Texas A&M Press, 1999. Pp. 194. $29 95 hardbound.

McNamara, Robert S., James G. Blight, and Robert K. Brigham, with Thomas J. Biersteker and Herbert Y. Schandler. Argument Without End: In Search of Answers to the Vietnam Tragedy. New York, NY: Public Affairs, 1999. Pp. 512. $27.50 hardbound; $17.00 softbound.     

Australian Foreign Policy

G. Clark: In Fear of China, Lansdowne Press, Melbourne, 1967, pp. 219 + ix, $3.00.

W. J. Hudson, ed.: Towards a Foreign Policy: 1914–1941, Cassell, Melbourne, 1967.

T. B. Millar, ed.: Britain's Withdrawal from Asia: Its Implications for Australia, Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Australian National University, 1967, pp. 114.

T. B. Millar, ed.: Australia's Defence Policies 1945–1965, Department of International Relations, A.N.U., 1967, pp. 86.

A. and M. Vandenbosch: Australia Faces Southeast Asia: The Emergence of a Foreign Policy, University of Kentucky Press, Lexington, 1967, pp. 175 + vi, $5.75 (U.S.).

A. Watt: The Evolution of Australian Foreign Policy 1938–65, Cambridge University Press, 1967, pp. 387 + ix, $9.25.