猴面包树 穆隆达瓦邂逅神迹

<正>生命是顽强的,也是脆弱的,而外部环境则决定了生命的长度,但不论环境如何,生命总会以自己的方式延续着。就如动物界有在极寒之地生存的企鹅与北极熊,而植物界也有在浩瀚沙漠里生长的仙人掌与炎热非洲傲然挺立的猴面包树。"生命之树"的长寿奥秘非洲马达加斯加的标志除了狐猴以外,那就肯定是猴面包树了,很多人关于马达加斯加的了解认识都是从这一片长相奇特的参天大树开始的,也成为了其旅游开发的标志植物。猴面包树全世界共有8个种类,主要分     

我与历史有个约会

夜凉如水,皓月当空。悠悠遐思挟历史而至,飘洒在亘古不变的轮回中。 小时候,对她的印象,来自外婆口中的一个个历史小故事。那些少年英雄,王侯将相,汇成了我年幼心灵中的一片天空。     

我与历史有个约会

夜凉如水,皓月当空,悠悠遐思挟历史而至,飘洒在亘古不变的轮回中。小时候,对她的印象,来自外婆口中的一个个历史小故事。那些少年英雄,王侯将相,汇成了我年     

我与盘羊有个约会

<正>秋已逝去,冬已来临。随着季节的交替,又到了我们与盘羊相约的时刻。我用尽自己所有的休息时间,去山间崖边看望你们,我心中的精灵——盘羊。相关链接盘羊,偶蹄目,牛科,羊亚科,国家二级保护动物。盘羊别名大头弯羊,大角羊,是一种体形庞大的羊类;盘羊躯体粗壮,体长1.2米~2米,体重65千克~185千克,头大颈粗,尾短小。四肢粗短,蹄的前面特别陡直,适于攀爬于岩石间;通     

我与冰雪有个约会

<正>摄影感言不知是广阔的天空给了我拍摄的灵感,还是多彩的大地给了我摄影的灵动。从涉足摄影的那天起,摄影就像一壶绵香醇厚的老酒,香得让我痴,浓得让我醉。到东北大地拍摄千里冰封、万里雪飘的冰雪世界,是我涉足摄影以来一直渴望的。去年年初,曾和影友一起到吉林省的雾凇岛拍摄雾凇,由于运气欠佳扫兴而归。但是,这种渴望并未因此而泯灭。今     

我与夏天有个约会

正夏天是一首歌,一首芬芳、清凉的歌;夏天是一首歌,一首充满生机的歌。在我的眼里,夏天的旋律是成长、欢快、热烈的。每每想起去年青阳小队的"七一"义卖报纸,我的心中总是充满激情。在汗水中,我选择勇敢和坚强——当青阳小队的每个成员领到各自的任务,就希望在凉爽、人多的江苏棋院周围下手,但希望总是不那么容易实现。第一波的生意挫败,加上一个小伙伴摔破了膝盖,这狠狠地挫伤了我们的积极性。但随即我们便进行商议、分工,小小的意外不能磨     

五月 我与赛里木湖有个约会

<正>几次去赛里木湖,都没有赶上花海的美景,去早了,湖边是零星的小花,没有花海的气势;去晚了,短暂的花期已过,仅能看到湖水,十分可惜。从赛里木湖管委会和山友那里了解到,往年湖边的花从5月6日前后陆续开放,花期可以持续到5月底。这一次,卡着时间去赛里木湖,总算是赶上了花期。     

我跟英语有个约会

亲爱的心曲姐姐:您好!我是一个初中二年级的学生,现在为英语成绩特苦恼。我的数学和语文成绩在班级和年级里都是第一名。数学经常考满分。可是英语成绩很差,一百分的题目经常得六十多分。我就是上课拿出英语书,其他的时候从不看。也说不上喜欢不喜欢,就是不爱学。这样造成我整体排名就在第十名左右。     

我和草原有个约会

情迷草原好时光这次内蒙古行,就是冲着呼和浩特市的草原package来的.去过内蒙古的朋友都知道,但凡进了内蒙古地界,扑面而来的就是最热情最真挚的招待.草原儿女的热情好客是与生俱来的,不掺杂半点虚假,豪爽、真诚得叫你无法招架.住蒙古包,看草原美女,我已经迫不及待了.美轮美奂的大草原,并非只存在于想象当中.一切风景,都在前往希拉穆仁草原的路上逐渐呈现开来,路两旁一片接一片的牧场开始映入眼帘.     

Madagascar

EUROPE

Light and Shade in France. By Moma Clarke. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. ix+236. London : John Murray, 1939. A Cheap Edition. Price 5s.

Historic Thorn Trees in the British Isles. By Vaughan Cornish, D.Sc. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. 94. London : Country Life Ltd. Price 8s. 6d.

History under Fire. By J. Pope‐Hennessy. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. viii+117. London : Batsford Ltd., 1941. Price 8s. 6d.

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The West Highlands and the Hebrides. By Alfred Harker. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. xxiii+127. London: Cambridge University Press, 1941. Price 8s. 6d.

The Church and Parish of Liff. By A. B. Dalgetty. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp.93. Dundee: Harley and Cox, 1941. Price 6s.

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South Africa Fights. By J. M. Simpson. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. xv+256. London : Hodder and Stoughton Ltd., 1941. Price 7s. 6d.

Congo Doctor. By W. E. Davis. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. vii+286. London: Robert Hale Ltd., 1941. Price 12s. 6d.

From Hobo to Cannibal King. By C. J. Thornhill. Demy 8vo. Pp.319. London : Stanley Paul Ltd., 1941. Price 2s. 6d.

In Morocco with the Legion. By G. Ward Price. Demy 8vo. Pp.288. London : Jarrolds Ltd., 1941. Price 2s. 6d.

Focus on Africa. By R. U. Light. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. xii+228. New York : American Geographical Society, 1941.

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Beyond the Smoke that Thunders. By L. P. Cullen. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp.341. London: Oxford University Press, 1941. Price 15s.

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North of Singapore. By Carveth Wells. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. 267. London : Jarrolds Ltd., 1941. Price 19s.

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Mongol Journeys By Owen Lattimore. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. 284. London : Jonathan Cape Ltd., 1941. Price 12s. 6d.

Green Prison. By Leigh Williams. Demy 8vo. Pp. 252. London : Herbert Jenkins Ltd., 1941. Price 12s. 6d.

Dawn Watch in China. By Joy Homer. Demy 8vo. Pp.288. London : Collins Ltd., 1941. Price 12s. 6d.

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Outposts of War. By Gordon Young. Cr. 8vo. Pp. 252. London: Hodder and Stoughton Ltd., 1941. Price 5s.

Adventure is My Business. By F. W. De Valda. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp.251. London : Herbert Jenkins Ltd., 1941. Price 12s. 6d.

Quest. By George Dibbern. Demy 8vo. Pp. 421. London : The Bodley Head Ltd., 1941. Price 12s. 6d.

The Mountain Vision. By Frank Smythe. Illustrated. Pp. 308. London : Hodder and Stoughton Ltd., 1941. Price 18s.

The Bases of a World Commonwealth. By C. B. Fawcett. Demy 8vo. Pp. xi+167. London : Watts and Co., 1941. Price 7s. 6d.

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Wales : A Study in Geography and History. By E. G. Bown. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. xvi+182. Cardiff: Univ. of Wales Press Board. Price 3s. 6d.

France. By John Finnemore. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. vi+90. London : A. and C. Black Ltd., 1941. Price 1s. 6d.     

马达加斯加 走进狐猴的神秘世界

<正>马达加斯加,一个古老的岛屿。在一亿六千万年前,随着超级大陆岗瓦纳古陆的解体,马达加斯加脱离了非洲大陆,从此与世隔绝般地漂泊在印度洋上,正是因为那次分离,才使得岛上保存下来了许多世界上绝版的珍稀物种。     

Hospitality and dispossession in Madagascar

Drawing on ethnographic data collected among a group of coastal villagers in Southwest Madagascar between 2006 and 2011, this article looks at the relationship between hospitality towards strangers and land dispossession, a major issue of concern in Madagascar, especially given the comparatively recent mineral, energy resource, and stone mining rush in the country. Belief in spirits plays a role in this.     

Conceptualizing the Survival Sector in Madagascar

Abstract: This article calls for the recognition of a subsector of the informal economy, which is conceptualized as the “survival sector”. Based on empirical evidence from Antananarivo, Madagascar it is suggested that beggars, street children and other marginalized people constitute a separate, non‐productive subsector of the economy, which is also distinguishable from formal and informal economies because of other aspects, such as the character of its social and economic networks, survival strategies, patterns of social and physical mobility, and the social and public spaces occupied. Given the vast number of marginalized people in the world, it seems useful to consider a survival sector of its own that is, despite interlinkages, fundamentally different from other components of the informal economy.     

狐猴——马达加斯加岛之精灵

关于马达加斯加岛 马达加斯加岛是一个古老的陆地,一亿多年前,它从冈瓦纳古陆中分离,一直孤悬在印度洋中,一些古老的动植物群与世隔绝,独自在这个孤岛上进化. 据说,大约在6500万年前,一颗直径10公里的小行星撞击地球,撞击点在墨西哥的尤卡坦半岛,大爆炸导致恐龙灭绝,整个世界陷入一片火海.幸运的是,马达加斯加正好在尤卡坦的地球背面,所受影响最小.因此,许多珍稀的物种得以保存下来,在大陆的同类逐渐消失了,这里却不断创造出了奇特的新物种.今天,马达加斯加岛上高达70％的特有物种构成了一个世界上仅有的珍稀动植物圈,这是一片遗世独立的伊甸园.马岛上的"动物明星"     

A Journey among primitive tribes in Madagascar

EUROPE

Island Farm. By F. Fraser Darling. Demy 8vo. Pp. 223. Illustrated. London : George Bell and Sons Ltd., 1944. Price 15s.

A History of the City of York. By Charles B. Knight. Royal 8vo. Pp. ix+774. 3 plans. York : The Herald Printing Works, 1944. Price 42s.

British Survey Handbooks. 1. Belgium. Edited by John Eppstein. Fcap 8vo. Pp. xiv+111. Map. Cambridge : University Press, 1944. Price 3s.

The Dutch Nation: An Historical Study. By G. J. Renier. Demy 8vo. Pp. 272. 1 map. London : George Allen and Unwin Ltd. for The Netherlands Government Information Bureau, 1944. Price 15s.

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China and Britain. By Sir John T. Pratt. Demy 8vo. Pp.128. 11 plates. 66 other illustrations. London : William Collins, Sons and Co. Ltd., 1944. Price 8s. 6d.

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Canadian‐American Relations, 1875–1911. By Charles Callan Tansill. Med. 8vo. Pp. xviii+507. 3 sketch maps. New Haven : Yale University Press ; Toronto : The Ryerson Press ; London : Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press, 1943. Price $3.50 or 23s. 6d.

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The Geographical Basis of Government, Specially Applied to New South Wales. By J. Macdonald Holmes. 9 1/2×7 inches. Pp. 168. 34 figs. Sydney: Angus and Robertson Ltd., 1944. Price 12s. 6d.

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Geomorphology—An Introduction to the Study of Landforms. By C. A. Cotton. Third Edition, revised and enlarged. Pp. 505. 473 figs. Christchurch, N.Z. : Whitcombe and Tombs Ltd., 1942. Price 25s.

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The Oceans : Their Physics, Chemistry and General Biology. By H. U. Sverdrup, Martin W. Johnson, and Richard H. Fieming. Demy 8vo. Pp. x+1087. 265 figs. 7 charts. Bibliography. New York : Prentice‐Hall Inc., 1942. Price $10.00.

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Higher Surveying. By Arthur Lovat Higgins. Demy 8vo. Pp. viii+463. 172 figs. London : Macmillan and Co. Ltd., 1944. Price 25s.

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The Statesman's Year‐Book : Statistical and Historical Annual of the States of the World for the Tear 1944. Edited by M. Epstein, M.A., Ph.D. Crown 8vo. Pp. xxxvii+1484. Map of Boundaries of Poland. London : Macmillan and Co. Ltd., 1944. Price 30s.     

The culture history of Madagascar

Madagascar's culture is a unique fusion of elements drawn from the western, northern, and eastern shores of the Indian Ocean, and its past has fascinated many scholars, yet systematic archaeological research is relatively recent on the island. The oldest traces of visitors are from the first century AD. Coastal settlements, with clear evidence of ties to the western Indian Ocean trading network, were established in several places over the next millennium. Important environmental changes of both plant and animal communities are documented over this period, including the extinctions of almost all large animal species. Urban life in Madagascar began with the establishment of the entrepôt of Mahilaka on the northwest coast of the island in the twelfth century. At about the same time, communities with ties to the trade network were established around the island's coasts. From the fourteenth to the sixteenth century, social hierarchies developed in several regions of the island. During the succeeding two centuries, Madagascar saw the development of state polities.     

East Africa and Madagascar in the Indian Ocean world

The Indian Ocean has long been a forum for contact, trade and the transfer of goods, technologies and ideas between geographically distant groups of people. Another, less studied, outcome of expanding maritime connectivity in the region is the translocation of a range of species of plants and animals, both domestic and wild. A significant number of these translocations can now be seen to involve Africa, either providing or receiving species, suggesting that Africa’s role in the emergence of an increasingly connected Indian Ocean world deserves more systematic consideration. While the earliest international contacts with the East African coast remain poorly understood, in part due to a paucity of archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological studies, some evidence for early African coastal activity is provided by the discovery of early hunter-gatherer sites on offshore islands, and, possibly, by the translocation of wild animals among these islands, and between them and the mainland. From the seventh century, however, clear evidence for participation in the Indian Ocean world emerges, in the form of a range of introduced species, including commensal and domestic animals, and agricultural crops. New genetic studies demonstrate that the flow of species to the coast is complex, with more than one source frequently indicated. The East African coast and Madagascar appear to have been significant centres of genetic admixture, drawing upon Southeast Asian, South Asian and Middle Eastern genetic varieties, and sometimes yielding unique hybrid species. The biological patterns reflect a deeply networked trade and contact situation, and support East Africa’s key role in the events and transformations of the early Indian Ocean world.