A Map of the Settlement Field Potential as a Special Type of Population Map

The concept of settlement field potential, a term preferred over “demographic potential,” is applied to the territory of Tyumen' Oblast in Western Siberia. The generalizad resulting pattern of potential is then compared with a convential population density, and differences and similarities are noted. The maps, not reproduced in the article, are to be published in the Atlas of Tyumen' Oblast, which is in press.     

台湾舆图稿本与大清国台湾府陆海布防全图

台湾（包括澎湖等）约3.6万平方公里,是中国东南大陆架的延伸,与福建仅隔着130多公里的一条海沟。其北携琉球群岛,南领菲律宾群岛,乃我东出西太平洋之锁钥。     

毛泽东的阶级斗争观点研究

毛泽东的阶级斗争观点,影响和左右了中国亿万民众半个多世纪的历史命运,但以往国内对这个重大课题的学术性研究却很不足。从学术研究的角度说,以往那种把毛泽东思想人为地加以分割的做法似有不妥。以毛泽东一生中的阶级斗争观点作为完整的研究对象,从哲学的理论的、实践的历史的层面,对这一曾给毛泽东带来伟大的胜利,也给其造成严重失败的思想观点进行系统地考察与分析,从而得出合乎客观历史内在逻辑性的认识,是非常必要的。     

On the Statistical Significance of the Observed Map in Spatial Diffusion

This paper examines the problem of determining the statistical significance of an observed spatial distribution vis-à-vis a simulated pattern of the “Hägerstrand type.” It is argued that the sampling distribution for a Hägerstrand type simulator is multinomial. The diffusion model considered is logically equivalent to a multinomial experiment with independent assignment of adoptions to areal cells according to a probability distribution that remains fixed for a given time interval. Conventional tests for goodness of multinomial fit are thus appropriate.     

按图索鸟

<正>置身于摩肩接踵的车海人潮、鳞次栉比的高楼大厦中,我独辟蹊径,四处寻觅着香港清幽。翻开湾仔区酒店大堂备有的香港游览地图,无意间发现距离酒店不远处便有一座香港公园,于是带上我最喜爱的相机,踏入那片郁郁葱葱的"小树林"。     

Multiple Microanalyses of a Sample from the Vinland Map

A sample of the Vinland Map remaining from the radiocarbon dating was analysed with the purpose of identifying the post‐1950 contaminant and establishing other evidence on the material composition, identity and condition. The analyses revealed that the parchment originates from a bovid and contains hair remnants. The fibre structure was in poor condition, with fragmented collagen fibres and a low hydrothermal stability. Greenish and reddish particles were observed on the parchment. The greenish particles were identified as basic copper(II) chloride, most probably atacamite, and the reddish particles as rust; that is, various iron(III) oxides. The extracted modern contaminant was identified as being naturally produced glycerol monostearate.     

Religious Transformations in the Middle Ages: Towards a New Archaeological Agenda

UNDERSTANDING RELIGIOUS CHANGE between the collapse of the Roman Empire and the Reformation forms one of the cornerstones of medieval archaeology, but has been riven by period, denominational, and geographical divisions. This paper lays the groundwork for a fundamental rethink of archaeological approaches to medieval religions, by adopting an holistic framework that places Christian, pagan, Islamic and Jewish case studies of religious transformation in a long-term, cross-cultural perspective. Focused around the analytical themes of ‘hybridity and resilience’ and ‘tempo and trajectories’, our approach shifts attention away from the singularities of national narratives of religious conversion, towards a deeper understanding of how religious beliefs, practices and identity were renegotiated by medieval people in their daily lives.     

International Transformations of the Capitalist State1

Abstract: There has not been a retreat but a transformation of the state, involving significant changes in both the public sphere of politics and the so‐called private sphere of economic activity, and in their modes of interaction, especially law. The privatization of state‐owned assets and the reduction of direct state economic intervention have not led to a reduced role of the state but to changes in its form, involving new types of formalized regulation, the fragmentation of the public sphere, the decentering of the state and the emergence of multi‐level governance. This has been complemented by the increased salience of “private” regulation, so that in many ways the apparently private sphere of economic activity has become more public. In fact, there has been a complex process of interaction with a blurring of the divisions between apparently private and public regulation. Despite talk of deregulation there has been extensive reregulation, or formalization of regulation, and the emergence of global regulatory networks, intermingling the public and the private. The transition from government to governance means a lack of a clear hierarchy of norms, a blurring of distinctions between hard and soft law, and a fragmentation of public functions entailing a resurgence of technocracy.     

当代国外马克思主义阶级理论研究探析

当今世界还需不需要马克思主义及其阶级分析学说？马克思主义及其阶级分析学说应该如何发展自己以应对时代提出的新挑战？这两个问题是当代国外马克思主义阶级理论研究中贯穿始终的一条线索。对这两个问题的不同回答,造就了今天国外马克思主义阶级理论学派林立的局面。其中,具有代表性的学派有以罗默和赖特为首的分析的马克思主义、以拉克劳和墨菲为首的后马克思主义和以伍德为首的正统的马克思主义。     

Four Paradigm Transformations in Oral History

This paper reviews critical developments in the internationalhistory of oral history and outlines four paradigmatic revolutionsin theory and practice: the postwar renaissance of memory asa source for 'people's history'; the development, from the late1970s, of 'postpositivist' approaches to memory and subjectivity;a transformation in perceptions about the role of the oral historianas interviewer and analyst from the late 1980s; and the digitalrevolution of the late 1990s and early 2000s. Threaded throughdiscussion of these paradigm shifts are reflections upon fourfactors that have impacted oral history and, in turn, been significantlyinfluenced by oral historians: the growing significance of politicaland legal practices in which personal testimony is a centralresource; the increasing interdisciplinarity of approaches tointerviewing and the interpretation of memory; the proliferationfrom the 1980s of studies concerned with the relationship betweenhistory and memory; and the evolving internationalism of oralhistory.     

中国历史上的两次社会转型式改革

我国封建时代一些持续不断的改革基本上是修补式的、局部的、单项的改革,而社会制度转型方面的改革只有商鞅变法和戊戌变法,商鞅变法是我国封建时代唯一成功的社会转型式改革。戊戌变法拉开了中国第二次社会转型的序幕,当代改革是戊戌变法以来面向现代化的未竟之社会转型的延续。     

Urban Indians: Patterns and Transformations

For centuries American Indians have been an object of Western fascination. All too often this fascination has been an invented view of Indian people. This is especially evident with the recent movement of Indians to urban areas within the United States and Canada. Not only has this movement been ignored by society in general but it has also received almost no comment in the geographical literature. In this analysis the complex character of urban Indian communities is sketched, a variety of interpretations of these communities is outlined and the implications for planning and public policy are examined. The recent emergence of Indian organizations provides an innovative alternative for planning and public policy—cultural planning for urban redevelopment.     

Map Neighbor Counts

This paper investigates a conjecture of Lowell regarding the number of neighbors on maps divided into regions. Lowell speculated that border regions have on average three neighbors and that nonborder regions have on average six neighbors. This paper investigates the conjecture and, for a large category of maps, an exact relationship is obtained. Exceptions to this large category are considered, and a further exact relationship is obtained. The results of this paper may find applications not only for geographic maps, but also for models involving planar networks.     

近代城市统治阶层的早期现代化研究

近代基本经济关系的变动导致政治结构的演变。随之而来的则是城市统治阶层在制度化、非制度化等各个层面上的转换,这种转换不仅体现在其流动方式的变化上,而且更体现在新的社会功能分化导致公务员的出现以及统治阶层的日益扩大化、平民化。但是,特殊的半殖民地半封建社会背景又使这种转换呈现出畸形特征。     

清代乾隆时期《七省沿海图》考

清朝陪都盛京藏有一幅《七省沿海图》,彩绘纸本,长卷式。本文认为,其价值集中体现在地图学、历史地理、军事等方面,绘制年代为清代乾隆时期,直接作者为军机大臣董诰。另对底本渊源、范本、收藏地等问题做了探讨。