A Cross-Cultural Study of Young Children's Mapping Abilities

The mapping abilities of four-year-old children in York, England, Durban, South Africa, Tehran, Iran, Mexico City, Mexico and Evanston, Illinois, USA were investigated, using a methodology involving air-photo identification and simulated navigation on an air photo. The results show that essential mapping abilities (perspective and scale transformations) are well developed by the age of four in these cultures, and provide some evidence in support of the hypothesis that mapping abilities emerge without training in very young children of all cultures.     

导游服务质量、游客信任感与游客行为意向关系研究

在文献研究的基础上,本文提出导游服务质量、游客对导游的满意感和信任感会影响游客行为意向的假设,并在广州市的旅行社对327名旅客进行了问卷调查,对假设进行检验.分析结果表明:游客对导游的信任感是影响游客行为意向的重要因素;导游的服务质量、游客对导游的满意感也会影响游客的行为意向.本文认为,旅行社应加强导游服务质量的管理工作,培养导游的服务意识,提高导游的服务技能,增强游客对导游的信任感和满意感,以便赢得游客有利的口头宣传.     

Trust: towards conceptual clarification

Trust is universally regarded as a ‘good thing’ at both the interpersonal level and as a means of bringing stability to social institutions and markets. However, the concept is often treated in a homogeneous and unhelpful way, and academic reflection is spread across many disciplines that frequently fail to interconnect. This article pulls together the key perspectives and ideas from these different academic traditions. It outlines the main components of trust, and goes on to identify three different types of trust, each of which is associated with a different type of trusting. It concludes that it is now time to move beyond conceptual clarification to more empirical application.     

Max Stirner, Hegel and the Young Hegelians: A reassessment

Max Stirner is generally considered a nihilist, anarchist, precursor to Nietzsche, existentialism and even post-structuralism. Few are the scholars who try to analyse his stands from within its Young Hegelian context without, however, taking all his references to Hegel and the Young Hegelians as expressions of his own alleged Hegelianism. This article argues in favour of a radically different reading of Stirner considering his magnum opus “Der Einzige und sein Eigentum” as in part a carefully constructed parody of Hegelianism deliberately exposing its outwornness as a system of thought. Stirner's alleged Hegelianism becomes intelligible when we consider it as a formal element in his criticism of Bauer's philosophy of self-consciousness. From within this framework it becomes quite clear what Stirner meant with such notions as “ownness” and “egoism”. They were part of his radical criticism of the implicit teleology of Hegelian dialectics as it found according to him its highmark in Bauer. In short, this article puts the literature on Stirner into question and tries for the first time in 30 years to dismantle Stirner's entire undertaking in “Der Einzige und sein Eigentum” by considering it first and foremost a radical criticism of Hegelianism and eventually the whole of philosophy while fully engaged in the debates of his time.     

信托业在中国的兴起——兼论“信交风潮”中的信托公司

1921年信托业在上海兴起,并非商品经济发达后的自然结果,而是上海一地存银过丰而投资渠道有限情况下的畸形产物。由于设立信托公司的动机不纯,信托业刚刚兴起就偏离本业,或者与交易所联手从事股票投机,卷入“信交风潮”而导致败亡,或者以经营银行业务为主业得以继续生存．对于中国信托业而言．这并非一个良好的开端。     

Constituents of Confidence and Mistrust in Australian Institutions

Survey research on public confidence in political and other organisations can be used to evaluate popular endorsement of their performance. Without examining proximate factors in detail, this paper considers the value of predictions about the constituents of confidence and mistrust in Australian institutions. These predictions derive from theories about political, social and cultural causes of dissatisfaction with government, and are linked to notions of a crisis of democracy, 'new politics', the impact of economic change on different social groups, traditional political divisions, and accumulation of 'social capital'. This paper explores the arguments and analyses their validity.     

Migration and Occupational Choice among Young Labor Force Entrants: A Human Capital Model

Interregional variations in the conditions for entering the labor force are investigated by analyzing interdependencies between migration behavior and occupational choice for young labor force entrants. The human capital framework indicates that occupational choice depends on the costs and returns associated with entering various occupations, and that interregional variation in these costs and returns is a major reason for migration. Occupational choice and migration behavior will be interdependent if the costs and returns for particular occupations vary over local labor markets, relative to other occupations, and patterns of interdependence between the two decisions are analyzed, using a model of the joint choice of occupation and location. An empirical analysis of occupational choices and migration behavior for young people who entered the U.S. labor force in the 1975–80 period indicates that the odds for entering professional or managerial occupations varied with origin and migration behavior in systematic ways.     

In God We Trust: Abraham Lincoln and America's Deathbed Repentance

Abstract

This article maps several key moments in the evolution of religious symbolism and language on US currency, focusing largely on Abraham Lincoln's overlooked role in signing the motto "In God We Trust" into law. Interpreting the motto through the lens of Lincoln's "Second Inaugural Address"—which he delivered just one day after Congress passed the first statute allowing "In God We Trust" to be stamped on US coins—offers a counter-intuitive interpretation of the motto that functions as a deep, ironic, and historically significant critique of religious nationalism.     

Black Ambassador: Andrew Young Appraised

Andrew J. Deroche. Andrew Young: Civil Rights Ambassador . Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 2003. xxiii + 193 pp. Illustrations, bibliography, notes, index. $65.00 (cloth), $19.95 (paper).     

From Active Young Explorers to Passive Young Consumers: The Commercialization of Canada's OWL Magazine

This article provides a content analysis of OWL magazine, a popular Canadian children's periodical published initially by a non-profit organization and, after 1997, by a for-profit corporation. Researchers examined issues of OWL from 1982, 1992, and 2002 to assess changes in the magazine in response to commercial ownership. Quantitative and qualitative methodologies were used to show how OWL has shifted from a primarily science and animal-themed magazine to a general interest “consumer” magazine for children with features like video game reviews. This shift from 1982 to 2002 is discussed within larger changes in Canadian children's commercial media and marketing. Canadian and American children's commercial media “boomed” during the 1980s and 1990s, placing additional pressure on OWL to incorporate content that met advertisers' interests and emerging consumerist outlook of Canadian children. We conclude by discussing how this research informs ongoing theoretical debates about the commercialization of childhood.     

零声响起来——记土族青年歌唱家鄂福全

三川是土族儿女的故乡,更是民族民间艺术之乡.渴望美好生活的土族青年,正像企盼自由飞翔的小鸟,沐浴着和煦的阳光,展翅奔向更广阔的天地.2008年11月22日晚,我受邀前去参加青海师范大学教师归国独唱音乐会,到场时获知举行独唱音乐会的竟是土族同胞--鄂福全.