The Dissemination and Transformation of Han Chinese-style Sudhana or Chinese-Style Children in Tibetan Buddhist Art during the Ming Dynasty

The Ming Dynasty was one of the important periods of cultural exchange and amalgamation between Han Chinese and Tibetans.Along with the governance of Tibet and other Tibetan areas by the Central Government of the Ming Dynasty,Tibetan culture represented by Buddhism and its art was disseminated in the interior of China,primarily in Nanjing city and Beijing city,the capital of the Ming dynasty.At the same time,Chinese culture represented by Chinese Buddhism and its art was also introduced into Tibet and other Tibetan areas.     

藏汉语言态度和藏语情节(英文)

The language policy being employed in Tibet is"Tibetan language in the majority,but Tibetan and Chinese language side by side".We have already writ- ten articles on language acquisition and the use of Ti- betan and Chinese in Tibet.We find that there is some disparity among Tibetan residents in the acquisition and use of these languages.Subconscious emotion in language has many aspects,including attitudes and actions.We will discuss this in reference to a test analy- sis of attitudes towards the two languages.     

THE WRITER YANGDRON:TIBETAN FEMALES AND MY VIEW OF LITERARY EXPRESSION ON TIBET

正Yangdron,a Tibetan female,graduated from the Chinese Department of Beijing University.Having joined the Association of Chinese Writers in 1997,her short stories won the Literary Creation Prize for Chinese Ethnic Minorities.Some of her works have been included by the Collection of Excellent Works of China's Contemporary Tibetan Writers,Tibet New Stories,and Listen to Tibet,and some were translated into English and published in the USA.In 1994,The Sexless Gods,the first novel written by     

NEW BOOKS

My Stories in Tibet Liao Dongfan,author and renowned scholar in Tibetan studies (being particularly well- versed in Tibetan folklore and popular culture) headed to Tibet and began his career there after graduating from the Chinese Literature Department of Peking University in 1961.In his 24 years of work on the plateau he devoted his time to studying the popular culture and folklore of Tibetans.     

NEW BOOKS

My Stories in Tibet Liao Dongfan,author and renowned scholar in Tibetan studies (being particularly well- versed in Tibetan folklore and popular culture) headed to Tibet and began his career there after graduating from the Chinese Literature Department of Peking University in 1961.In his 24 years of work on the plateau he devoted his time to studying the popular culture and folklore of Tibetans.     

明朝时期汉式善财童子在藏传佛教艺术中的传播（英文）

正The Ming Dynasty was one of the important periods of cultural exchange and amalgamation between Han Chinese and Tibetans.Along with the governance of Tibet and other Tibetan areas by the Central Government of the Ming Dynasty,Tibetan culture represented by Buddhism and its art was disseminated in the interior of China,     

Tibet Is Tibetan, Says TAR Official

Lhasa (Tibet), JULY 25. It is one of those canards that is best exploded by figures. And the canard is as follows-that the Chinese Central Government is pursuing a systematic policy of settling Han Chinese in Tibetan and Tibetans are a minority in the Tibet Autonomous Region(TAR).     

FIRST TIBETAN WEATHER OBSERVER VISITS THE SOUTH POLE

Thousands of scientists in the world have visited the South Pole for scientific survey, but one of the most unique is Benba Cering from Tibet and the first Tibetan to do the work. Sent by the Chinese Academy of Meteorology and its Tibetan Branch, he stayed at the South Pole for 15 months.Benba, now 28, graduated from the Nanjing Institute of Meteorology in 1996, and was assigned to remote sensing work in the Tibet Academy of Meteorology. Three years later, he was invited to receive tra…     

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TIBETAN AND HAN OPERAS

Tibetan opera is an ethnic and unique theatrical genre in the system of Chinese operas. All the ethnic operas in China are directly or indirectly akin to Han operas, so is Tibetan opera. As a member of the big family, Tibetan opera necessarily absorbs some artistic nutrition from other Chinese operas. As a result, it acquires the common style and some common formal characteristics of Chinese national operas as a whole. The generality just lies on the level of cultural genre and overall flavor, however. As for the entity of the theatrical art itself, Tibetan opera is basically and independently derived from Tibetan culture and art except for some indirect influences from Han operas. During Emperor Qiaulong＇s reign, some leaders of the Qing troops stationed in Tibet used to organize soldiers from Shaanxi and Gansu to perform Shaanxi opera in the army In the period of the Republic of China, the office of Commission on Mongolian and Tibetan affairs in Lhasa promoted opera performance to celebrate victory in the Anti-Japanese War, New Year＇s celebrations,     

New Books

Tibet during the Qing Dynasty and Bnlukpa The author,Dr.Thalho from the Ethnology and Anthropology Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,wrote this book based on his wide-ranging and extensive study of historic literature in Chinese,Tibetan,Manchu and English.He sought to systematically analyze the complicated and uneasy relationship between Tibet during the Qing Dynasty and Bulukpa(today’s Bhutan).He offers a profound analysis of how the tributary system     

20世纪40-50年代美国对中国西藏政策的历史演变

The U.S. policy toward Tibet has always changed in accordance with the U.S. international strategy and the U.S. foreign policy toward China. Before the foundation of the People’s Republic of China, the U.S. admitted Chinese sovereignty over Tibet. During the Cold War, due to its anti-communism strategy, the U.S. began to consider recognizing the independence claim of Tibetan separatists, especially after 1959, when the Dalai Lama was exiled abroad. However, the U.S. government has not openly admitted Tibet is an independent country, because, in the light of the historical development of Tibet within China, claims of independence cannot be substantiated and therefore Tibetan separatism cannot win the recognition or support of the majority of countries in the world.     

藏族传统生态文明与藏族聚居区的生态法治建设

我国藏族聚居区生态环境的特殊性导致了其生态法治不仅需要先进的立法技术支持,更需要发掘藏族传统生态文明的"本土资源",尤其是藏族传统生态文明中所蕴含的生态规律等理性因素,这对解决当代藏族聚居区生态法治中的"高原反应"与内在伦理支持的缺失有着重要的现实意义。只有形成藏族聚居区传统生态文明与生态法治建设的深层脉动,才能真正解决其生态法治问题的"病源",构建具有藏族聚居区特色的生态法治,进而维护藏族聚居区的生态安全。     

Making and remaking Tibetan diasporic identities

The fifty-year long Chinese occupation of Tibet has resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands and has produced a refugee flow that continues today. Although the plight of Tibetans commands international attention, this diaspora remains understudied and undertheorized. To speak to this silence, we follow Patterson and Kelley (2000) and argue that the Tibetan diaspora can be analysed as both a condition and a process. Diaspora as condition emphasizes the structural features of an exile population, such as race, gender, class and religion. Diaspora as process draws attention to lived refugee experiences--the making and remaking of diasporic identities. In the Tibetan diaspora, His Holiness the Dalai Lama holds a central position. Through his global profile, and a transnational nationalist political structure, he creates images of Tibet, builds community and works toward Tibetan self-determination. Within this nationalist frame, Tibetan identities assume a singular, unified and homogeneous form. Further analysis that focuses on individual voices, however, shows how Tibetan diasporic identities are contested, complex and embedded in not one but multiple narratives of struggle.     

美国国会“涉藏立法”的历史考察

近二十年来,美国国会通过立法活动提出并通过了一系列干涉中国西藏事务的"涉藏议案"。其主要内容包括:要求美国政府将对华政策与"西藏问题"挂钩;以"西藏人权"为借口干涉西藏事务;为"藏独"势力提供援助,等等。作为美国对华人权外交的组成部分,这些"涉藏议案"对中美关系产生了不容忽视的负面影响,不仅使美国对中国所谓侵犯"西藏人权"问题的干涉长期存在,而且也在很大程度上助长了西藏分裂势力在国外的分裂活动。     

YANGJEN-THE FIRST TIBETAN FEMALE LAWYER

As the first group of Tibetan lawyers in Tibet and actually the first female lawyer,the first lawyer to open a collective law firm in Tibet and the first individual to open a private law consultation firm,Yangjen holds manyfirstin Tibetan law.     

蒙藏院与民国时期的西藏治理述论（1914—1928）

1914—1928年间,在军阀混战、政局多变的大背景下,蒙藏院作为主管蒙藏事务的中央机构,在西藏治理方面做了很多工作,主要是:组织边疆调查,为中央决策提供信息,并参与解决玉树争端;管理喇嘛教事务,办理西藏驻京堪布、内地活佛转世中的涉藏事宜;组织、监督全国性政治会议西藏代表选举和选派,向中央转达西藏地方的意见;协助有关方面派人进藏联络,妥善处理西藏商人进京贸易问题;接待九世班禅,支持西藏地方的爱国力量。这些对加强中央政府与西藏地方的联系、稳固西南边疆发挥了重要作用。但由于种种原因,该院的努力并未完全达到应有的效果。     

文本话语与行为规范:西藏宗教人物传记的史学史意义

本文主要从历史人类学的角度分析西藏历史上曾经大量著述的历史文本,即宗教人物传记。在这类传记中,西藏传统上有其特殊的分类体系和传统写作样本。传记的形式、流传的方式也与世界上任何一个地方的传记都有所不同。在西藏,传记在藏传佛教中被看作属于一种文本"传规"(lung-rgyun),具有特别的含义。传记传流方式对于藏族史学影响也很大,以至于传记成为藏族史学著作中数量最多的文本。对于西藏宗教传记的文化特点、历史演变及其影响加以全方位的研究,有助于我们对藏族文化的更深层次的认识。     

《通典·吐蕃传》的史料价值

《通典》是第一部为吐蕃设立专传的史书 ,包括三个方面的内容 :第一 ,吐蕃的族源风俗与典章制度 ;第二 ,吐蕃大事记及唐蕃关系大事纪年 ;第三 ,吐蕃大相论钦陵与唐朝使者郭元振的长篇对话及郭元振上疏文。本文认为《通典·吐蕃传》是唐代人所著唐代吐蕃史 ,可靠性更高 ,同时也保存了不少为两唐书“吐蕃传”所忽略的珍贵史料 ,值得研究者给予新的重视。     

Imagining the borderlands: managing (to prolong) conflict in Tibet

The current phase of political conflict in Tibet began with pro‐independence protests in the late 1980s and saw a significant surge of unrest in 2008. But that unrest was not continuous and for much of the last 25 years was at a low level of intensity. Yet the Chinese authorities have categorised the situation in Tibet as a ‘life‐and‐death struggle’ against pro‐independence forces throughout this period. This paper notes earlier debates in Chinese history about political strategies for managing borderland peoples, including late imperial era attempts by Chinese officials to forcibly change Tibetan culture that provoked rather than assuaged conflict. It suggests that this happened again in the 1990s when a group of Chinese officials proposed policies that sought directly to change core cultural practices among Tibetans. These policies of selective cultural intervention, unprecedented in the post‐Mao era in Tibet, fuelled long‐term resentment, leading to the violence and unrest of 2008. The paper argues that these policies were inseparable from the institutional interests of the agency within the Chinese Communist Party, the United Front, which had promoted them, to the extent that its status and influence within the state bureaucracy depended on it preventing them from being challenged or reversed. It made cultural intervention in Tibet seem normative to the Chinese policy elite by invoking three interlocked imaginings about ways of managing borderland peoples – the perception of perpetual war, Han expertise at borderland management, and latent threat within borderland cultures. That these have led to the prolonging of conflict in Tibet for over a quarter‐century is a reminder of the importance of considering institutional dynamics in the analysis of ethnic conflict.