对《澳新协定》历史成因的解读

1944年1月21日,澳大利亚与新西兰签订了《澳新协定》。这是西南太平洋地区两个重要的英联邦国家之间签订的有关区域安全与社会发展的合作协定。该协定的签订有着复杂的历史成因。太平洋战争爆发后,盟国建立的对日作战磋商与合作机构以及盟国召开的一系列战略会议对澳方利益的忽视迫使澳大利亚做出反应;英国无力保障太平洋地区英联邦国家的安全,为澳新两国承担这一地区的防御既提供了动力,又创造了条件;澳新在西南太平洋地区存在的特殊利益必然要限制美国对这一地区的影响;而在澳大利亚看来,与新西兰的合作是保障西南太平洋区域安全以及促进该地区经济和社会发展的关键所在。在这些因素作用下,澳新两国把盟国的磋商机制发展成为以协定的形式来体现的双边合作机制。     

New maps and Atlas

Emin Pasha: his Life and Work. Compiled from his Letters, Journals, Scientific Notes, and from Official Documents, by Georg Schweitzer. With an Introduction by E. W. Felkin, M.D., F.B.S.E. With Portraits, Facsimiles, and Map. Translated from the German. Two vols., demy 8vo. Pp. 330 and Introduction, and 312 and Index. Price 32s.

Through Asia. By Sven Hedin. London : Methuen and Co., 1898. Two vols. Pp. 1278. Price 36s. net.

Pioneering in Formosa. Recollections of Adventures among Mandarins, Wreckers and Head‐hunting Savages. By W. A. Pickering, C.M.G. London: Hurst and Blackett, 1898. Pp. xvi + 283. Price 6s.

Wanderings in Burma. By George W. Bird (Educational Department, Burma). With Illustrations and Maps. Bournemouth : F. J. Bright and Son, 1897. Pp. iv + 410. Price 21s. net.

History of Australia. By G. W. Rusden. Second Edition. In 3 vols. Melbourne and London : Melville, Mullen, and Slade, 1897. Pp. 625, 688, and 521+xcii.

Th. Thoroddsen. Geschichte der Isländischen Geographie. Vorstellungen von Island und seiner Natur und Untersuchungen darüber in alter und neuer Zeit. Autorisierte Uebersetzung von August Gebhardt. Zweiter Band : Die islandische Geographie vom Beginne des 17. bis zur Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts. Leipzig: B. G. Teubner, 1898. Pp. xvi + 383. Price 12 M.

Die Beste der Germanen am Schwaraen Meere. Eine Ethnologische Untersuchung von Dr. Richard Loewe. Halle : Max Niemayer, 1896. Pp. 269. Price M. 8.

Die Weltervorhersage. Eine gemeinverständliche praktische Anleitung zur Wettervorhersage auf Grundlage der Zeitungs‐Wetterkarten und Zeitungs‐Wetterberichte für alle Berufsarten. Im Auftrage der Direction der Deutschen Seewarte bearbeitet von Prof. Dr. W. J. van Bebber, Abtheilungsvorstand der Deutschen Seewarte. Mit zahlreichen Beispielen und 125 Abbildungen. Second Edition. Stuttgart: 1898. Pp. 215 and Index.

Grundzüge der Pflanzengeographie. Von F. Höck. Breslau : F. Hirt, 1897. Pp. 188. 50 Figs. 2 Maps.

Perigrinazioni Anthropologiche e Fisiche. Del Dott. Tito Vignoli. Studio Comparative) tra le Forme Organiche Naturali e le Forme Geometriche Pure. Del Prof. G. V. Schiaparelli. Milano: Ulrico Hoepli, 1898. Pp. 307. Price, L5.

Russian Hosts and English Guests in Central Asia. By J. T. Woolrych Perowne. London : The Scientific Press, Ltd., 1898.     

The Waitangi tribunal in New Zealand

The Waitangi Tribunal has been initiating major changes in New Zealand in the relationships of Maori and Pakeha. It has helped to revitalise the Treaty of Waitangi to redress Maori grievances over land, fisheries and many other matters. The paper outlines the jurisdiction, composition and procedures of the Tribunal and discusses the Treaty briefly. The Treaty and Maori rights have been given little recognition in legislation until recently and consequently little recognition by the Courts. A major decision of the Appeal Court in 1987 in relation to land held by State‐owned enterprises is discussed, leading to a consideration of the partnership principle fundamental to the Treaty. Because the Tribunal is not exclusively concerned with judicial questions but has a political role as well, its relations with government and administration have to be considered in some detail. Notwithstanding criticism of it and the belief of some that it should have more power, the Tribunal is a major instrument of reform in New Zealand.     

The growth of antinuclearism in New Zealand

This paper explores the transformation of antinuclear opinion in New Zealand into a more durable and structured political orientation. Antinuclear opinion first gripped a large portion of the New Zealand public after that nation's government banned the entry of United States nuclear warships in 1984. At that time, the public rallied behind the government's action. This consolidation effect, however, showed signs of being impermanent by 1986; antinuclear opinion appeared to be on the wane. Surprisingly, by 1989 this sentiment had finned into a more structured attitude, regardless of the fact that the government responsible for the nuclear ships ban had become very unpopular. The youthful cast to antinuclearism in New Zealand suggests that this orientation is in the process of becoming a fixture of that country's political culture. Political socialisation experiences best explain the continuation and growth of this orientation. The database used in this study comes from a series of national surveys—the most pertinent of which are polls conducted in 1985 and 1989.     

驾临新西兰 感受人间梦幻田园

<正>了解新西兰是从一本英文小册子开始的,册子的开头这样写道:新西兰(又译纽西兰)是国土面积比英国略大,比日本略小的国家,人口439万。经过两周的申请,我终于拿到了入境签证,踏上了驾临新西兰的神奇而难忘旅程。     

新中国成立后历史考证学的新境界

在1949年以前业已取得很大成就的20世纪中国历史考证学,进入新中国以后,由于一批原先熟悉严密考证方法的史学家接受了唯物史观的指导,他们做到既发扬广搜史料、互相参证的优良传统,又能把握历史演进的大势,由表及里,探求历史事件之间的联系和发展演变的趋势,达到对历史本质的认识,因而使历史考证学达到了新的境界。他们的卓越成就为20世纪中国史学谱写了出色的篇章,留给我们许多重要的启示。     

The Treaty of Waitangi in Contemporary New Zealand Politics

This paper identifies three discourses that are prominent in contemporary Treaty of Waitangi policy debate, each with significantly different implications for Maori political status within the modern nation-state. At one extreme the Treaty's significance is exaggerated by overemphasis on partnership as an implicit Treaty principle. At another extreme the Treaty's significance is understated by an assimilationist position that denies the Treaty's relevance to Indigenous rights which, in turn, imposes serious constraint on the extent to which partnership can actually develop into comprehensive policy practice. An alternative position is one that sees the Treaty, which is supported in international law, as affirming a twofold conception of citizenship as the basis of both individual and collective Maori rights.     

《中国历史地图集·西夏幅》补释

在对《中国历史地图集·西夏幅》绘制背景、资料来源、地理要素梳理和考释的基础上,结合北方民族的地缘状况及历史演变,文章指出《中国历史地图集·西夏幅》绘制过程中的北部疆界“模糊性”问题并非个案,而是北方民族政权疆界划分中普遍存在的现象,有必要重新审视与梳理。着眼未来,西夏文文献和考古出土资料将成为《中国历史地图集·西夏幅》修订的重要信息补充和资料来源。