试论埃及穆斯林兄弟会的二重性问题

埃及穆斯林兄弟会是以宗教为基础的全方位社会政治运动 ,兼具宗教与政治、和平与暴力两种二重性。本文以这两种二重性为视角 ,解读兄弟会创始人哈桑·班纳的宗教思想和社会政治主张 ,比较系统地梳理了班纳的哈里发思想和圣战观、班纳关于统治制度的思想 ,并历史地考察了哈桑·班纳时代兄弟会运动的二重性转换和纳赛尔—萨达特时代兄弟会运动的二重性问题。     

Egypt,Islamists, and the Internet: The Case of the Muslim Brotherhood and Its Rhetoric of Dialectics in Ikhwanweb

This essay offers an ideological analysis of the rhetoric of the Islamist Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood (MB) in its official English‐language Web site, Ikhwanweb, between 2005 and 2010 — years preceding the Egyptian uprising of January 2011. The purpose was to examine the ideology manifest in the rhetoric and uncover the instrumental function the rhetoric served. Analysis brought forth a post‐Islamist ideology manifest through a rhetoric of dialectics. The instrumental function of the Egyptian MB's rhetoric in Ikhwanweb was to alter Western societies' monolithic understanding of Islamism — radical, undemocratic, inflexible. The cyber‐rhetoric was also used as a means to disapprove certain Western agents' support for authoritarian regimes. During Mubarak's rule, Ikhwanweb was used as a communicative medium to demonstrate to the West the Egyptian MB's need to be valued — respected regardless of ideological differences, understood rather than essentialized, stereotyped, and prejudged, and supported as a pragmatic, political entity within Egypt.     

South Sudan: a volatile dynamic of accountability and peace

Since the warring parties to South Sudan's civil war (2013–15) signed a peace agreement in August 2015, South Sudan has endured a series of setbacks and clashes that have threatened the fragile peace process. This article examines many key factors affecting the peace process, including rampant corruption, military factionalism, gross human rights abuses and ineffective foreign intervention/pressure. It shows that the past and present failure to structure accountability at the institutional level drives the instability and distrust that has limited the political dialogue and consensus needed to implement the peace deal. To frame this issue of accountability, the article distinguishes between core (essential) and peripheral (self‐serving) objectives of promoting accountability. In doing so, it seeks to devise and apply the logic of this dynamic of accountability and to explain the unexpected outcomes of South Sudan's conflict. It argues that, rather than transforming the conditions and hostile relations of South Sudan's situation, international demands for accountability continue to fuel the volatile tensions between international authorities and the various factions inside the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A). The central conclusion the article draws is that instead of signifying the official beginning of the end of the conflict, the peace agreement has wedged itself between the core and peripheral objectives of accountability, thereby setting the stage for further stalemate and increasing distrust among domestic and international authorities.     

民族主义视角下的苏丹南北内战

苏丹南北内战是北方的阿拉伯主义和南方的非洲主义之间的冲突。其原因在于苏丹国家民族主义意识成长不足及国家领导人试图同化苏丹南方黑人的阿拉伯化和伊斯兰化政策。该问题的最终解决取决于苏丹国家现代化的发展及当权者的民族平等政策。     

The Canadian Council of Muslim Women: A Chapter in the History of Muslim Women in Canada

We want to identify and collect data on the special need concerns, interests, talents, successes and frustrations of Canadian Muslim women; we intend to sensitize Canadian Muslim men and women, young and old, so that they may understand each other better and relate to one another more meaningfully and effectively. We want to inform and educate fellow Canadians about our Islamic heritage. We also plan to reach out to, and build coalitions with, other women's groups who share and respect our ideals and concerns. Beyond Canada, we shall join hands with sister organizations in promoting human dignity and world peace. In these endeavors, we seek your cooperation and support. The Canadian Muslim Woman is your voice. Help us make it a voice of reason and moderation.¹     

对我国社会中介组织监管模式的反思与重构

随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的逐步建立以及社会结构的日趋分化,促进社会中介组织快速发展、建立完善的社会中介组织监管体系成为建设和谐社会中的重大课题。然而,我国现行的社会中介监管却受到多种因素的制约,已明显落后于发展的需要,出现了监管存在盲区、监管效率不高以及力度不够等问题。要提高监管能力,就必须从监管理念、监管体制、监管模式等方面进行创新。