汉代的炙与炙炉

本文主要从考古资料入手,并结合相关文献,对我国汉代食物烹制方法之一的"炙"进行了简单诠释,并对"炙"的器具--炙炉的形制结构有一个较为详细的介绍,希望以此对于研究汉代饮食文化及社会生活有所帮助.     

汉代乐器架座的考古学研究

汉代乐器架座形制多样,大致包括动物形、覆斗方形以及山形、"十"字交叉形等几种。西汉中期之前具有较多的周楚文化风格,其后形制渐趋固定。出有乐器架座实物的汉墓,墓主身份以诸侯王为主;非诸侯王者,其身份亦均在列侯及与列侯相当的级别之上。乐器架座形制及使用情况的变迁亦与汉代由雅趋俗的尚乐观念转变以及辟邪、升仙思想的盛行等密切相关。     

江苏新沂前沟汉代墓地D1 、D2发掘简报

2018年,徐州博物馆、新沂市博物馆联合对前沟汉代墓地其中两个土墩进行考古发掘,共清理墓葬49座.墓葬形制多样,排列有序,在年代上有一定承袭关系.从墓葬形制和随葬器物推断,墓葬时代在西汉晚期至东汉时期.前沟汉代墓地是一处规模较大的汉代土墩墓群,该墓地发掘为研究徐州地区乃至江苏汉代土墩墓类型提供了新的考古资料.     

汉代“襁褓”“负子”与“襁负”考

婴儿养护方式是考察儿童生活史应当关注的重要方面。在汉代比较重视儿童养育的文化条件下,"襁褓"作为维系"小儿被"以保护婴儿的形式,成为社会生活史记忆中印象深刻的物质存在。在劳动妇女往往"负子"从事劳作的情况下,"襁褓"是必备条件。社会物质文化史中,"襁褓"是关系着婴儿保育、家庭生活和社会生产的存在,在行政史的描述中,也有关于"襁负而至"这种特殊的交通方式的记录。相关文化信息,应当受到交通史研究者关注。汉代画象资料和文物遗存所见"襁褓"的具体形制,有益于儿童生活史的考察。夭折婴儿的丧葬遗存中,也可以看到汉代"襁褓"的实物。     

汉代的人形铜镇

汉代人形铜镇造型生动诙谐。本文将迄今公布的9例成组的人形铜镇按照形制的差异划分为四组,并探讨了其形制变化与时代、地域的关系,同时还对其使用功能以及表现内容进行了一些探讨研究。     

豫北晋南地区汉代墓葬研究

本文通过对豫北晋南地区汉代墓葬的形制、随葬品的类型学研究和文化因素分析,建立该区的分期,讨论文化因素属性。在此基础上,考察各类文化因素在不同历史阶段的接触方式、影响程度,进而深入探讨豫北晋南地区汉代考古学文化的特点及其发展历程。     

农具铚的考古发现与再研究

考古表明,农具铚最早出现于殷商时期,盛行于春秋战国,直至汉代,从其形制的异同推断,它们可能源于两个体类,即刀系和镰系。研究认为,铚主要是摘取麦、稻、粟、黍等禾本科结穗作物的工具,另从发现的区域看,铚的存在与大量使用代表了古老割穗方式在我国北方地区、西南地区和长江下游地区的延续,是当时"周边四裔"重要的农业收割工具。     

汉代的计时器及相关问题

中国古人的时间观念和计时方法,主要起源于对太阳的观察。汉代大致使用日钟和水钟两类计时器①;前者包括土圭、表和日晷,后者包括沉箭漏、浮箭漏和简易的田漏等。汉代采用以水钟为主的计时体系,但水钟必须依赖日钟来校准。在此认识的基础上,探讨了汉代的表与刻漏的形制及使用情况,并追索它们在汉简资料中的踪迹。     

河南密县密新商场汉墓和陶窑的发掘

一九八八年十一月为配合密新商场建设,郑州市文物工作队发掘了汉代画像空心砖室墓、小砖室墓各一座及一座汉代陶窑(图一),现简报于后。一、墓葬1.墓葬形制两墓位于商场中部,道路东侧的断崖下。南侧为空心砖墓,北侧为小砖墓。因两墓道向东伸入断崖,所以未进行发掘。两墓原编号为 M3,为了叙述方便,根据建材和形制的     

东晋南朝钱币的“私铸”辨析

秦汉以来,国家通常禁止私人铸币,立有"盗铸钱令"。史载汉代曾二次开放钱币"私铸"。其一,汉初,因"秦钱重难用,更令民铸钱",对私铸钱的形制、质量没有任何规定。这是在改朝换代之际来不及建立新的货币制度背景下的特殊政策,对后代没有大的影响。其二,据     

Climate and energy security policies and measures: synergies and conflicts

Concerns about climate and energy security are leading to increased government intervention in the energy sector, in particular as they relate to the choice of energy supply options. While many of these options will improve both energy and climate security, many measures will benefit one while harming the other. This raises an important question for governments and energy planners: how can conflicts between climate and energy security be resolved? This article outlines some of the barriers and problems that may arise as governments and companies try to address climate and energy security concerns simultaneously in various energy supply areas. It concludes by arguing against choosing one objective over the other, and by outlining steps that can be taken to help resolve conflicts between the two agendas.     

我和我的兄弟姐妹

1938年．我出生在金沙江畔一个叫巴塘的小县城里。生在哪一天．至今不知道．因此．六十多年过去了．我从来也没有过过生日。     

Challenger and Chernobyl Lessons and Reflections

Abstract

It is argued that Psychological research on 'race' and 'ethnicity' issues presents a number of ethical problems. These relate to the sociopolitical impact of such research, particularly when it purports to find differences of an 'innate' character; to the use of naive subjects, particularly children, in research which is aimed at demonstrating their 'inferiority'; and, within the academic community itself, to the working relationships between researchers who believe in 'innate' 'race' differences and colleagues belonging to allegedly 'inferior' groups – this being particularly significant within a teaching environment. Although the 'race differences' question has a long and controversial history, ethical issues relating to the research process itself have received less focused attention. Moreover, replacement of the genetically obsolete concept of 'race' with the idea of 'ethnicity' does not solve the problem entirely, and the term 'ethnicity' is itself unsatisfactory in several respects.     

Power and Ethnicity History and Anthropology

This essay reflects on the relationship between anthropological and historical scholarship of ethnicity, picking up on themes explored by Andre Gingrich, by considering the epistemological and evidentiary limitations of social scientific and historical analysis and reconstruction. Beginning with the consideration of the pioneering transdisciplinary efforts of Robert Darnton and Clifford Geertz, it argues that many of the weaknesses ascribed to such efforts are actually part of the nature of social scientific investigation which, in the terms of Peter Winch, must take into account two sets of relationships: that of the relationship between the scientist and the phenomena that he or she observes and the symbolic system that he or she shares with other scientists, which can only be understood from the social context of common activity. How these two relationships challenge social scientific analysis of ethnicity are examined through a consideration of the difficulties of applying Anthony Smith's definition of an ethnie to either Fredrik Barth's classic essay on “Pathan Identity and its Maintenance” or Helmut Reimitz's study of Frankish identity. It concludes that neither anthropologists nor historians are simply describing societies as they are or as they were but rather attempt to describe societies as witnesses within them thought they should be, and we do this for our own society, not for those of the participants, past or present.     

Of Demons and Angels and Historical Humans: Some Events and Questions in Translation and Post-colonial Theory

In what follows, I attempt to show that a look at some curious examples of translations from European texts makes us think about issues in translation theory and post-colonial theory from a slightly different angle. The metaphor of translation can very well be employed for understanding the relation between European texts, and some texts and some social and political practices in India in the colonial period, and this in turn helps us look critically at what I shall call our fuzzy post-colonialism. I also argue that Walter Benjamin's metaphor of translation as the after-life of a work can be extended to posit two basic modes of after-life.     

后伊拉克时代与中国的内政外交--普遍主义与单边主义的冲突

"9·11"事件后,冷战后的国际政治格局发生了重大变化.其最大特征可以概括为以下两点:第一,确立了以唯一超级大国--美国为核心的以反恐为普遍主义的全球性安全阵线;第二,美国的爱国主义、民族主义戏剧性地高涨起来.就像当时有人强调因为全世界有60多个国家的人在世界贸易中心工作,所以对世贸中心的攻击就是对全世界的攻击那样,在美国国民中普遍存在着这样的观点:因为美国社会自身就是世界的缩影,所以星条旗也可被看作是超越一国国界的全人类的普遍象征.