Russian Investment in the Commonwealth of Independent States

The paper by three RAND Corporation specialists analyzes the extent, rationale, and role of Russian investment in other member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Based on a unique, comprehensive survey, it evaluates differences between Russian and Western investors—in particular, the effects of Russian business practices in promoting or retarding reforms directed at expanding market activities, improving governance, and reducing corruption. The authors also assess the extent of Russian government involvement in investment decisions and explore whether that government has an operational agenda for encouraging investment in other countries of the CIS. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: F21, F23, O18. 4 figures, 4 tables, 37 references, 2 appendices.     

Observations on the Geographical Dimensions of Russia's Resource Abundance

A UK-based authority on Russia's economic geography examines the geographical dimensions of Russia's resource abundance, devoting particular attention to the spatial redistribution of resource rents generated by extraction, primary processing, and fabrication. After establishing Russia's credentials as a "resource-abundant economy," the author identifies the country's resource regions and considers their relative importance in terms of population, territory, and national economic contribution. He then considers the various dimensions (and different geographies) of resource rent, focusing on the oil and gas sector. The paper extends Gaddy and Ickes' (2005) macro-economic assessment and discusses the consequences of rent redistribution for interregional income flows as well as Russia's territorial cohesion. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: O11, O13, O18, Q30. 5 figures, 1 table, 55 references.     

旅游业后发地区发展战略研究

本分析了旅游业后发地区的内涵及产业特征,对其发展条件进行了SWOT分析,并提出了针对性的产业发展战略对策。     

外商投资中国旅游业的法律环境

本文集中讨论外商投资中国旅游业的如下法律问题：外商投资中国旅游业的发展趋势、外商投资中国旅游业法律环境的构成、外商投资中国旅游业法律环境评价以及外商投资中国旅游业法律环境的改善。本文认为,在跨国公司不断扩大对中国旅游业投资的过程中,面,临复杂的矛盾和冲突,需要有专门的、可操作的法律规范予以调整。因此,必须加快中国旅游基本法的出台,加强国内法和国际法的吻合,以为外商投资旅游创设良好的法律环境。     

The Global Economic Crisis and Foreign Investment in Russia from the EU: Empirical Evidence from Firm-Level Data

This paper empirically examines the impact of the recent global economic crisis on foreign investment from EU countries in Russia by estimating a location choice model for foreign firms' entry in Russian regions for the period 1997-2011. It also examines the relative importance of various determinants of location choice on the redistribution of foreign-owned firms among Russian regions before and after the crisis. Strong evidence during the post-crisis period (2008-2011) of a decrease in market-seeking foreign investment in manufacturing and resource-seeking foreign investment in trade is examined not only in light of the crisis but also (in the latter case) within the context of the new Russian law for foreign investment in strategic industries, which went into effect in 2008.     

中国企业对日投资现状及其演变

进入21世纪,中国企业的海外投资出现跳跃式增长,海外投资已经成为中国维持经济可持续增长和国际化的关键。中国企业的对日投资在经历了从无到有、由小渐大的缓慢增长历程后,随着中日经贸关系的好转,开始出现新的发展势头。本文将以中国企业海外投资的大环境为背景,以中国企业对日投资的战略推移和演变为方向,结合近几年投资现状和具体案例,探讨中国企业对日投资的最新进展及态势。     

20世纪50年代基本建设投资的前提和结构

20世纪50年代,我国内地基本建设投资的前提是:生产力水平低下,人均产值低;资金紧缺,但资产相对集中;西方国家对我国实行经济封锁;我国确立了优先发展重工业的工业化方针.通过对我国经济建设投资的产业结构、区域布局、项目结构、主体结构的分析,我们可以得到几点启示:投资管理体制的变化要适应生产力发展的要求;建设规模不能超过国力许可的范围,急于求成必将适得其反;综合平衡应从短线出发.     

Emerging Chinese Role in Shaping St. Petersburg's Urban Landscape: Interscalar Investment Strategies in the Development of a Residential Megaproject

The paper, by an American geographer, discusses the origin and development of a Chinese-financed residential megaproject (Baltic Pearl) located southwest of St. Petersburg's historical district. Viewing Baltic Pearl as reportedly the largest investment project undertaken outside China by a government-sponsored Chinese consortium, the author places it in the context of state-level Sino-Russian relations and Russian unease over the influx of Chinese migrants and culture. Reflecting the author's extensive field work in St. Petersburg and Shanghai, the focus of the paper is on the way the consortium was forced to adopt interscalar (i.e., both state and municipal/urban) strategies responsive to local conditions, providing a potentially useful precedent and model for Chinese and other investors seeking to penetrate Russia's urban markets.     

20世纪80年代沿海地区经济发展战略的选择及其效应

沿海地区经济发展战略作为一个关系到整个国民经济全局的重大决策,是贯彻邓小平“部分先富带后富”思想的重大举措,也是基于改革开放新形势的正确选择。其基本内涵,不仅是沿海地区要发展外向型经济,而且更重要的是沿海地区要率先发展起来,影响和带动全国经济的发展。这一新战略的实施,有力地促进了改革和开放的有机结合,不仅开创了我国国民经济发展的新局面,也成为新时期中国工业化发展道路探索的新起点。     

对青海少数民族地区人口与经济协调发展的思考

本文以青海省为例,从狠抓经济发展,为少数民族人口持续发展提供可靠物质保障等六个方面系统阐述了促进青海少数民族人口与经济协调发展的对策措施。     

“日本投资模式”在东亚经济效应分析

根据小岛清的“边际产业扩张论”,日本对东亚的“顺贸易导向型”投资,对扩大东道国贸易,促进东道国宏观经济增长均有较大的积极效应,在东亚工业化初期发挥了“进口替代效应”,为建立“出口加工基地”做出了一定的贡献,但是由于日本对东亚投资结构的固定化类同化,技术转让滞后等,到了90年代后,不仅日本国内陷入长期的萧条,而且也诱导了东亚金融危机的爆发,且无力扭转东亚地区严重的经济危机。     

1958年中国改变户口自由迁移制度的历史原因

新中国初期,制定了重工业优先发展的战略。为此,中央政府不断地发布命令,阻止农民入城务工,以确保农业为工业建设提供充足的商品粮食。与此同时,为了稳定城市工业化建设队伍,中国逐渐地在计划经济体制下,把就业、粮食和社会福利等与城市户口挂钩,并于1958年中国取消了户口自由迁移制度。     

20世纪50～70年代中国西北地区重工业化道路的选择与反思

西北地区由于历史的、环境的、经济的因素,依靠国家政策、资金的投入,形成了重工业化结构。西北地区重工业化道路经历了20世纪三四十年代重工业奠基、新中国计划经济模式下重工业化的进一步发展、国防指向下的再次重工业化等几个发展阶段。西北地区矿产资源优势与重工业布局使西北五省区形成了嵌入型、跳跃式发展的重工业化结构,对西北五省区工业经济的发展产生了深远的影响。     

Challenges to Western Participation in Shaping the Urban Landscape of Post-Socialist St. Petersburg: The Failure of International Competitions for Iconic Architectural Projects

The paper, based on a series of interviews in St. Petersburg conducted in 2009 and 2010 by an American geographer, discusses the failure of major iconic architectural projects awarded to Western firms through international architectural competitions. The projects, sought by Russian government and business leaders to enhance the city's re-emerging global status, are viewed as likely examples of diminished Western participation in the shaping of St. Petersburg's iconic urban landscape. The author attributes the failure to financial setbacks, and primarily also to a recalcitrant bureaucracy, red tape, overly strict building codes and regulations, corruption as well as negative reaction by local residents and media outlets.