In Defense of "Geopolitical Remote Sensing": Reply to Moisio and Harle

The author of a recently published paper on Finland's identity politics and national identity (Antonsich, 2005) responds to comments presented in the preceding paper in this issue of Eurasian Geography and Economics (Moisio and Harle, 2006). The rejoinder focuses on the nature of place knowledge acquired "in place" versus "at distance" as well as on more specific differences in perspective (e.g., use of sources, terminology, critical geopolitcs). Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: O52, Z13, 14 references.     

Cross‐Disciplinarity in Australian Geography Presidential Address to the Institute of Australian Geographers’ Conference,Melbourne, July 20071

The disciplinary space that geographers conceive to be theirs has all been previously possessed, or latterly colonised, by other disciplines. Geographers defend their existence on the basis of their oft‐asserted, but never tested, cross‐disciplinarity. The journals in which refereed papers were published by members of the Institute of Australian Geographers (IAG) and the papers in Australian Geographical Studies were analysed for the period 1998–2002 to test the hypothesis of cross‐disciplinarity in both subject and method. IAG members do strongly tend to publish in more than one disciplinary area, and a large proportion of papers in Australian Geographical Studies are integrative across subdisciplines in geography, with many using more than one methodological approach. However, transgression of the physical geography/human geography divide was sufficiently uncommon to create a statistical break between sets of subdisciplines. Based on the data used in the present paper, Australian geographers can make a case for being members of a vital, integrative discipline, likely to make substantial advances in the hybrid spaces.     

Men at home,men and home in two Anglophone novels by Indian women writers

Postcolonial Indian women novelists writing in English have been deeply concerned with addressing the ways in which ‘home’ in patriarchal societies is an ambiguous space, characterized by unequal gender relationships that make it a terrain rife with violence, and feelings of alienation and discontent for women. Through the lens of two contemporary Anglophone novels by Indian women writers, Arundhati Roy’s (1997) The God of Small Things and Manju Kapur’s (2006) Home, this article evaluates the significance of the relationship between male identities, politics and domestic spaces in India. Focusing primarily on two bourgeois male characters, Estha and Vicky, the article examines, in depth, their painful coming-of-age in terms of the complex intersection of gender, class and age hierarchies in the domestic arena and demonstrates the centrality of the concept of home to their sense of self and space.     

Priestley and Kant on materialism

ABSTRACT

Kant maintains in the Critique of Pure Reason that both materialism and spiritualism cannot explain our existence. This paper argues that Kant’s relation to (psychological) materialism is more complex than this rejection suggests and is usually thought, and it evaluates this relation in a new and more positive light. The paper shows that Priestley anticipates some of Kant’s arguments against rationalist psychology, and that Kant’s rejection of materialism does not commit him to an immaterialist metaphysics of the soul. These arguments involve a discussion of the problem of the unity of consciousness and of notions such as simplicity and identity.     

Remembering the past against the grain: an analysis of the reconstructions of the past in The Sunday News's ‘Lest We Forget’ column

Memories of the nationalist struggle are fervently contested in Zimbabwean public spaces such as the media. This paper examines the emergence of the counter‐hegemonic historical narratives in the state‐controlled media that seek to subvert the dominant nationalist discourses propagated by the ruling party, Zimbabwe African National Union Patriotic Front (ZANU PF). Focusing on the Sunday News's Lest We Forget newspaper column, the paper analyses the representations of the role played by the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) in the liberation struggle, a nationalist movement whose contributions are marginalised and obscured in the official nationalist historiography. Given that in Zimbabwe the state‐owned media are generally viewed as mouthpieces of the ruling party, this paper identifies the tensions in the Sunday News as alternative historical memories are being reproduced and sustained. Drawing upon the critical discourse analysis (CDA) method, this article argues that alternative historical imaginations are rekindled in the state media.     

Pedestrian perils on the road to Irish identity in Joyce and Bowen

This article identifies and explores some major facets of an important theme in the works of James Joyce and Elizabeth Bowen that adds to our understanding of the complex ways in which both writers construed Irishness. Striving to acknowledge what they saw as the value of walking without embracing its English nationalist or Romantic associations, these modernists depict walking in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Ireland as a beneficial means of expressing and experimenting with different permutations of Irish identity, largely because of the opportunity it presented to negotiate a variety of dangers. By emphasising walking’s taxing and often perilous material realities, Joyce in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and Ulysses and Bowen in Seven Winters and The Last September recast the idealised English Romantic view of walking as a darker and more menacing activity that nevertheless offers a useful strategy for articulating fluctuating conceptions of Irishness during the tumultuous period lasting roughly from the death of Parnell through to the Irish War of Independence.     

The Limits of Geopolitical Remote Sensing

Two Finnish scholars provide critical commentary on a paper on Finland's identity politics and national identity, published in a 2005 issue of Eurasian Geography and Economics (Antonsich, 2005). In the process, they criticize the practice of "geopolitical remote sensing" more generally, arguing that it is symptomatic of a broader methodological problem in human geography. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: O52, Z13. 17 references.     

Brief reflections on the journal Italianists keep

Abstract

The following three papers were given at a Round Table held at New York University's Casa Italiana in October 2005, chaired by Ruth Ben-Ghiat. As part of the events held to mark the tenth anniversary of the Journal of Modern Italian Studies, we asked our three invited speakers – Raymond Grew, Elizabeth Krause and Paolo Macry – to comment on the directions taken by the JMIS in its first decade and to set out some objectives for the future.     

Editorial opinion and the Whitlam government

Half of the editorials in nine Australian newspapers referred in some way to the national Labor government between December, 1972 and March, 1975. Those editorials were 21 per cent positive towards the government, 37 per cent balanced, and 42 per cent hostile towards the government. The negative 42 per cent kept editorials negative on balance for three‐quarters of the time. Only one poper, The Age, was on balance (mildly) favourable towards the government, the rest were hostile. In their month by month variations in opinion towards the government the papers tended to move up or down together, and they made two general movements downwards and two general movements upwards. Editorial opinion towards the government and public opinion towards the government moved up and down together, with changes in editorial opinion tending to foreshadow and hence possibly helping to shape changes in public opinion. Papers in the states did not resemble each other, and whether papers in the same ownership chains did so depended on the chain. Public opinion varied more with changes in the level of employment than did editorial opinion.⁸     

Bibliometric Indicators of the Scholarly Productivity of Researchers and Scientists in Kuwait as Documented by Citation to Their Published Works

The study uses the bibliometric method of research to examine the productivity of academic scientists and re searchers in Kuwait. The Institute for Scientific Information's Arts and Humanities Index, Social Science Index, and Science Citation Index are surveyed to gather the data by department and year from 1986 through 1995. Analysis of Kuwaiti cited papers show the majority of journals (35%) which cited Kuwaiti institutions are published in the U.S. Analysis of the papers published in 1994 revealed that Kuwaiti's participation in the international scientific literature is higher than those of their colleagues from Morocco or Egypt. The data is discussed in light of theories of bibliometrics and the Bradford Law of Scattering.     

Addressing data comparability in the creation of combined data sets of bioapatite carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions

Before amalgamating published isotope data, comparability should be demonstrated. This paper compares carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of 30 enamel samples measured by two laboratories. The aims were to see what, if any, isotopic variation was observed, to determine the causes as needed and to correct if possible. Bioapatite was acidified at 90°C in 2006 and at 26°C in 2017, while δ values were corrected via one‐point normalization in 2006 and by two‐point normalization in 2017. One case (of the 30) produced different δ values between the analysis dates, suggesting contamination. Repeated carbon isotope ratio measurements were not meaningfully different. Repeated oxygen isotope ratio measurements were significantly different, even following correction for acid‐carbonate fractionation at different temperatures and the renormalization of 2017 δ values using one point; however, differences were not meaningful for interpretations. Results were used to calculate real interpretative differences (RIDs) for comparing enamel bioapatite as 0.6‰ for δ¹³C values and as 1.6‰ for δ¹⁸O values.     

Problems in the Theory of Geography in the Section on Geographic Theory and Model Building at the 22d International Geographical Congress

The chairman of Leningrad University's Geography Faculty presents a critical review of the section on geographic theory and model building at the International Geographical Congress in Montreal, in which he participated. He finds the section to have been poorly integrated, with no common focus between the papers on theory and on models. [Some of the author's comments on individual papers appear based on misreading or misinterpretation of the English texts, and the most salient differences have been noted in brackets.—Editor, S. G.]     

Observations on the Population of Vilnius: The Grim Years and the 1942 Census

An American geographer, commenting on the preceding paper in this issue (Weeks, 2006), focuses more deeply on the results of a little-known but significant census organized by the Germans in May 1942. The author seeks to produce a credible estimate of the city's Jewish population (excluded from the census) some 11 months after the German invasion of Vilnius, and explores the factors underlying various claims that the census distorted the size of the Lithuanian and Polish populations. In the process, he sheds light on a deep interlayering of relationships among the city's diverse ethnic groups that contributes to a unique "sense of place" experienced by city residents. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: O15, O18, R14. 7 figures, 3 tables, 63 references.     

The rediscovery of ‘the national’ in the 1990s – contexts,new cultural forms and practices in reunified Germany

This article examines how and in which societal and political contexts nationhood is expressed and symbolised in reunified Germany. This ‘rediscovery’ of nationhood since the 1990s mixes new and old motifs of the cultural repertoire of ‘the national’ for different purposes. Three main contexts triggered a rediscovery of ‘the national’ after 1989: reunification, immigration and the retrenchment of the social state. I argue, by analysing ethnographic material and political discourses, that these contexts, on the one hand, rearticulate old forms of ethnic and cultural nationalism and, on the other hand, create new images and symbols of an open civic society and immigration country. There are ‘playful’ forms, such as campaigns of nation branding, that symbolically include the ‘productive’ and ‘useful’ immigrant into the national project. Moreover, such campaigns serve to legitimatise the downsizing of the national state that – according to a neoliberal attitude – relies on a new community spirit of entrepreneurial, ‘activated’ citizens who ‘help themselves’. Thus, focusing on these pluralised renationalisation processes makes evident how polyvalent ‘the national’ still is. It can be employed by those who attempt to ‘reunite’ the East and West Germans, by businesses to sell their goods and ideas and by almost any political orientation, be it right‐wing or left‐wing.     

Earliest evidence of spinal tuberculosis from the Aneolithic Yayoi period in Japan

Tuberculosis has existed from early prehistoric days to modern times. The main causative agents of tuberculosis worldwide are Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) and M. bovis, along with M. africanum, M. cenettii and M. microti; these species make up the ‘M. tuberculosis complex’. This worldwide infection has been of special interest to palaeopathologists due to its characteristic bone lesions as well as its great antiquity. Historically, tuberculosis has been recognised in Japan for more than a thousand years. However, the origin and early prevalence of tuberculosis remain unknown. In the present study, we present the earliest evidence of skeletal tuberculosis found in the Aneolithic Yayoi period in Japan (ca. 300 BC to AD 300). The skeletal remains showing typical pathological changes of spinal tuberculosis were dated to between 454 BC and AD 124 by dendrochronological methods using coburied arrow-shield board and house columns made of Japanese cedar. We discuss the early prevalence of this infectious disease and its influence on the population history of the Japanese from prehistoric to Aneolithic times. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

European Union at the Crossroads: A Framing Comment

In a framing comment embracing the preceding four papers devoted to the enlargement of the European Union in 2004, a prominent American geographer reviews some of the major problems confronting the European continent. The paper, which begins with the author's view of Europe's dilemma in late 2006, covers a number of geographic implications of the May 2004 expansion. Noted are Russia's overland access to Kaliningrad, the addition of ca. 8 million underprivileged Roma (presently the Union's largest minority population), the potentially divisive new boundary with Russia, the future candidate states emerging from the former Yugoslavia, the prospects of Ukraine's possible membership, and the challenge of Turkey's quest for admission to the EU. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: F02, F20, P20. 2 figures, 34 references.     

From Moments to Histories: A Social Archaeology of the Mesolithic?

This contribution will provide a critical overview of the other papers within this special issue of Journal of World Prehistory (Elliott and Little 2018), identifying key aspects of the discussion and assessing potentials and problems in the development of Mesolithic archaeology in Britain and Ireland as a whole since 2006 (Conneller and Warren in Mesolithic Britain and Ireland: New approaches, Stroud, Tempus, 2006a). Reflections will include how the contribution of very high-resolution analyses to Mesolithic archaeology has changed since 2006 and the scale of our interpretations. The review will also identify areas which appear to be falling from analytical focus, including the role of analogies in Mesolithic archaeology and the nature of power and social relationships in Mesolithic communities.     

The Deleterious Dominance of The Times in Nineteenth-Century Scholarship

The Times was a mid-nineteenth-century newspaper phenomenon, defeating rival London newspapers through its skilful management, advanced technology, greater editorial resources and access to powerful politicians. Its authority enabled it to make and break governments. However, the uniqueness of The Times limits its usefulness as a historical source. This article begins with a brief history of The Times, before analysing how the newspaper remains centre stage in the historiography of journalism and of nineteenth-century culture more broadly, despite the digitization of provincial and other London papers. Over-dependence on The Times, it argues, has exaggerated the significance of London daily newspapers and underplayed the importance of weekly papers, particularly those published outside London. The Times was unusual because it was a metropolitan rather than provincial paper, with a focus on political news and a dearth of lighter, broader content, or news of events around the UK. Using quantitative analysis of recent scholarship, the article demonstrates that unwarranted conclusions are still drawn from over-use of this source and from a wider view that it was representative of nineteenth-century newspapers in general. The conclusion urges a more geographically and culturally nuanced approach to Victorian newspapers, beyond a metropolitan-focused political and cultural history.     

Reviews of Books

PRADEEP P. BARUA. The State at War in South Asia. Lincoln, NB and London: University of Nebraska Press, 2005. Pp. xvi, 437. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by Ashley J. Tellis

SASKIA SASSEN. Territory, Authority, Rights: From Medieval to Global Assemblages. Princeton, NJ and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2006. Pp. xiv, 493. $35.00 (US). Reviewed by Richard W. Mansbach

BENJAMIN A. ELMAN. On Their Own Terms: Seience in China, 1550–1900. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2005. Pp. xxxviii, 567. $55.00 (US). Reviewed by John B. Henderson

ISTVAN HONT. Jealousy of Trade: International Competition and the Nation-State in Historical Perspective. Cambridge, MA and London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2005. Pp. xviii, 541. $49.95 (US). Reviewed by David W. Bates

LIAM CHAMBERS. Michael Moore, c.1639–1726: Provost of Trinity, Rector of Paris. Dublin and Portland, OR: Four Courts Press, 2005. Pp. 160. $55.00 (US). Reviewed by Nicholas Canny

MEGAN VAUGHAN. Creating the Creole Island: Slavery in Eighteenth-Century Mauritius. Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 2005. Pp. xiv, 341. $23.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Anthony J. Barker

GEOFFREY PLANK. Rebellion and Savagery: The Jacobite Rising of 1745 and the British Empire. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006. Pp. 259. $39.95 (US). Reviewed by Paul Monod

B. W. HIGMAN. Plantation Jamaica, 1750–1850: Capital and Control in a Colonial Economy. Kingston, Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press, 2005; dist. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. Pp. xiv, 386. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by Michael Craton

NICHOLAS B. DIRKS. The Scandal of Empire: India and the Creation of Imperial Britain. Cambridge, MA and London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2006. Pp. xviii, 389. $27.95 (US). Reviewed by Martha McL

SUJIT SIVASUNDARAM. Nature and the Godly Empire: Science and Evangelical Mission in the Pacific, 1795–l850. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Pp. xi, 244. $80.00 (US). Reviewed by John Stenhouse

PETER BECKER and RICHARD F. WETZELL, eds. Criminals and Their Scientists: The History of Criminology in International Perspective. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Pp. xiii, 492. $85.00 (US). Reviewed by Clive Emsley

IAN BAUCOM. Specters of the Atlantic: Finance Capital, Slavery, and the Philosophy of History. Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 2005. Pp. x, 387. $23.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by J. R. Oldfield

SUGATA BOSE. A Hundred Horizons: The Indian Ocean in the Age of Global Empire. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2006. Pp. xii, 333. $27.95 (US). Reviewed by Kenneth McPherson

MARTIN KITCHEN. A History of Modern Germany, 1800–2000. Maiden, MA and Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2006. Pp. xi, 455. $39.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Lawrence D. Stokes

MATT K. MATSUDA. Empire of Love: Histories of France and the Pacific. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2005. Pp. vi, 232. $113.95 (CDN). Reviewed by Joseph Zizek

DONG WANG. China's Unequal Treaties: Narrating National History. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2005. Pp. x, 177. $60.00 (US). Reviewed by J. Y. Wong

AMIRIA J. M. HENARE. Museums, Anthropology, and Imperial Exchange. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Pp. xix, 323. $80.00 (US). Reviewed by Miriam Kahn

LEO LUCASSEN. The Immigrant Threat: The Integration of Old and New Migrants in Western Europe since 1850. Urbana and Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2005. Pp. viii, 277. $25.00 (us), paper. Reviewed by Russell King

ROBERT W. RYDELL and ROB KROES. Buffalo Bill in Bologna: The Americanization of the World, 1869–1922. Chicago, IL and London: University of Chicago Press, 2005. Pp. xii, 209. $26.00 (US). Reviewed by Joy S. Kasson

LÁSZLÓ BENCZE. The Occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878, ed. Frank N. Schubert. Boulder, CO: Center for Hungarian Studies, 2006; dist. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. Pp. xi, 403. $50.00 (US). Reviewed by Scott W. Lackey

PAUL A. KRAMKR. The Blood of Government: Race, Empire, the United States, and the Philippines. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2006. Pp. xii, 538. $26.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Kristin Hoganson

JOHN LAWRENCE TONE. War and Genocide in Cuba, 1895–1898. Chapel Hill, NC and London: University of North Carolina Press, 2006. Pp. xiii, 338. $35.00 (US). Reviewed by Christopher Schmidt-Nowara

GODFREY HODGSON. Woodrow Wilson's Right Hand: The Life of Colonel Edward M. House. New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press, 2006. Pp. xiv, 335. $35.00 (US). Reviewed by John A. Thompson

KEITH DAVID WATENPAUGH. Being Modern in the Middle East: Revolution, Nationalism, Colonialism, and the Arab Middle Class. Princeton, NJ and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2006. Pp. xi, 325. $35.00 (US). Reviewed by Donald Malcolm Reid

HYUN OK PARK. TWO Dreams in One Bed: Empire, Social Life, and the Origins of the North Korean Revolution in Manchuria. Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 2005. Pp. xix, 314. $23.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by David Wolff

WILLIAM N. TILCHIN and CHARLES E. NEU, eds. Artists of Power: Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and Their Enduring Impact on US Foreign Policy. West-port, CT: Praeger, 2006. Pp. xxv, 196. $139.95 (US). Reviewed by Lloyd E. Ambrosius

D. K. FIELDHOUSE. Western Imperialism in the Middle East, 1914–1958. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2006. Pp. vii,376. $195.00 (CDN). Reviewed by Roger Owen

ROBERT A. DOUGHTY. Pyrrhic Victory: French Strategy and Operations in the Great War. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2005. Pp. xiii, 578. $39.95(US). Reviewed by Robert J. Young

ELIZABETH GREENHALGH. Victory through Coalition: Britain and France during the First World War. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Pp. xvi, 304. $88.95 (US). Reviewed by David French

DAVID R. WOODWARD. Hell in the Holy Land: World War I in the Middle East. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 2006. Pp. xiii, 253. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by Mary C. Wilson

KEITH NEILSON. Britain, Soviet Russia, and the Collapse of the Versailles Order, 1919–1939. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Pp. x, 379. $85.00 (US). Reviewed by Michael Jabara Carley

EDWARD I. STEINHART. Black Poachers, White Hunters: A Social History of Hunting in Colonial Kenya. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2006. Pp. viii, 248. $49.95 (US). Reviewed by Reuben M. Matheka

REIDAR VISSER. Basra, the Failed Gulf State: Separatism, and Nationalism in Southern Iraq. Minister: Lit Verlag, 2006; dist. Somerset, NJ: Transaction Publishers. Pp. x, 238. $39.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Peter Sluglett

AMOS NADAN. The Palestinian Peasant Economy under the Mandate: A Story of Colonial Bungling. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2006. Pp. xl, 370. $19.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Martin Bunton

JAMES J. BARNES and PATIENCE P. BARNES. Nazis in Pre-War London, 1930–1939: The Fate and Role of German Party Members and British Sympathizers. Brighton and Portland, OR: Sussex Academic Press, 2005. Pp. x, 283. $67.50 (US). Reviewed by David Renton

MARK METZLER. Lever of Empire: The International Gold Standard and the Crisis of Liberalism, in Pretvar Japan. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press, 2006. Pp. xxii, 370. $49.95 (US). Reviewed by Janet Hunter

GLYN A. STONE. Spain, Portugal, and the Great Powers, 1931–1941. Basingstoke and New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. Pp. xiii, 316. $55.00 (US). Reviewed by David A. Messenger

VICTOR ROTHWELL. War Aims in the Second World War: The War Aims of the Major Belligerents, 1939–45. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2006; dist. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. Pp. 244. $25.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by Anthony Adamthwaite

WOLFRAM WETTE. The Wehrmacht: History, Myth, Reality, trans. Deborah Lucas Schneider. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2006. Pp. xvii,372. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by Martin Kitchen

PETER KENEZ. Hungary from the Nazis to the Soviets: The Establishment of the Communist Regime in Hungary, 1944–1948. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Pp. ix,3i2. $75.00 (US). Reviewed by Bennett Kovrig

EMIKO OHNUKI-TIERNEY. Kamikaze Diaries: Reflections of Japanese Student Soldiers. Chicago, IL and London: University of Chicago Press, 2006. Pp. xviii, 227. $25.00 (US). Reviewed by F. G. Notehelfer

RICHARD J. GOLSAN. French Writers and the Politics of Complicity: Crises of Democracy in the 1940s and 1990s. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006. Pp. x, 198. $55.00 (US). Reviewed by Donald Reid

BRIAN T. EDWARDS. Morocco Bound: Disorienting America's Maghreb, from Casablanca to the Marrakech Express. Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 2005. Pp. xv, 366. $23.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Moshe Gershovich

BRUCE KUKLICK. Blind Oracles: Intellectuals and War from Kennan to Kissinger. Princeton, NJ and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2006. Pp. 241. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by Richard C. Thornton

JOHN H. BARTON, JUDITH L. GOLDSTEIN, TIMOTHY E.JOSLING, and RICHARD H. STEINBERG. The Evolution of the Trade Regime: Politics, Law, and Economics of the GATT and the WTO. Princeton, NJ and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2006. Pp. xiv, 242. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by Alfred E. Eckes

PETER MANGOLD. The Almost Impossible Ally: Harold Macmillan and Charles De Gaulle. London and New York, NY: I. B. Tauris, 2006. Pp. vi, 275. $45.00 (US). Reviewed by Alan Sharp

GUY BEN-PORAT. Global Liberalism, Local Populism: Peace and Conflict in Israel/Palestine and Northern Ireland. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2006. Pp.xii, 327. $29.95(US). Reviewed by Mary Ann Heiss

ANDREW PRESTON. The War Council: McGeorge Bundy, the NSC, and Vietnam. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2006. Pp. xi, 320. $49.95 (US). Reviewed by Marilyn B. Young

WARREN I. COHEN. America's Failing Empire: US Foreign Relations since the Cold War. Malden, MA and Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2005 Pp. 204. $21.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Andrew J. Bacevich

KEITH A. HANSEN. The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty: An Insider's Perspective. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2006. Pp. xix, 233. $24.95 (US). Reviewed by Michael Krepon

SHAHRAM AKBARZADEH. Uzbekistan and the United States: Authoritarianism, Islamism, and Washington's Security Agenda. London and New York, NY: Zed Books, 2005; dist. Basingstoke and New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. Pp. xiv, 166. $19.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Jeff Sahadeo

GLYN MORGAN. The Idea of a European Superstate: Public Justification and European Integration. Princeton, NJ and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2005. Pp. xii, 204. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by Dario Castiglione

ELLEN LUST-OKAR. Structuring Conflict in the Arab World: Incumbents, Opponents, and Institutions. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Pp. xvi, 279. $100.95 (US). Reviewed by Raymond Hinnebusch

FAWAZ A. GERGES. The Far Enemy: Why Jihad Went Global. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Pp. xii, 345. $27.00 (US). Reviewed by John Obert Voll

PETER ALEXIS GOUREVITCH and JAMES J. SHINN. Political Power and Corporate Control: The New Global Politics of Corporate Governance. Princeton, NJ and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2005. Pp. xvii, 344. $35.00 (US). Reviewed by Randall Morck

PHILIP D. CURTIN. On the Fringes of History: A Memoir. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2005. Pp. xi, 193. $24.95 (US). Reviewed by Ralph A. Austen

JEFFREY W. LEGRO. Rethinking the World: Great Power Strategies and International Order. Ithaca, NY and London: Cornell University Press, 2005. Pp. xii, 253. $39.95 (US). Reviewed by Robert L. Pfaltzgraff, Jr.     

Neither Cyclops nor Sophist: Christian Formation Against the State

Abstract

This article identifies a deep paradox at the heart of the modern state—in its ability and professed purposes to form the moral characters of its citizens—and then offers a Christian response. Were it not for the manifest success of states in persisting in this paradox, it would delegitimize them on grounds of incoherence and duplicity. In an argument that is occasionally Aristotelian, the article shows how modern (secular, liberal) states morally form citizens who willingly submit to the state's formation on grounds that the state has legitimacy so long as it does not claim moral authority. This line of reasoning is explicated with reference to Sheldon Wolin on Alexander Hamilton and feudalism as well as Martha Nussbaum on Aristotle. In response, Christian freedom, ecclesial peoplehood, and poverty not only run counter to state formation but positively resist it.