中国传统对外关系研究刍议

本文认为,以重大事件为中心的中国古代对外关系史研究,和以帝国主义侵华为话语的中国近代对外关系史研究,在当代带有严重的视域局限性.基于参与现代和对话现代的需要,它们可以归并到中国传统对外关系体系之中.而开展对中国传统对外关系的研究,不仅要考察朝贡体制在历朝的演变轨迹,还应关注封贡关系行为与对外政策、涉外思想三者之间的互动.     

1919:反帝反殖民族主义的东亚时刻及其历史意义

1919年发生在中国的五四运动和韩国的三一运动,掀开了中国和韩国民族独立解放运动的新篇章,是半殖民地的中国和殖民地的韩国为争取实现完全的民族独立自由和国家自主发展的共同呐喊。五四运动和三一运动为中韩近代历史承上启下之转折点,其上承近代以来中韩对外屈辱之历史记忆,下启其后中韩对外奋力抗争之历史浪潮,从而成为中韩近代史演进的标志性转折,并深刻影响到亚洲乃至世界殖民地国家的反帝反殖运动,虽已历百年时光,但至今我们仍可感受到其中蕴含的历史性意义。     

试论美国对中国1905年抵制美货运动的反应和政策

１９０５—１９０６年的抵制美货运动是近代中国历史上第一次以文明、理性、和平抵制外货的方式反抗西方强权的活动,被认为是中国现代民族主义运动的开端①,对当时中美关系也产生了深远的影响。学术界对这场运动的背景和过程进行了比较充分的研究,但对美国政府的反应则...     

《近代中国的对外赔款》

鸦片战争后,西方侵略者通过各种方式对中国进行残酷的经济掠夺。其中,数额巨大,次数繁多的“赔款”勒索便是它们掠夺中国财富的一项重要手段,也是造成中国近代经济落伍于世界各国的重要原因。剖析近代中国的对外赔款,是研究近代中国历史,了解近代中国国情的一重要方面。本书就是专门论述近代中国对外赔款的一本专著。     

建构城市生活方式:上海近代文明化及其动因

城市是文明的象征。如果对城市进行文明进化的评估,城市化不仅指都市空间的扩展和建设,也伴随着城市居民生活方式的文明化。上海作为中国近代的城市象征和现代都市生活的源头与核心,其发展历程可以窥见人们对城市生活方式的建构理念,即以现代化、西方化及其融合一体的生活方式作为现代文明人的标准。上海近代生活方式的文明化是新生活运动、西方物质文明的输入、华洋混居带来的慕洋生活方式、知识界的宣传教化等诸多因素共同影响和塑造的。对此进行探讨,有助于推动当下城市生活进一步文明化,也为民俗学的城市研究拓展领域。     

甲午战争与近代日本国民的形成——近代媒体的发展与作用

培养近代国民是国民国家建设的重要目标,同时具备民族特质和公民特质是国民的内在属性。甲午战争是日本进入近代以来的第一次大规模对外战争,＂印刷资本主义＂的出现和发展形成了能够构成民族共同体的舆论条件。战争与媒体交互影响,使＂日本人＂的自我意识得以强化,对外形成了对朝鲜和中国的优越感和蔑视感,军人被英雄化、神圣化,围绕战争也形成教育方式多样性,民众由此达成了对天皇和国家的认同,甲午战争成为近代日本国民＂民族＂特质的重要标志。     

俄国近代政治恐怖主义的源流

俄国近代政治恐怖主义被视为近现代国际恐怖主义之源,而涅恰耶夫被视为政治恐怖主义的“鼻祖”。他的极端主义的理论思想、政治主张和活动方式,不仅对19世纪七八十年代俄国的社会政治运动,而且对民意党和社会革命党,都产生了极其重要的影响。而民意党和社会革命党的恐怖主义理论、组织原则、宣传和行动方式,则为当代国际恐怖主义组织所继承。     

近代日本马政及其对外扩张

为满足日本对外扩张战争中对军马的需求,甲午战争和日俄战争后,明治政府借鉴西方近代马政制度,设立专门的马政管理机构,并制定了与之相关的行政和经济制度,由此近代日本马政体系被建立起来。此后近代日本马政主要由农商务省负责管理,作为国策被强力施行。但在近代日本马政建设中,日本陆军出于对外扩张目的,一再强化以军需为主导的马政建设方针,农商务省与陆军为此进行了长期斗争,陆军以军需为主导的马政建设方针最终占据主导地位。除在日本国内开展马政建设外,为了进一步对外扩张,日本陆军还将马政活动扩展到海外,着力在朝鲜和中国东北地区等地开展马政活动。近代日本的马政活动几乎伴随日本对外扩张的始终,是支撑日本对外扩张战争的重要制度。     

晚清对外关系中的"一个外交两种体制"现象刍议

晚清时期在对外关系领域,不仅在事实上确曾存在着传统与近代两种不同体制外交关系共存的客观现象,而且在制度层面负责处理对西方国家近代条约关系之新型机构与主管对周边朝贡国家关系事务的传统对外关系机构,也曾至少共存半个世纪以上的时间.在朝贡关系体制的边缘亦即周边朝贡国家如近代朝鲜,也曾出现极为类似的所谓"两截体制"局面与制度."一个外交两种体制"在晚清时期不仅是在朝贡关系体制的中心与边缘普遍存在的一个客观现象和事实,而且也是清政府统治集团在对外关系制度层面非制度性地因应上述客观变化的结果,本质上则可以说是晚清对外关系近代转型过程中所出现的一个过渡性现象与特征.     

论新式交往工具与民族地区经济社会之嬗变——以近代西江水系轮船运输发展为视角

西江是广西对外物资流通的主要渠道。近代新式交往工具——轮船通行西江,为西江内河航运从传统的运输方式向新式航运转变及民族地区经济社会的转型与发展提供了重要契机。新式航运的发展缩短了民族地区与外界的时空距离、促进了人员的流动、扩大对外交往的范围,使腹地与外界的经济关系日益密切,推动了腹地社会经济生活习俗、思想观念向纵深发展。     

Life in the kitchen: Television advertising,the housewife and domestic modernity in Britain, 1955–1969

The modern kitchen was emblematic of a cold war obsession with household consumer durables as a measure of national progress. Its roots lay in a largely American idea of the ‘new household’ and the modern housewife. The article explores how television advertising in Britain played its part in helping to promote these co-joined aspects of the cross-Atlantic domestic ideal. In pursuing this argument, the article emphasises the way American domestic ideals took distinctive directions in Britain. Contributing to this adaptation of American ideals was a range of home-grown influences that shaped the remaking of the post-war home and women’s social role.     

美国基督教长老会在江苏的传教活动

美国长老会是美国基督教在华传教的三大差会之一,江苏是长老会尤其是南长老会传教的主要区域,其传教活动对江苏近现代社会生活和文化生活都产生过重大影响。从检索史料入手,首次对长老会在江苏100多年的传教活动进行了梳理。     

前景化的“新装”

前景化手法给现代文学创作带来了叙事手法的新颖和阅读认知的革新。弗吉尼亚．伍尔夫的短篇小说“新装”将其手法成功地引进其意识流创作,为揭示语篇的整体效果和作者意图带来了不同的阅读思路和文体的多维效应,并用其展示了第一次世界大战后英国中产阶层所特有的社会心态,即构成了作者所寻求的个体心灵的真实及历史的真实的合一。     

1990年代《美国历史评论》的中国研究

作为美国社会中一个较大的学术群体,美国历史学家的中国研究对于我们了解美国知识分子的中国观具有很大的参照意义。最权威的美国史学刊物——《美国历史评论》——在20世纪90年代所发表的中国研究文章便从一个极为重要的角度展示了美国史学界的中国研究在最近十年的主要线索:中国的传统儒家思维方式左右着中国近现代的社会发展和对外交往。     

“Lessons Learned” from the Security and Prosperity Partnership for Canadian–American Relations

The Security and Prosperity Partnership (SPP) launched in 2005 by the three countries of North America presents an important case study in North American cooperation in the decade after the 9/11 attacks. The pro-integration arguments advanced by think tanks and the business community overplayed the pragmatic agenda of the governments. The SPP was unpopular and without legislative support in Canada and the United States. By 2009, the annual summit of leaders was the only survivor of the SPP initiative. The SPP process produced modest results for Canada and points to the need for a broader and more inclusive approach in terms of consultation. It also confirmed the Canadian view that a trilateral approach does not deliver on Canadian interests. If the Obama administration does not relaunch a rebranded SPP, the final lesson of the SPP experience would be a setback for the pro-integration approach in North America.     

Marx and Modernity: Rethinking Labour,Capital, and Capitalism

This article argues that China’s modern historical development and, more generally, modern global developments can be illuminated by a renewed encounter with Marx’s critical analysis of capitalism. This renewed encounter entails a fundamental critique of traditional Marxism’s understanding of capitalism and of socialism. It seeks to explain the historically dynamic character of capitalist society as a system of ongoing constraints. This central feature of the contemporary world cannot be grasped adequately by intellectual paradigms, such as theories of identity or of politics, which have been dominant in recent decades. The approach outlined here analyzes capitalist modernity as structured by a historically unique social function of labour, and is based on a fundamental reevaluation of the meaning of labour in Marx’s analysis as the object, rather than the standpoint of his critique. The focus on the historical specificity of Marx’s analytic categories also calls into question any conception of a transhistorically valid social science.     

Thirty years of modern Chinese history studies: past experiences and prospective trends

This paper presents an overview of and comments on a symposium concerning modern Chinese history held in Beijing, China in October 2009. It is composed of four parts: first, the paradigm issues of modern Chinese historical studies; second, indigenous reorientation and the study of regional social history; third, the relationship between social history and regional social history; fourth, the history of scholarship on the Chinese revolution. All the conference participants were prestigious scholars in the fields of modern Chinese history and Ming–Qing historical studies in Mainland China. The attending scholars provided in-depth and well considered views about the macro issues of this discipline. Furthermore, the discussion was very active and productive. This paper reflects the latest trends in the field of modern Chinese historical studies in Mainland China.     

A Note on Marinus of Alexandria

Abstract

Neurology in its modern sense was first studied in the well‐known neurological institutions of France and England. In America, however, this new field of medicine was developed by a physician in a private practice, Dr. William Alexander Hammond. This article addresses the question how Hammond was able to limit his practice to neurology. It is argued that Hammond was a famous military physician before becoming the first practitioner of clinical neurology in America. This fame translated into a large referral base.     

The Most Wretched of Beings in the Cage of Capitalism

We can no longer afford to ignore the horrendous misery and abuse that humans have inflicted on beings from other species throughout all modern history. We also cannot continue to ignore how those oppressive actions and processes dialectically reverberate across most social dimensions of our modern world. This essay is an effort to promote a heretofore seldom-considered social justice cause in historical archaeology: animal emancipation. I advocate an approach that challenges alienated anthropocentric views, ideologies, and practices in historical archaeology and the wider social and political-economic world. I also offer some ideas on how an archaeology of animal emancipation might appear and some suggestions on preliminary steps we can take to see such an archaeology emerge alongside and in conjuncton with other engaged archaeologies.     

后现代主义与后现代史学

后现代主义是 2 0世纪 70年代在欧美等西方学术界兴起的一种社会思潮。近些年来 ,我国学界对于后现代主义作品的介绍颇多 ,但对其进行认真研究的论著则较少。本文对后现代、后现代主义和后现代史学的发展过程进行了疏理 ,尤其是就后现代史学对现代史学的挑战作了认真的探析 ,认为后现代史学的核心是力图动摇西方现代历史编撰学的基础 ,颠覆西方自启蒙以来建立起来的历史观念