Neuroanniversaries 2000

Age-related memory loss was a marginal issue in medical discussions during early modern times and until well into the second half of the 17th century. There are many possible explanations: the lack of similar traditions in antiquity and in the Middle Ages, insufficient physiological and morphological knowledge of the brain, and the underlying conflict between idealistic and materialistic perspectives on the functions of the soul and the conditions of these in old age. After these boundaries had been pushed back by the influence of Cartesianism and Iatromechanism, the problem of age-related memory loss was increasingly regarded as a physical illness and began to receive more attention. This trend first occurred in medicine, before spreading to the literary world, where the novel “Gulliver's Travels” is one clear and famous example.     

In Memoriam J. W. de Jong (1921–2000)

Indo-Iranian Journal -     

公元前两千纪前后中原地区的水道设施(上)

本文系统考察了公元前两千纪前后中原地区的水道遗存。通过对水道建筑材料与制造技术的分析,揭示了水利系统对早期城市发展所具有的重要意义,反映出早期青铜时代社会中一个新的精英阶层的出现及其对都市规划的影响。     

EPSON EMP TW-2000

在热爱旅行的人群中,有相当一部分是为了远离都市的喧嚣和污染,去拥抱真正属于自然的色彩。旅行归来,与亲友共同分享,永远是一个不变的主题,无论是在山之巅感受静谧的巍峨,还是在海之角聆听浪花的轻语,相信你都希望能够让亲友真正体验到身临其境的那种感受。不再需要几个人围在一起看照片,不再需要费力的语言或肢体描述,     

Holocene later stone age hunter-gatherers south of the Limpopo River, Ca. 10,000-2000 B.P.

Encouraged by new, ethnographically grounded interpretations of San rock art, Holocene hunter-gatherer research south of the Limpopo has undergone a partial paradigm shift over the last decade, away from ecological issues and in favor of questions of social organization and ideology. Earlier models relating changes in regional demography to environmental shifts now need revision, as do long-standing studies of seasonal mobility. New research emphasizes instead identification of exchange and alliance networks and patterns of seasonal aggregation and dispersal. However, several of the assumptions of these models remain untested, while dating problems make it difficult to integrate rock art with other components of the archaeological record. Critical use of a more diverse set of ethnographic data, from both within and beyond the Kalahari, is also needed. These points are emphasized in discussing evidence for social and economic intensification between 5000 and 2000 B.P. in several areas of the subcontinent (KwaZulu-Natal, the southern, eastern, and far western Cape).     

Pandanus (2000) Natural Symbolism in Indian Literatures. Edited by Jaroslav Vacek

Indo-Iranian Journal -     

TRENDS IN NEIGHBORHOOD INCOME INEQUALITY IN THE U.S.: 1980–2000*

ABSTRACT This paper reports evidence on the geographic pattern of income inequality, both within and between neighborhoods, across a sample of 359 U.S. metropolitan areas between 1980 and 2000. The results indicate that overall income inequality within a metro area tends to be driven by variation within neighborhoods, not between them, although we find that between‐neighborhood differences rose dramatically during the 1980s and subsided somewhat during the 1990s. While this trend is similar to what existing research has found, our findings reveal potentially important differences in the magnitudes of the changes depending on whether neighborhoods are defined by block groups or tracts.     

Beyond Characterisation. Polished Stone Exchange in the Western Mediterranean 5500–2000 BC

Using new provenance studies on stone implements from the Valencia region of Spain between 5500–2000 BC, we show not only the large scale of some exchange systems, but also consider how, and why, tastes and fashions are co-ordinated over much of the Western Mediterranean. The study considers the processes of raw material substitution underlying the observed patterns. These processes operate for a wide range of lithic materials, including rare minerals like variscite and fossil shells for ornaments. Simple gravity models of distribution and exchange predominate at all periods. Our study extends from Portugal to Italy, and indicates that a system of shared symbolic values, of axeheads, beads and bracelets, was in operation. The discussion concludes that consumption patterns were centred on these values rather than functional categories of tools or prestige items.