清晓晨歌

这幅作品的成功之处在于作者对四姑娘山婉约美的诠释。一幅优秀的风光摄影作品,不是简单地对自然界进行克隆,艺术美是对自然美的再造,它体现了一个人的思想境界及对人生的思考。     

THE ORCHARD

Behind the Village Committee,there is an orchard with an area of about 6,666 square meters.Though it mainly belongs to the family of Shigyal and Chojor Jinpa,(the Village Secretary),some of the trees in it are allocated to other families.It is only one of the many orchards in the village.Since the orchard lies next to the Village committee where we are stationed,it is like our backyard garden.In the morning,it is full of birds.Each orchard,fenced by walls and thorns,is a quiet and slightly forbidding place in the name of different families.     

HYDROLOGICAL RESPONSE TO REFORESTATION IN THE GANARASKA RIVER BASIN, SOUTHERN ONTARIO

Headwater slopes of the Ganaraska River basin in southern Ontario were reforested after World War II in an effort to reduce soil erosion and downstream flooding. Hydrological responses to this land use change are examined. Between 1945 and 1990 forest cover in Ganaraska Forest increased from 3.3 to 8.9% of the basin area. Over this period annual runoff decreased by 100 mm, and runoff ratios were reduced. These hydrological changes exceed those predicted from empirical relationships between runoff and forest cover, and likely reflect a combination of increased interception and evapotranspiration, water storage in headwater aquifers, and deep groundwater losses. Reforestation was also associated with significant decreases in high flows and increases in annual minimum daily flows. Annual maximum daily mean specific discharges decreased from 0.36 to 0.11 m³ s^-1 km^-2 (±0.0009 m³ s^-1 km^-2) between 1946 and 1962, while annual maximum daily mean specific discharges decreased from 0.0037 to 0.0062 m3 s-1 km^-2 (±0.10 m³ s^-1 km^-2) between 1957 and 1990, as estimated from bestfit regression relationships. The response of runoff ratios and peak flows to increased forest cover was more rapid than that of minimum daily flows. Results suggest that hydrological responses to relatively minor modifications of forest cover can be detected, depending on location of land use change within the basin. Les pentes des sources du bassin de la Rivère Ganaraska dans le Sud de I'Ontario ont été reboisées après la deuxième guerre mondiale pour diminuer l'érosion du sol et les inondations en aval. Les réponses hydrologiques au changement dans l'utilisation du sol sont examinées. Entre 1945 et 1990, la couverture de la forêt de Ganaraska s'est accrue de 3,3 à 8,9% par rapport à la superficie du bassin. Durant cette période, le ruissellement annuel a diminué de 100 mm et les proportions de ruissellement furent réduites. Ces changements hydrologiques dapassent ceux prédits par les relations empiriques entre les débits et la couverture forestère et ils reflètent probablement les effets combinés de l'augmentation d'interception et évapotranspiration, de I'entreposage d'eau dans les nappes aquifères en amont bassin et de pertes importantes d'eaux des sources. Le reboisement éait aussi associéà une diminution considérable des hauts deébits et à une augmentation des débits minimum journaliers annuels. Le maximum annuel des deébits spécifiques journaliers moyens a diminué de 0,36 à 0,11 m³ s^-1 km^-2 (±0,10 m³ s^-1 km^-2) entre 1946 et 1962 pendant que le minimum annuel des deébits spécifiques journaliers moyens a augmenté de 0,0037 à 0,0062 m³ s^-1 km^-2 (±0,0009 m³ s^- km^-2) entre 1957 et 1990, tel qu'estiméà partir d'équations de régression. La réponse des proportions de ruissellements et des écoulements de points a l'augmentation de la couverture forestière était plus rapide que celle des débits minimum journaliers. Ces résultats laissent entendre que les réponses hydrologiques suite à des modifications mineures peuvent être dètectées selon l'emplacement de ces changements à l'intérieur du bassin.     

THE VALLEY OF TUBO KINGS'TOMBS IN CHONGYE

正In 2014,I participated in the filming of a documentary entitled River at the Skyend produced by CCTV.The general director was Qi Kejun,a well-known Chinese celebrity.While visiting Chongye County situated in the middle of the Tibet Autonomous Region and standing at the peak of Mt.Mura overlooking the gorgeous and fascinating tombs,     

FACTORS AFFECTING RESPONSE TO NOISE IN OUTDOOR RECREATIONAL ENVIRONMENTS

As the world gets more and more crowded, silence becomes a rarer and rarer natural resource. (Rennicke 1987, 27)     

THE USE OF SIMPLE PULSES TO ESTIMATE INELASTIC RESPONSE SPECTRA

Inelastic response spectra are estimated for elasto-plastic SDOF systems subjected to strong earthquake ground motions by applying the strength reduction factors determined for a simple pulse to the elastic response spectrum of the ground motion. This approach relies upon similarities in the strength reduction factors computed for earthquake ground motions and for short duration pulses. The accuracy of the estimated inelastic spectra obtained using 24 simple pulse waveforms is assessed in order to identify subsets of just several pulse waveforms that are suited for this purpose. Based upon the ground motions and pulses investigated, this approach appears to be equally applicable to short and long duration ground motions and those having near-fault forward directivity features.