1995年琉璃河唐～明代居址发掘简报

1995年琉璃河遗址居址区的发掘主要包括上、下两部分堆积,下层为西周早期～西周晚期文化层,上层为唐～明清时期文化层,前者已在《1995年琉璃河周代居址发掘简报》一文申报道,本文主要对本次发掘所获得的唐～明清时期遗物简单介绍如下。     

《随州金鸡岭》简介

由湖北省文物考古研究所、随州市博物馆编著的考古发掘报告《随州金鸡岭》,已于2011年6月由科学出版社正式出版。全书共310页,56万字,正文部分共分七章,附录一篇,附表四个,彩色图版20幅,黑白图版62幅。金鸡岭遗址位于湖北省随州市曾都区洛阳镇金鸡岭村,是随枣走廊一处重要的新石器时代晚期聚落遗址,其文化层堆积之厚、遗迹现象之复杂、遗物类型与数量之丰富在近年来湖北发现的新     

河南新郑市寺东高遗址周代遗存发掘简报

寺东高聚落遗存位于古圃田泽中的高台地上,文化遗迹和遗物较丰富,文化层堆积包含了西周晚到春秋、战国时期,出土的矮三足盘等遗物具有鲜明的郑文化特色。     

威宁中水“西南夷”陶器

一、中水“西南夷”古文化遗存概况中水区中和与出水公社交界处的新光大队土梁子上,地下埋藏着丰富的古遗址、墓葬及数量众多、民族风格独特的历史文化遗物。经1977年秋,配合正山大队农田基本建设时考古调查发现,并经过1978年和1979年连续两年秋季考古发掘证实: (一)地下遗址总面积,东西长2,000,南北宽近400米左右。文化层最厚可达3.5米,平均厚度2米,文化层下为灰白色白羔泥生土。文化层由梁脊向两坡倾斜,形成坡状堆积; (二)底层文化层的最早形成年代,应为战国晚期(约公元前300——前221年之间);而现在农耕土下的第二层文化层,应在东汉中期(约在公元90——公元155年之间)。就是说,古代人曾在这块土地上活动的时间,长达四百多年之久;     

盱眙大云山M12文化层剖面的整体揭取

<正>考古文化层是指古代遗址中由于人类活动而留下来的痕迹、遗物和有机物所形成的堆积层。由于不同时期人类活动的内容、生存环境等有所不同,故不同时期的文化堆积,在土质、土色和包含物等也就会产生差异。这些就成为划分文化层的主要依据,每一层代表一定的时期。文化层研究贯穿于考古学发掘、整理、研究的各个环节,具有非常重要的意义,因此,揭取文化层剖面实体并予以保留和展示,对考     

皖南沟汀遗址文化遗物分析及相关问题讨论

沟汀遗址是皖南地区首次发现的新石器时代早期文化遗址1。遗址位于安徽省石台县矶滩镇沟汀村西南、秋浦河的右岸阶地上,由当地农民取土挖坑时所揭露。坑壁可见厚0.3—0.5米的灰褐色文化层,其下为棕黄色粘土。文化层上部已受后期扰动(附近有两座旧窑)。作者曾撰文对遗址中的文化遗物做过较详细的描述2。本文在前述工作的基础上,重点分析了遗物的组合特征和该遗址中的特色石器,进而通过区域对比,讨论该遗址的时代问题和新石器时代早期华南区的北界问题。一、遗物组合特征分析组合特征分析,是在常规鉴定、分类和描述的基础上,详细统计遗物的种…     

2000～2001年随州厉山佘家老湾遗址试掘报告

佘家老湾遗址位于湖北省随州市北约24公里处,隶属随州市随县厉山镇王岗乡同心村八组佘家老湾。2000年上半年,在配合汉丹-宁西铁路联接线建设工程的考古调查中发现该遗址,遗址面积约10万平方米。2000年11～12月及2001年5～6月,湖北省文物考古研究所对遗址进行了试掘,发掘面积324平方米。该遗址文化层堆积较单一,主要是新石器时代晚期遗存。从出土的遗物特征看,属江汉地区石家河文化系统,但又具有河南龙山文化王湾三期的特点。该遗址对于研究这两大文化的相互碰撞及交流提供了极好的范例,同时也使我们对于这一特殊地理区域内的石家河文化晚期的面貌有了较深入的了解。     

晚期层叠式城市建筑遗址考古发掘中的地层学及相关问题

晚期层叠式城市建筑遗址的地层堆积和埋藏方式不同于其他类遗址,尤其与早期遗址差别很大,因而在发掘的方法上有一些特殊的要求。本文主要围绕考古地层学基本理论在此类遗址发掘中的运用展开讨论,兼谈其他一些相关问题。     

山东茌平县李孝堂遗址的调查

李孝堂遗址位于山东省在平县在平镇李孝堂村东南约50米,西北距县城2公里,往北1．5公里为冯氏河。遗址原为一高台地,俗称东庵。现高出周围地面0．5米,总面积约12000平方米。遗址保存基本完好。1974年首次发现此遗址,后经多次调查,1978年定为县级文物保护单位。从断面观察,文化层堆积厚约4米,并可看见灰坑等遗迹及各种遗物。采集的标本有石、骨、蚌、陶器,数量较多,年代上从龙山文化到汉代各个时期的都有。下面以时代先后为序,对遗物作一简介。一、龙山文化遗物龙山文化遗物十分丰富,包括石、骨、蚌、陶器。1．石器数量较少,且多…     

文化层与自然层

文化层与自然层王建新１８３０年至１８３３年,英国地质学家查尔斯·赖尔（ＣｈａｒｌｅｓＬｙｅｌｌ）发表了《地质学原理》一书,引发了科学界和思想界的一场革命。对地质地层学原理的阐述,是他这部著作的主要内容之一,他揭示了地球表面的自然堆积从早至晚相因层积的...     

中专英语教学探讨

当前中专英语教学现状不容乐观。造成这一现状的原因是多方面的。文章就中专学校的生源及其素质、中专学校英语教师的素质与水平及中专学校对英语教学的态度等三个方面的因素对中专英语教学的影响阐述自己的观点并提出了提高英语教学质量的对策。     

黄河中下游地区史前二层台墓研究

黄河中下游地区40余处遗址的400多座二层台墓资料显示,生土二层台墓的数量在仰韶中晚期以前较熟土台墓多,龙山时代式微。该变化的背后是棺椁的逐渐成熟,生土台墓中小部分带有盖板或原始棺椁,同时熟土台并非判断墓葬带有棺椁的充要条件。通过生土台高度和墓葬深度的二元变量分析,墓葬开挖时预留生土台并未考虑稳固墓室,而应该与构建殓尸空间(或椁室)、进行一系列丧葬活动有关,在台面上放置随葬品的情况存在一定的时空差异。二层台墓的分布具有集中埋葬的倾向,采用二层台墓的群体并无明显的性别和死亡年龄指向,从仰韶中期以来,其所代表的社会群体占据着更为优越的社会财富。     

Rhexoxylon cortaderitaense (Menéndez) comb. nov., a species of permineralized stems newly assigned to the Corystospermaceae,from the Triassic of Argentina

Bodnar, J., June, 2008. Rhexoxylon cortaderitaense (Menéndez) comb. nov., a species of permineralized stems newly assigned to the Corystospermaceae, from the Triassic of Argentina. Alcheringa 32, 171–190. ISSN 0311-5518.

Anatomically preserved stems of Late Triassic corystosperms from the upper Cortaderita Formation in San Juan province, Argentina are described and assigned to Rhexoxylon cortaderitaense (Menéndez) comb. nov. These specimens were originally attributed to conifers, a group not closely related to corystosperms. The silicified axes preserve features of the cortex, pith, and secondary vascular system. Like all Rhexoxylon species, these axes have two discontinuous cambial rings that develop centrifugal secondary xylem (normal secondary xylem) and centripetal secondary xylem (inverted secondary xylem). Both types of xylem are separated by a band of parenchymatous tissue developed by a remnant cambium. The centrifugal xylem is divided by parenchymatous rays following differential cambial activity. The secondary xylem is pycnoxylic with uniseriate rays; tracheids have mainly biseriate and alternate bordered pits on radial and tangential walls, and one simple oval pit in cross-fields. The distinctive feature of R. cortaderitaense is the conspicuous amount of centripetal secondary vascular tissues not forming perimedullar bundles, this being interpreted as an apomorphic trait. This interpretation of the character modifies previous hypothesized phylogenetic relationships of corystosperm wood taxa.     

清末中学教育萌芽的历史考察

清末中学教育是随着中国教育近代化的进程不断深入发展的。现代中学产生于资本主义发展最早的欧洲,清末中学教育是在学习和借鉴西方的基础上发展起来的。本文力求在全面搜集史料和理论分析的基础上,全面展示清末中学教育是如何在中国这片古老的大地上出现的。     

A new approach to Corystospermales based on Triassic permineralized stems from Argentina

Anatomically preserved mature stems of late Middle Triassic corystosperms from the Paramillo Formation of Argentina are described and assigned to Cuneumxylon spallettii gen. nov. et sp. nov. The silicified specimens show features of the pith, primary xylem and successive rings of secondary xylem and phloem. The most striking characteristic is the anomalous secondary growth, represented by secondary xylem bounded by arcs of secondary phloem probably derived from successive repositioned cambia. Cuneumxylon has two kinds of unusual centrifugal secondary growth. The first shows unequal activity of different portions of the cambium on the circumference of the axes; the consequent restriction of cambial activity to certain restricted areas develops wedged stems, which often split. The second produces polyxylic stems following supernumerary cambial activity. As in extant plants growing in arid regions, the included phloem and the associated parenchyma may have had functional value avoiding desiccation of the outer tissues of the stem during droughts. Anatomical features of other Corystospermaceae were used to determine systematic affinities and to establish relationships among medullosans, corystosperms and cycads.     

商文化墓葬二层台上放置动物腿骨现象与"奠竁"礼比较研究

商文化墓葬的二层台上有放置动物腿骨的现象。本文结合晚商墓葬制度的研究成果对其进行了考察。发现同一墓组或分族的墓葬二层台放置的动物腿骨的种类具有一致性,这或是血缘关系或族在商代社会生活中发挥较大作用的体现;二层台有动物腿骨的墓葬在其所在墓组的同时期墓葬中规模较大,二层台所置动物腿骨种类多少和墓葬的等级没有必然的关系。二层台放置动物腿骨的现象与文献记载的周代"奠竁"礼有相似的地方,但也有较大的差异。     

The Secondary Products Revolution: Empirical Evidence and its Current Zooarchaeological Critique

Andrew Sherratt is perhaps best known for the concept of a ??Secondary Products Revolution??, which stressed that the ??primary?? pattern of exploiting domesticated animals for meat in the Early Neolithic was followed by a more diversified exploitation of secondary applications and products such as milk, wool, textiles, and traction. This paper discusses how changes in animal exploitation in the European Neolithic, including secondary uses and products, can be inferred from faunal remains. It also challenges a meat-based, livestock-rearing system for early farmers and stresses the idiosyncratic nature of the introduction of secondary products in particular areas of Anatolia and Europe.     

Assessing bone transformation in late Miocene and Plio‐Pleistocene deposits of Kenya and South Africa

Bone reactivity offers a potential way to record local physical–chemical conditions prevailing in fossilization environments and archaeological sites. In the present study, a series of fossil bone samples from the karstic environments of the Bolt's Farm cave system (Cradle of Humankind, South Africa) and from fluvio‐lacustrine environments of the Tugen Hills (Gregory Rift, Kenya) is analysed. The chemical composition and infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic properties of fossil samples point to a transformation of the biogenic apatite and formation of secondary apatite. Depending on the sample, the secondary apatite corresponds to a carbonate‐bearing hydroxy‐ or fluor‐apatite. The maximum fraction of secondary apatite is close to 60%, coinciding with previous observations in experimental alteration of bone in aqueous solutions and suggesting that a fraction of pristine biological apatite is likely to be preserved. The present results also suggest that the acetic acid treatment of fossil samples moderately increases their average crystallinity but may dissolve carbonate‐rich domains of secondary apatite.     

Elchaxylon,a new corystosperm based on permineralized stems from the Late Triassic of Argentina

Artabe, A.E. & Zamuner, A.B., March 2007. Elchaxylon, a new corystosperm based on permineralized stems from the Late Triassic of Argentina. Alcheringa 31, 85‐96. ISSN 0311-5518.

Anatomically preserved stems of Late Triassic corystosperms from the Río Blanco Formation of Argentina are described and assigned to Elchaxylon zavattieriae gen. et sp. nov. The polyxylic gymnospermous axes have two discontinuous cambial rings, which develop centrifugal secondary xylem and centripetal secondary xylem around the mesarch primary xylem bundles. The centrifugal undivided pycnoxylic secondary xylem incorporates uniseriate rays, uni- to biseriate radial pitting either alternate or opposite, and one or two simple pits in each cross-field. Atypical secondary growth is restricted to localized development of centripetal secondary xylem (inverted xylem). Elchaxylon could represent a basal member of the rhexoxyloid lineage. This basal clade is characterized by limited centripetal secondary xylem, lack of perimedullar bundles, and modest development of centrifugal xylem.

Analia E. Artabe [aeartabe@museo.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar] and Alba B. Zamuner [azamuer@museo.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar]. División Paleobotánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque SN, 1900 La Plata, Argentina and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; received 20.5.2005, revised and accepted 14.9.2005.     

考古学次生堆积的研究与探索

一、问题的提出 随着当代考古学的目标从器物描述扩展到对人类行为的信息提炼,对考古遗址中文化堆积改造和遗址形成过程的了解,便成为田野工作的一项重要方面。虽然,对过去社会文化和人类活动的了解取决于考古学家对遗址的仔细发掘和采样,但是发掘和采样在多大程度上反映了历史的真实面貌,则是一个很大的未知数。因为,考古遗址从形成开始,不但受到人类活动的改造,而且在使用时和废弃后的漫长岁月里,还会被堆积后的自然和人类动力破坏得面目全非。所以,如果要科学地认识考古学文化,仔细分辨人类和自然对考古遗址的改造和扰动就必…