石河子市土地利用变化及主要地类驱动力研究

通过分析石河子市土地利用的变化,探讨了其土地利用总体变化和各主要地类的驱动机制。社会经济因素是该区域土地利用总体变化的主导性驱动因素。而人口和经济增长是石河子市土地利用总体变化的首要社会经济类驱动因子,其次农业是技术发展。农业结构调整、产业结构转移是耕地利用变化的主导性驱动因素,而城镇化和工业化发展则是引起建设用地变化的主导性驱动因素。     

西藏民俗变迁随想

星移斗转,生老病死。一切事物都在变化,变是永恒,不变是暂时。 变化给我们的生活带来了动感,带来了美,带来了新的事物和新鲜的面孔,我们周围的世界无时无刻不在变化之中。 “移风易俗”一顾名思义,是一场改造风俗的努力。民俗行为和民俗心理是人类生活的组成部份,民俗文     

汉代服饰的发展轨迹及其变化动因分析

本文在全面研究汉代服饰考古资料的基础上,总结描述了汉代服饰发展的轨迹,并通过分析影响服饰变化的决定因素,总结出了汉代服饰变化发展的四个主要动因:社会生产力的发展变化是根本动因;社会心理的变化是直接动因;不同服饰文化的碰撞是冲击力;名人效应是偶然动因.     

骊山景区年内客流量峰林结构及成因分析

本文以西安市骊山风景名胜区为例,运用该景区2007年逐日客流量统计数据,分析了景区客流量年内变化规律及影响因素,研究发现:①景区客流量年内变化折线图形成优美的峰林结构,具有明显的分形特征,呈现周期性、相似性、对称性等特点;②年内客流量存在周内、月内和季节等不同时间尺度的变化,并且以周为基本变化单元,由周变化组合成月变化,月变化组合成季节变化;③在影响景区客流量年内变化的因素中,天气与气候舒适度的变化是主要的自然因素,人们工作与休闲制度是主要的社会因素。本研究,一方面深化和完善了有关旅游流时间变化规律的认识,另一方面也为景区做好旅游接待、合理调控客流量提供了科学依据。     

中国收回旅顺海军基地与50年代中苏关系

20世纪50年代,中苏关系是由密切转为恶化的逐渐变化时期,中国收回旅顺海军基地前后苏联外交的变化,从一个侧面反映了苏联远东安全战略的变化,以及这种变化对中苏关系的影响。     

清代以来塔里木盆地东部罗布人的生活及其环境变化

罗布人是生活在新疆塔里木盆地东部罗布泊地区的土著民族,以渔猎为生。300年来,不仅他们的语言、生活习俗发生了巨大的变化,生活在罗布泊一带的人口数量也有非常大的变化。本文根据文献记载分析了罗布人的生活习俗和生活地域环境及其变化,认为罗布地区河流湖泊的变化是罗布人生活发生变化的主要原因。     

戏曲改革中的京剧名角儿们

戏班要国营 20世纪50年代,梨园行一个翻天覆地的变化是体制变化。而这个变化,也彻底扭转了20世纪后50年中国戏曲艺术发展的道路和艺人的命运。     

提高讲解水平的可喜尝试

对于博物馆的讲解员来说,如何抓住变化的本质,掌握变化的方向,采用变化的方法,促进讲解水平的提高,是必须探索与思考的问题。甘肃省博物馆在讲解员培训工作中做了一些大胆探索,取得了一定效果。     

浅谈大学新生学习适应性问题

生活环境变化带来的必然反应就是不适应。新生刚入校,面对学习环境的变化、学习方法的变化、学习动力和目标的变化以及学习心态的变化等种种问题,是众多大学新生都要面临的情况,而对于如何解决这一问题就表现得尤为重要了。因此,本文以黑河学院为例,就大一新生学习适应性进行了调查和分析。提出了切实有效的方法,期望对大一新生有所帮助。     

省志经济部类续修之浅见

在新志首届编修中,省志把江苏是经济大省这个特色已浓墨重彩进行了记述。随着改革开放的力度加大,江苏经济发展的势头方兴未艾。因此,在新一轮省志编修中,经济部类如何围绕江苏经济社会发展的特点去续修,笔者认为:一、应抓住促进江苏经济发展的几个变化去续修。第一是经济制度的变化;第二是生产方式的变化;第三是生产力的变化;第四是生产关系的变化;第五是生产资料所有制的变化;第六是生产资料的变化;第七是劳动资料的变化。马克思曾经指出:“各种经济时代的区别不在于生产什么,而在于怎样生产,用什么劳动资料生产。劳动资料不仅是人类劳动…     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

The Chemists' Style of Thinking

Der Denkstil der Chemiker. Der Aufsatz diskutiert die Tragfähigkeit des Begriffes “Denkstil”, wie er von Alistair Crombie eingeführt und Ian Hacking aufgegriffen wurde, für das Verständnis dessen, wie das Fach Chemie historisch seine Identität ausgeprägt hat. Obwohl weder Crombie noch Hacking den Begriff “Denkstil” in Bezug auf einzelne Disziplinen verwendet haben, erscheint im Fall der Chemie seine Anwendung besonders vielversprechend, weil er hier hilft, ein zentrales Problem zu thematisieren – nämlich die Frage, wie es Chemikern trotz wechselnder Gegenstandsbereiche und theoretischer Umbrüche gelang, eine eigenständige und stabile Identität auszubilden. Nach einer Einführung in den Begriff “Denkstil”, argumentiert der Aufsatz, dass die Beständigkeit der Chemie als eines Faches wesentlich in ihren Laborpraktiken gründet, die ihrerseits wiederum die spezifische Art der Fragen bestimmten, die Chemiker in ihren Forschungen stellten bzw. die Form der Antworten, nach denen sie suchten. Folgende Merkmale kennzeichnen diesen “chemischen Denkstil” (1) eine spezifische, im Herstellen begründete Form des Wissens, (2) die Befassung mit einzelnen Stoffen und Materialien statt mit Materie im Allgemeinen und (3) eine Beobachtung von Natur besonders im Hinblick auf Transformationsprozesse. The Chemists' Style of Thinking. This paper discusses the relevance of the notion of “styles of scientific thinking” introduced by Alistair Crombie and revisited by Ian Hacking, for understanding how chemistry shaped its identity. Although neither Crombie nor Hacking applied this notion to individual disciplines, it seems appropriate to use it in the case of chemistry because it helps to address a puzzling issue: how did chemists manage to shape an identity of their own, despite shifting territories and theoretical transformations? Following a presentation of the notion of style, I will argue that the stable identity of chemistry is rooted in laboratory practices, which determined the specific questions that chemists put to nature as well as the answers to their questions. The “chemical style of thinking” is characterized by i) a specific way of knowing through making, ii) the concern with individual materials rather than matter in general and iii) a specific commitment to nature.