浅谈光纤在继电保护中的应用

介绍了光纤通道的特点和工作原理,以及目前在电力光纤网络中光纤保护装置与光纤通道的连接方式和主要特点。讨论了光纤保护在实际应用中可能遇到的问题及其解决办法。     

浅谈光纤在继电保护中的应用

介绍了光纤通道的特点和工作原理,以及目前在电力光纤网络中光纤保护装置与光纤通道的连接方式和主要特点,讨论了光纤保护在实际应用中可能遇到的问题及其解决办法。     

浅谈光纤在继电保护中的应用

介绍了光纤通道的特点和工作原理,以及目前在电力光纤网络中光纤保护装置与光纤通道的连接方式和主要特点,讨论了光纤保护在实际应用中可能遇到的问题及其解决办法。     

光导纤维照明在陈列中的应用

随着科学技术的不断发展,先进的照明技术和设施在博物馆陈列中相继得到开发与应用。科学、合理的运用采光照明,不仅可以提高陈列的展示效果,还可以对文物起到保护作用。本文对光导纤维照明在陈列中的应用进行了简要的论述。     

浅谈光照明在博物馆陈列环境中的设计与应用

光照明对博物馆陈列环境的气氛与美感起着极其重要的作用。它不仅是亮度与色彩的表达,更重要的是可以引导参观者感受展品所表达的主题和思想。由于博物馆陈列展览是集文物、物品展示与文物保护于一体,因此对光照明形式和处理原则要求比较苛刻。本文基于此对光照明在序厅、展厅和展柜的处理方面进行了一些思考。     

欧普照明 用光引领美好生活

欧普照明有限公司是中国照明行业的领袖品牌,也是唯一同时荣获"中国名牌产品"、"中国驰名商标"的照明品牌,2004年被世界品牌实验室评为"中国500最具价值品牌"。作为唯一进驻世博民企馆的照明企业,欧普将为民企馆提供整体照明的系统解决方案,负责民企馆所有的室内、室外照明的设计和供应工作。     

光纤反射光谱在彩绘文物颜料鉴别中的应用研究

光纤反射光谱是一种完全无损的颜料鉴别方法,适合用于精美珍贵的彩绘文物颜料工艺研究。光纤反射光谱在国际文物研究领域已成为一种较成熟的方法,而国内由于缺乏反射光谱数据库限制了其应用。因此,本研究探讨了颜料颗粒度和产地对反射光谱的影响,对蓝色系、绿色系、红色系和黄色系颜料的反射光谱特征进行归纳总结,并将其用于故宫博物院建筑彩画和书画文物的颜料分析中,证明光纤反射光谱确实是一种快速有效的颜料分析方法。     

论博物馆的展示照明

展示照明在博物馆的陈列设计中占有重要地位,本文从照明的形式、规范、重点等方面进行了阐述。     

基于分布式光纤传感的文物保护全过程应变监测方法

文物保护中的安全监测是一项复杂而重要的工作,为了确保具有千年历史的独木舟从出土到馆藏过程中的结构安全,提出了采用分布式光纤传感的全过程应变监测方法。首先结合工程实际情况,确定整体分布式光纤监测方案,优化了光纤的布设方法。通过分布式应变监测数据评估了加固保护和翻转过程对舟体的影响。监测结果表明,分布式光纤传感能有效地捕捉各过程的结构应变变化,分析表明该文物保护过程中舟体处于安全状态。实际工程应用也验证了分布式光纤传感技术在文物结构安全保护过程中的有效性,该方法具有极大的推广价值,能有效提高现有文物挖掘保护水平。     

照明方式的变革与中国传统昼夜时间生活的近代转型——以晚清温州煤油灯的普及为例

近代以来的百多年间,中国城乡照明技术迅速从灯烛时代迈入煤油灯时代,继而又跨入电气时代。如果以煤油灯在晚清温州的传入、推广与普及为微观例证,可以清楚地看出近代中国照明技术的革命不断加速的历史进程,也可以从中管窥近代中国城市与乡村在接受西方工业文明与生活方式洗礼时的多重消息。     

以光纤照明演绎陶瓷之美——故宫新陶瓷馆的照明设计

本文试图通过对故宫新陶瓷馆灯光设计的种种尝试,尽最大限度地运用灯光表现手法,为观众提供精神和物质多层次、多角度的审美信息,这种信息包括有历史文化的、心理的、生理的等诸多方面。作者在文中表达出将灯光照明、古代建筑空间、陈列设备以及展品等有机地融为一体的设计理念,从而创作出一个完整的艺术作品——新陶瓷馆。     

Multi‐analytical Studies of the Lime Mortars from the Yanxi Hall in the Yangxin Palace of the Palace Museum (Beijing)

For centuries, the architecture of the Palace Museum represented the highest standard of Chinese architecture. The Yangxin Palace of the Palace Museum consisted of 18 masonry buildings built using bricks, wood, roof tiles and various mortars. In 2016, a five‐year project was initiated to work on the maintenance and restoration of the Yangxin Palace buildings. The characterization of the construction materials has become of primary importance, in order to obtain information about the raw ingredients and building technology of the mortars, and the history of possible previous restorations. In this paper, 12 different samples representing three types of mortar‐based materials—namely, jointing mortars between the bricks on the wall, and surface plasters as well as mortars used on the roof—were collected for analysis from the Yanxi Hall of the Yangxin Palace. Analysis into the composition, grain‐size distribution, organic and fibre additives and testing of the mortar density and water absorption were performed. Starch, protein and plant fibres were identified in some of the samples. Brucite, mullite and ettringite were detected within most mortars on the roof, possibly originating from the furnace slag added into the raw materials for restoration purposes. The analytical results will serve as a critical reference for the maintenance and restoration of the buildings in the Yangxin Palace.     

Fiat Lux: Functional Analysis of Three Saxo-Norman Pottery Lamps from Berkeley,Gloucestershire

THIS PAPER COMPRISES analysis of three Saxo-Norman pottery lamps recovered during archaeological excavations in 2012 in the Edward Jenner Museum garden, Berkeley, Gloucestershire. While such vessels have been known to archaeologists since the earliest days of Saxon and medieval pottery studies, their specific function, other than general ‘lighting’, has never been considered. Similarly, the composition of the fuel in such lamps has not been scientifically verified. In the following paper, both of these areas are addressed through experimental archaeology and organic residue analysis. The conclusion reached is that the lamps were chosen for use in a late-Saxon industrial workshop as they were ideal for the setting, providing a consistent, stable and bright light source in comparison with other available lighting methods of the period.     

The wools in the Swedish bocksten costume

Wool fibre measurements defining fleece type are described from the cloth in the Bocksten costume dated about 1350 and kept in the Varbergs Museum, Sweden. Over 80% belonged to hairy types, the remainder coming from the modern true medium or primitive generalised medium types. Three quarters of the wools had natural pigment giving a grey colour.The findings accord with the fleece of the native Swedish Landrace sheep, but fibre diameter measurements were closer to those of the 17th century Wasa textiles, than to fleece measurements of the surviving Goth remnant of the Swedish Landrace.     

Non-destructive in situ analysis of polychromy on ancient Cypriot sculptures

The study focuses on the characterization of polychromy on limestone sculptures from Cyprus, attributed to the Cypro-Archaic—end of the Hellenistic periods. Polychromy components were identified by integrating digital microscopy, imaging under ultraviolet (UV) light, visible-induced luminescence (VIL), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and fibre optics reflectance spectroscopy (FORS). Data acquisition was performed directly in exhibition rooms at the Cyprus Museum (Nicosia) and the Paphos District Archaeological Museum (Paphos). Among the identified materials, there are iron-containing (red, yellow, green) and copper-containing (green and blue) pigments. The precision of pigment identification by non-destructive techniques is discussed, and specific pigment names are proposed: red iron oxide, yellow iron oxide-hydroxide, green earth and Egyptian blue. Interesting results were obtained by VIL, which allowed identifying traces of Egyptian blue otherwise undetectable with the naked eye. Complementary, this study discusses advantages and problems of combined and separate use of portable XRF and FORS, raising the question of their complementarity and interchangeability for the purposes of pigment identification.     

Material Choices for Fibre in the Neolithic: An Approach through the Measurement of Mechanical Properties

Studies of the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition in Europe have focused on plants and animals exploited for food. However, the exploitation of plants for fibres underwent a significant change with the addition of domestic flax as a fibre crop. While the technology of flax fibre processing is increasingly understood by archaeologists, its material value as a fibre crop in comparison to indigenous fibre is less well explored. We examine the mechanical properties of flax and two indigenous fibres (lime bast, willow bast), by testing fibre strips for tensile properties and discuss the results in the light of material choices in these periods.     

The Dispersed Sculpture of Parthenay and the Contributions of Nuclear Science

Abstract

TWENTY-TWO limestone sculptures, thought to have once decorated the now-destroyed 12th-century church Notre-Dame-de-la-Couldre in Parthenay (Deux-Sèvres), are dispersed in numerous American and French museum collections. To assess their provenance, stylistic analysis and documentary evidence are here combined with compositional analysis of their stone by neutron activation. Comparison of the resulting compositional profiles with those of samples from the still-standing west façade produced matches for works in the Musée du Louvre, Glencairn Museum, William Hayes Fogg Museum, and a private collection. Samples from sculptures in the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Cleveland Museum of Art, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art differ in composition from each other and from those that match stone from the façade of Notre-Dame-de-la-Couldre. Still other works, such as those in the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, returned varied results conflicting with other provenance information. This application of scientific techniques sheds new light on these sculptures, but just as importantly, this diverse group — by offering a range of archival, photographic, and restoration records — provides an excellent demonstration of the contributions, as well as limitations, of nuclear science to provenance study.     

巧镌筠筒主管城明清竹刻笔筒艺术概说

笔筒一词,最早见于三国时陆玑（《毛诗草木鸟兽虫鱼疏》之“螟蛉有子”篇,按其文意,知为竹木之属。成书于明代的《致虚杂俎》云：“（王）献之有斑竹笔筒名裘钟”,不知渊源何自,聊备一说。从目前考古所得来看,秦汉时期的笔筒均为细竹管制成,其长过笔,纳笔其中,以便于保存和携带毛笔,可称为管形笔筒或笔套。     

THE METALLURGY of the WILBURTON HOARDS

Summary: The results to date of a programme of research into the metallurgy of the Wilburton hoards of the British Late Bronze Age are described and some interpretations presented. Possible origins for the metal are discussed. the associated technical advances are discussed and an attempt is made to provide a realistic metallurgical context for the hoards.
I would like to thank the British Museum, London; the National Museum of Wales, Cardiff; Cambridge Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography; Museum of London; Winchester City Museums; Somerset County Museum, Taunton; Dorset County Museum, Dorchester; Exeter City Museums; Plymouth City Museums; Royal Institution of Cornwall, Truro; Musée des Antiquités Nationales, St.-Germain-en-Laye and Museum für Vor- und Frühgeschichte, West Berlin for permission to take samples for analysis.
A special acknowledgement must be made to Miss E. Owles and the Moyses Hall Museum, Bury St. Edmunds for immense assistance given in the study of the Isleham hoard.
I would also like to thank Mr. D. Britton, Mr. R. Bradley and Mr. S. Needham for several useful discussions, Mr. A. McKnight for photography and Dr. M. Leese, British Museum Research Laboratory, for statistical calculations. Mr. A. McKnight for photography, Dr. M. Leese, British Museum Research Laboratory, for statistical calculations and Dr. N. H. Gale, Department of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Oxford for lead isotope analyses.     

A FIBRE FINITE BEAM ELEMENT WITH SECTION SHEAR MODELLING FOR SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF RC STRUCTURES

The paper describes the formulation of a non-linear, two-dimensional beam finite element with bending, shear and axial force interaction for the static and dynamic analysis of reinforced concrete structures. The hysteretic behaviour of “squat” reinforced concrete members, in which the interaction between shear and flexural deformation and capacity is relevant for the overall structural performance, is emphasised. The element is of the distributed inelasticity type; section axial-flexural and shear behaviours are integrated numerically along the element length using a new equilibrium-based approach. At section level a “hybrid” formulation is proposed: the axial-flexural behaviour is obtained using the classic fibre discretisation and the plane sections remaining plane hypothesis, the shear response instead is identified with a non-linear truss model and described with a hysteretic stress-strain relationship. The latter contains a damage parameter, dependent on flexural ductility, that provides interaction between the two deformation mechanisms. The element has been implemented into a general-purpose finite element code, and is particularly suitable for seismic time history analyses of frame structures. Analytical results obtained with the model are compared with recent experimental data.