改革开放中的北京文化建设片段回忆

正改革开放之初的1980年4月21日,中共中央书记处对首都建设方针作出四项指示,其中要求,"要把北京建成全国科学、文化、技术最发达、教育程度最高的一流城市"。以此为开端,首都北京作为全国文化中心的地位得以确立。伴随着改革开放的大潮,历届北京市委、市政府领导高度重视文化中心的建设,以改革为引     

围绕中心 服务大局 全力发挥规划的统筹引导作用——对首都规划的回顾与展望 北京市规划委员会

新中国成立以来,首都规划工作始终坚持围绕中央和北京的工作中心,服务中央和北京的工作大局,努力发挥统筹引导作用,促进了首都在各个阶段的建设发展。     

全球视野下的明代北京鼎建

明代北京鼎建,北京成为国家首都,南京作为陪都,这是明朝国家治理的一次重大决策,也是对中国古代国家治理体系的一次重大传承与调整。在中国古代建都史上,秦汉大一统王朝奠都长安,自隋至唐末,长安成为统一中国的首都达322年;继元朝之后,自明永乐至清末,北京成为统一中国的首都达490年。全国大一统格局是中国历史区别于西方历史的主要特征。中国都城独树一帜,在全球凸显了不同于其他文明的中华文明。本文以"内"与"外"为观察点,考察明永乐帝鼎建北京,及其如何谋划南北大一统对全国实行有效治理,又如何以北京作为丝绸之路的新起点与交汇点,重构丝路辉煌。这些探讨有助于我们对整体明史和全球视野下中外关系史的深入探讨与研究。     

“第二届简帛学的理论与实践学术研讨会”综述

<正>2016年11月5—6日,首都师范大学首都文化建设协同创新中心、首都师范大学历史学院、中国社会科学院简帛研究中心共同举办的"第二届简帛学的理论与实践学术研讨会"在北京召开。50余位专家学者围绕"国际简帛学体系构建"、"简帛学理论与方法探讨"、"新出简帛整理与研究"等议题进行了深入讨论。一、国际简帛学体系构建。近年来,中国、日本、韩国等国家的简帛学或木简学研究者开始关注东亚地区出土简帛的共性、区别与联系。作为本次会议的前期成果,     

塑造新思想:建国前后北京与上海的“五四”纪念活动

建国前后,北京和上海都举行了规模盛大的"五四"运动纪念活动,这两次活动都不仅仅是群众性的纪念仪式,更深刻的意义在于,它一方面号召继承"五四"革命精神,表达对现实服务的方向;另一方面则书写着自"五四"运动以来中国革命胜利的历史必然性,从而确证新民主主义理论的正确性以及对中国革命和即将展开的新中国建设的指导意义,即为新中国确立了一个新的思想坐标——马克思主义、毛泽东思想。这种以"五四"为中介而实质上是为了引导和塑造新思想的纪念活动方式,成为后来"五四"纪念的传统,为社会主义意识形态确立领导地位发挥了积极的作用。     

民国“国都论争”与北京城政治形象的衍化

在民国时期三次“国都论争”中,古都北京的政治形象成为首都选址的重要影响因素。在帝制刚被推翻的民国初年,北京虽在政治强力下被定为首都,却被时论普遍定性为“专制巢穴”。20世纪20年代,基于新的政治与社会局势,主张定都南京与北京的双方围绕北京“专制巢穴”形象的建构与消解展开激烈博弈,结果首都南移。抗战胜利前后,北京虽未迎回首都身份,但论争中曾经的建都劣势却被转化为优势,“历史名都”的正面形象基本取代了“专制巢穴”的负面定位。北京形象的衍化是政局、社会环境、个人思想诸要素叠加影响、演变的结果,是其作为千年古都的独特境遇。     

首都师大举办第三届国际关系史青年学者论坛

<正>2015年3月27—29日,首都师范大学历史学院在北京举办了"第三届国际关系史青年论坛"。本届论坛的主题是"国际关系史研究的新史料与新问题",约有来自全国五十家高校和科研院所的八十名代表参加。论坛的第一个环节是前辈专家学者的讲话和主题发言。我国世界现代史学科的奠基人、首都师     

定都北京是人民与历史的选择

北京,作为中华人民共和国的首都,已经有60年的历史了。众所周知,1949年9月,新政协第一届全体会议通过中华人民共和国定都北平,并自当月27日起正式改北平为北京。其实,中共领导人早在抗战胜利后,就考虑中共中央所在地的迁移问题。曾想选择的地方有承德、哈尔宾、淮阴以及后来的南京、西安等。当然,作为战争年代的中央所在地和作为执掌政权的新国家首都,不是一个概念。但为何最后选择北平作为新中国的首都呢？这其中有一些鲜为人知的内幕吗？     

论居住区内公共空间建设

城市居住区公共空间是指在城市居住群中,在建筑实体之间存在着的开放空间体,是城市居民进行公共交往、休闲娱乐,举行各种活动的开放性场所,其目的是为广大公众服务。公共空间的建设主要在于公共服务设施的设计和设置。本文就居住区公共服务设施建设做相关研究。     

归侨在中国大陆的文化适应(1949～1998)——对北京印尼归侨群体的调查分析

背景在散居世界各地的华侨华人中,祖籍北京者为数不多。但是,北京作为新中国的首都,政治、文化和科技中心,自新中国成立伊始就吸引着大批海外儿女投入其怀抱。１９４９年夏,新中国成立前夕,在北京的归侨有数百人。①１９５０年１０月３日,新中国第一个省级归侨、侨...     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

The Chemists' Style of Thinking

Der Denkstil der Chemiker. Der Aufsatz diskutiert die Tragfähigkeit des Begriffes “Denkstil”, wie er von Alistair Crombie eingeführt und Ian Hacking aufgegriffen wurde, für das Verständnis dessen, wie das Fach Chemie historisch seine Identität ausgeprägt hat. Obwohl weder Crombie noch Hacking den Begriff “Denkstil” in Bezug auf einzelne Disziplinen verwendet haben, erscheint im Fall der Chemie seine Anwendung besonders vielversprechend, weil er hier hilft, ein zentrales Problem zu thematisieren – nämlich die Frage, wie es Chemikern trotz wechselnder Gegenstandsbereiche und theoretischer Umbrüche gelang, eine eigenständige und stabile Identität auszubilden. Nach einer Einführung in den Begriff “Denkstil”, argumentiert der Aufsatz, dass die Beständigkeit der Chemie als eines Faches wesentlich in ihren Laborpraktiken gründet, die ihrerseits wiederum die spezifische Art der Fragen bestimmten, die Chemiker in ihren Forschungen stellten bzw. die Form der Antworten, nach denen sie suchten. Folgende Merkmale kennzeichnen diesen “chemischen Denkstil” (1) eine spezifische, im Herstellen begründete Form des Wissens, (2) die Befassung mit einzelnen Stoffen und Materialien statt mit Materie im Allgemeinen und (3) eine Beobachtung von Natur besonders im Hinblick auf Transformationsprozesse. The Chemists' Style of Thinking. This paper discusses the relevance of the notion of “styles of scientific thinking” introduced by Alistair Crombie and revisited by Ian Hacking, for understanding how chemistry shaped its identity. Although neither Crombie nor Hacking applied this notion to individual disciplines, it seems appropriate to use it in the case of chemistry because it helps to address a puzzling issue: how did chemists manage to shape an identity of their own, despite shifting territories and theoretical transformations? Following a presentation of the notion of style, I will argue that the stable identity of chemistry is rooted in laboratory practices, which determined the specific questions that chemists put to nature as well as the answers to their questions. The “chemical style of thinking” is characterized by i) a specific way of knowing through making, ii) the concern with individual materials rather than matter in general and iii) a specific commitment to nature.