逨鼎的王世与西周晚期历法月相纪日

眉县出土的27件窖藏有铭铜器中,逨盘、逨鼎尤为重要。逨盘铭文清楚地指出,逨的父亲供奉厉王,而逨受时王册封,任职虞林。逨鼎铭文记述逨任职虞林,因治理林泽及伐戎有功而被擢升。可知先盘后鼎之顺序。学者结合器形纹饰确认逨盘、逨鼎是宣王器。两组纪时逨鼎铭文中最引人注目的是“史或”这个人名,此史官见于寰盘。可知寰盘与逨盘、逨鼎都属宣王。在此基础上,本文分析了西周晚期推步历法的基本情况及月相纪日的用法和作用,考察了《史记》的宣王纪年和厉王、宣王的纪年铜器。     

四十三年佐鼎与牧簋

20 0 3年 1月在陕西眉县杨家村西周青铜器窖藏中出土器物 2 7件 ,均有铭文 ,绝大多数属宣王时期 ,其中宣王四十三年 (佐 )鼎铭文可与北宋时发现的牧簋铭文对读。牧簋器主任司士 ,受王命检察朝臣枉法的行为。四十三年佐鼎记宣王命佐“官司历人” ,参照《尚书·梓材》 ,职能也是对朝臣的监督检察 ,应即司士一系官职。这对研究当时法制有重要价值。     

吴虎鼎铭座谈纪要

王辉：近时长安县申店乡徐家寨村出土吴虎鼎,器形、纹饰皆有西周晚期特点。铭文中有"厉王",是截至目前最明确无误的宣王时铜器。历日为"十又八年十又三月既生霸丙戌",对研究周历法、王年都有极其重要的意义。铭文记周宣王授予吴虎土地,由重要官员参预勘界,由史等记录,也是研究西周晚期土地制度的珍贵资料。本刊本期刊发长安县文管会穆晓军的简报,尽快报导了这一材料;李学勤先生的研究文章,则作了深人的考释。今天,编辑部邀请西安地区的几位学者座谈,对铭文进一步加以探讨。下面请大家发言。张懋：吴虎鼎的主要价值,在于它反映的…     

戒鼎补释

戒鼎补释吴振武戒鼎是１９９５年上海博物馆从境外抢救回来的一件重要西周晚期青铜器。该鼎鼎腹内壁铸有铭文４行２６字。上海博物馆陈佩芬副馆长已撰有《释戒鼎》一文并连同器影和铭拓发表在新近出版的《第三届国际中国古文字学研讨会论文集》一书中。①我们在看了...     

膳夫山鼎年代再议

膳夫山鼎是解放前出土于陕西省扶风县北岐山一带的一件西周铜器,因为该鼎铭文所载历日、年、月、月相俱全,且为长篇铭文,因而其确切年代归属问题就成为学术界迄今争论不休的一个话题。本文结合各位学界先贤的意见,从膳夫山鼎的形制、铭文书体、铭文内容中关于“膳夫”这一官职的演变、西周礼仪制度的演变诸方面入手,和同时代的器物作类比,并结合文献资料,从而判定膳夫山鼎当属于周宣王时期器物。     

四十二年、四十三年两件吴逨鼎的年代

眉县出土四十二年、四十三年两件吴逨鼎对解决西周年代问题有重要作用,但其年历记载与公认的周宣王年历不合,本文结合文献记载及其他铜器铭文,对此进行了解说,认为周宣王可能利用了两个纪元。     

眉县杨家村窖藏青铜器铭文考述

陕西省眉县杨家村2003年元月发现西周窖藏青铜器,全部铸有长篇铭文,是研究西周历史文化的珍贵资料.《四十二年(辶桒)鼎》铭文记载了周王赏赐贵族及封建诸侯的礼仪.《四十三年(辶桒)鼎》铭文记载了周王任命作器者担任虞林的官职,并叮嘱他要勤勉从政.《(辶桒)盘》铭文记载了作器者歌颂祖先功德的文辞.     

王子午鼎年代考

一九七九年河南淅川下寺春秋楚墓二号墓内出土七件铜器,均有相同铭文。《文物》一九八○年十期发赵世纲、刘笑春同志文章(下称赵文),对铭文有很好的考释,只是没有明确铜器的铸作年代。本文据以做一点补充,续貂而已。铜器铭文,前有“王子午择其吉金”自作彝鼎,后有“令尹子庚”的慷慨文词,称此器为“王子午鼎”极是。赵文引《左传·襄公十二年》杜注:“子庚,庄王子,午也.”确认王于午即令尹子庚.又据《左襄十五》“楚公子午为令尹”,《左襄二十一》“夏,楚子庚卒,断定王子午鼎铸于襄公十五年至襄公二十一     

随仲嬭加鼎补说

曹锦炎先生在《江汉考古》2011年第4期新公布了一件随仲嬭加鼎,并对该鼎的铭文进行了很好的考释。曹先生根据鼎的形制、纹饰和铭文字体等特征,推定其时代"应是在楚武王(引案:当为楚成王之误)得随人之助争得王位之后,定在楚穆王或楚共王之际可能性较大"。张昌平先生也通过对该鼎器形、纹饰、铭文以及工艺等时代特征的观察,并对比分析相关楚系青铜器,认为该鼎制作年代在春秋中     

叶公超护国宝

考古学家张光远(元山)所著《西周重器毛公鼎》一书,曾披露了一件叶公超维护国宝毛公鼎的轶事。 毛公鼎的又名鼎或毛公鼎为公元前827年,西周宣王姬静的叔父毛公所铸造。其铭文32行,连重文497字,为传世青铜器最长的铭文。其鼎内铭文记载说: 周宣王新立,有中兴之志,乃向叔父毛公训诰先王肇建周室之艰巨伟大,现在国势濒危,特册封毛公为冢宰,掌理朝廷内外的大小政务,勉其秉公处事,以兴周室;最后厚赐毛公,毛公为感谢天子皇恩,于是作鼎垂示子孙。(译文) 清道光二十三年(公元1843年)毛公店在陕酉省歧山县出土后,“士林旧目,惊为至宝。但当初持有毛公…     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

LEAD ISOTOPE ANALYSES OF ISLAMIC POTTERY GLAZES FROM FUSTAT,EGYPT*

Lead isotope analyses have been undertaken on a group of Islamic lead‐glazed pottery artefacts from Fustat, Egypt, spanning the period from the eighth to the 14th century ad , that had previously been the subject of a comprehensive typological, chronological, petrographic and technological study. Comparison of the lead isotope ratios for the glazes with those for lead ores from Egypt, Iran, Tunisia, Anatolia, Greece, Sardinia and Spain provided information on the possible sources of the lead used in the production of the glazes. The results show that the lead used in glaze production by the Islamic potters at Fustat was most probably obtained from distant ore sources in Iran or Tunisia, Sardinia, Spain and the Taurus Mountains. Different ore sources were favoured in different periods and, to a limited extent, for different types of pottery, but at no time did the Fustat potters use the potentially more accessible Egyptian ore sources.     

Australian Cenozoic Bryozoa, 2: Free-living Cheilostomata of the Eocene St. Vincent Basin,S.A., including Bonellina gen. nov

Schmidt, R., March 2007. Australian Cenozoic Bryozoa, 2: Free-living Cheilostomata of the Eocene St. Vincent Basin, S.A., including Bonellina gen. nov. Alcheringa 31, 67-84. ISSN 0311-5518.

Free-living bryozoans are diverse in the Eocene sediments of the St. Vincent Basin, South Australia. They include Bonellina pentagonalis gen. et sp. nov., Otionellina sp. cf. O. exigua (Tenison Woods), Otionellina sp. cf. O. cupola (Tenison Woods), Tubiporella magna (Tenison Woods), Celleporaria nummularia (Tenison Woods), and an indeterminate species only found as moulds. This diversity and abundance is highest in the sediments representing the initial transgressive marine facies, where they occur in ‘sand fauna’ bryozoan assemblages (e.g. with Melicerita and Siphonicytara). Free-living bryozoans decrease up-section and are absent from latest Eocene sediments, indicating a significant environmental shift.

Rolf Schmidt [rschmid@museum.vic.gov.au], Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia; received 18.3.2005, revised 14.12.2005.