Race Always Mattered: Black-on-Black Mob Violence and Interracial Relations in Kansas

This study examines black-on-black mob violence and situates it within the historiography of mob disorder in the United States more generally. Unlike previous such studies, this one employs intra-racial violence among blacks as a prism through which to explore interracial relations between blacks and whites. It examines the roles that whites assumed in these incidents, the objectives that they pursued, and the influence that they exercised over the trajectory of subsequent events. Rather than focusing on lynching alone, as have previous studies, this one addresses several non-lethal types of mob violence, such as beatings, whippings, and the like, as well as the threat of violence, as embodied in threatened lynchings. Moving away from the usual focus on the American South and the years from 1880 until 1930, this study examines the Midwestern state of Kansas in the years from 1869 until 1911.     

Gender,Generation, and Race in American Shipyards in the Second World War

Stephen Peter Rosen. War and Human Nature. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 3005. Pp. 211. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by John A. Lynn

Marshall Sahlins. Apologies to Thucydides: Understanding History as Culture and Vice Versa. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2004. Pp. xii, 334. $30.00 (US). Reviewed by K. R. Howe

Joachim Latacz. Troy and Homer: Towards a Solution of an Old Mystery, trans. Kevin Windle and Rosh Ireland. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. Pp.xvii, 342. $96.00 (CDN). Reviewed by Anthony Snodgrass

Angelos Chaniotis. War in the Hellenistic World: A Social and Cultural History.Oxford and Maiden, MA: Blackwell, 2005. Pp. xxiii, 308. $27.95 (US). Reviewed by Stanley M. Burstein

S. A. M. Adshead. Tang China: The Rise of the East in World History. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Pp. xvii, 233. $24.95 (US)i paper. Reviewed by Richard von Glahn

Nancy Bisaha.Creating East and West: Renaissance Humanists and the Ottoman Turks. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004; dist. Toronto: Scholarly Book Services. Pp. 309. $59.95 (US). Reviewed by Jerry Brotton

Londa Schiebinger and Claudia Swan, eds. Colonial Botany: Science, Commerce, and Politics in the Early Modern World. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005; dist. Toronto: Scholarly Book Services. Pp. vi, 346. $55.00 (US); Londa Schiebinger. Plants and Empire: Colonial Bioprospecting in the Atlantic World. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2004. Pp. x, 306. $39–95 (US). Reviewed by John Gascoigne

Paul Douglas Lockhart. Frederik II and the Protestant Cause: Denmark's Role in the Wars of Religion, 1559–1596. Leiden: Brill, 2004. Pp. xxii, 350. €99.00. Reviewed by Robert I. Frost

Ulinka Rublack. Reformation Europe. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Pp. xiv, 208. $2.99 (US), paper. Reviewed by R. Po-Chia Hsia

Daniel V. Botsman. Punishment and Power in the Making of Modern Japan. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2005. Pp. xiv, 319. $35.00 (US). Reviewed by F. G. Notehelfer

Matthew Glozier. Marshal Schomberg, 1615–1690: “The Ablest Soldier of His Age”. International Soldiering and the Formation of State Armies in Seventeenth-Century Europe. Brighton and Portland, OR: Sussex Academic Press, 2005. Pp. xxiv, 250. $35.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by David Parrott

Carla Gardina Pestana. The English Atlantic in an Age of Revolution, 1640–1661. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2004. Pp. xi, 342. $49.95 (US). Reviewed by Luca Codignola

Peter C. Perdue. China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia. Cambridge, MA and London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2005. Pp. xx, 725. $35.00 (US). Reviewed by John W. Dardess

Kathleen Wilson, ed. A New Imperial History: Culture, Identity, and Modernity in Britain and the Empire, 1660-1840. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Pp. xv, 385. $34-99 (US), paper. Reviewed by J. C. D. Clark

Liam C. Kelley. Beyond the Bronze Pillars: Envoy Poetry and the Sino-Vietnamese Relationship. Honolulu: Association for Asian Studies and University of Hawaii Press, 2005. Pp. xiii, 267. $45.00 (US). Reviewed by Nola Cooke

Andrew Porter.Religion Versus Empire? British Protestant Missionaries and Overseas Expansion, 1700-1914. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 2004; dist. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. Pp. viii, 373- $29–95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Terence Ranger

P. J. MARSHALL. The Making and Unmaking of Empires: Britain, India, and America, c.1750–1783. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. Pp. vi, 398. $90.00 (CDN); Steven Sarson.British America, 1500–1800: Creating Colonies, Imagining an Empire. London: Hodder Arnold, 2005; dist. New York: Oxford University Press. Pp. xix, 332. $45.50 (CDN), paper. Reviewed by Trevor Burnard

C. A. Bayly.The Birth of the Modern World, 1780–1914: Global Connections and Comparisons. Maiden, MA and Oxford: Blackwell, 2004. Pp. xxiv, 540. $34.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Kenneth Pomeranz

Robert Galois, ed. A Voyage to the North West Side of America: The Journals of James Colnett, 1786–89. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2004. Pp. xiii, 441. $95.00 (CDN). Reviewed by Ken S. Coates

Bernard Porter.The Absent-Minded Imperialists: Empire, Society, and Culture in Britain. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. Pp. xxii, 475. $71.50 (CDN). Reviewed by H. V. Bowen

Stuart Semmel.Napoleon and the British. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2004. Pp. xii, 354. $40.00 (US). Reviewed by Neville Thompson

Bruce Mazlish and Akira Iriye, eds. The Global History Reader. London and New York: Roudedge, 2005. Pp. x, 302. $17.99 (US) paper; Geoffrey Jones. Multinationals and Global Capitalism: From the Nineteenth to the Twenty-First Century. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. Pp. xi, 340. $195.00 (CDN), paper. Reviewed by Alfred E. Eckes

Zachary Lockman. Contending Visions of the Middle East: The History and Politics of Orientalism. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Pp. xxi, 308. $30–95 (US), paper. Reviewed by James Jankowski

Gerard Moran. Sending out Ireland's Poor: Assisted Emigration to North America in the Nineteenth Century. Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2004; dist. Portland, OR: ISBS. Pp. 252. $55.00 (US). Reviewed by Tyler Anbinder

Erik Gilbert.Dhows and the Colonial Economy of Zanzibar, 1860–1970. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2004. Pp. xiii, 176. $44.95 (US). Reviewed by Laura Fair

Michael R. Auslin. Negotiating with Imperialism: The Unequal Treaties and the Culture of Japanese Diplomacy. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2004. Pp. viii, 263. $45.00 (US). Reviewed by Michael A. Barnhart

Frank J. Merli. The Alabama, British Neutrality, and the American Civil War, ed. David M. Fahey. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2004. Pp. xx, 223. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by Brian Holden Reid

Robert T. Foley. German Strategy and the Path to Verdun: Erich von Falkenhayn and the Development of Attrition, 1870–1916. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Pp. x, 301. $70.00 (US). Reviewed by Holger H. Herwig

Roger Owen. Lord Cromer: Victorian Imperialist, Edwardian Proconsul. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. Pp. xxi, 436. $75.00 (CDN), cloth; $45.00 (CDN), paper. Reviewed by Saul Kelly

Theodore Huters. Bringing the World Home: Appropriating the West in Late Qing and Early Republican China. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2005. Pp. ix, 370. $55.00 (US). Reviewed by Edward Rhoads

Stephen G. Craft. V. K. Wellington Koo and the Emergence of Modern China. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2004. Pp. xii, 330. $40.00 (US). Reviewed by Stephen R. Mackinnon

Noenoe K. Silva. Aloha Betrayed: Native Hawaiian Resistance to American Colonialism. Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 3004. Pp. x, 260. $21.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by William E. H. Tagupa

Anne Perez Hattori. Colonial Dis-ease: US Navy Health Policies and the Chamorros of Guam, 1898–1941. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2004. Pp. xiv, 239. $45.00 (US). Reviewed by Roger Dingman

Patricia E. Roy. The Oriental Question: Consolidating a White Man'lar;85.00 (CDN), cloth; $29.95 (CDNK paper. Reviewed by Hilary K. Blair

Maureen Healy. Vienna and the Fall of the Habsburg Empire: Total War and Everyday Life in World War I. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Pp. xv, 333. $75.00 (US). Reviewed by C. M. Peniston-Bird

Mona L. Siegel. The Moral Disarmament of France: Education, Pacifism, and Patriotism, 1914–1940. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Pp. xiv, 317. $75.00 (US). Reviewed by Robert J. Young

Thomas Boghardt. Spies of the Kaiser: German Covert Operations in Great Britain during the First World War Era. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Pp. xiv, 224. $69.95 (US)- Reviewed by David Stevenson

Ben Shepherd. War in the Wild East: The German Army and Soviet Partisans. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2004. Pp. vi, 300. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by Mark von Hagen

Yasir Suleiman. A War of Words: Language and Conflict in the Middle East. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Pp. xiii, 270. $70.00 (US), cloth; $27.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by Eliezer Ben-Rafael

Seth Jacobs. America's Miracle Man in Vietnam: Ngo Dinh Diem, Religion, Race, and US Intervention in Southeast Asia, 1950–1957. Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 2004. Pp. x, 381. $22.95 (US)i paper. Reviewed by Andrew Preston

Wilson P. Dizard, Jr. Inventing Public Diplomacy: The Story of the US Information Agency. Boulder and London: Lynne Rienner, 2004. Pp. xv, 255. $49–95 (US). Reviewed by Scott Lucas

Gunnar Skogmar. The United States and the Nuclear Dimension of European Integration. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Pp. xi, 331. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by Mervyn O'Driscoll

Philippe Roger. The American Enemy: A Story of French Anti-Americanism, trans. Sharon Bowman. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2005. Pp. xviii, 518. $.35.00 (US). Reviewed by Donald Reid

Christopher Endy. Cold War Holidays: American Tourism in France. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 2004; dist. Toronto: SBS. Pp. xii, 286. $32.95 (CDN). Reviewed by Frank Costigliola

David Easter. Britain and the Confrontation with Indonesia, 1960–1966. London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 2004. Pp. ix, 257. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by Howard Dick

Richard K. Herrmann and Richard Ned Lebow, eds. Ending the Cold War: Interpretations, Causation, and the Study of International Relations. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Pp. viii, 248. $24.95 (US)? paper. Reviewed by William D.Jackson

James Barber. Mandela's World: The International Dimension of South Africa's Political Revolution, 1990–99. Athens: Ohio University Press and Oxford: James Currey, 2004. Pp. ix, 214. $24.95 (US) paper. Reviewed by Jeremy Seekings

Anthony James Joes. Resisting Rebellion: The History and Politics of Counterinsurgency. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2004. Pp. 351. $35.00 (US). Reviewed by Ian F. W. Beckett

Anne-Marie Slaughter. New World Order. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2004. Pp. xviii, 341. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by Tim Dunne

Ian Clark. Legitimacy in International Society. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. Pp. viii, 278. $90.00 (CDN). Reviewed by Ian Hurd

Frederick Cooper. Colonialism in Question: Theory, Knowledge, History. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2005. Pp. xii, 327. $19.95 (US) paper. Reviewed by Dane Kennedy

Jack Goody. Capitalism and Modernity: The Great Debate. Cambridge and Maiden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, Polity Press, 2004. Pp. vii, 200. $21.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Thomas D. Hall

David L. Rousseau. Democracy and War: Institutions, Norms, and the Evolution of International Conflict. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2005. Pp. xv, 384. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by Miriam Fendius Elman

Michael Mann. The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic Cleansing. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Pp. x, 580. $24.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by Milton J. Esman     

Gender,Race, and Rumours: Re-examining the 1943 Race Riots

Focusing on three riots of the World War II era – those of Beaumont (Texas), Detroit, and New York's Harlem – this essay examines the rumours that sparked these disturbances to uncover the gendered ideologies that underlie racial violence. In these rumour narratives, women appear as either rape victims or tortured mothers, while men appear as either depraved rapists or noble protectors. The deployment of these images helped forge a defensive collective identity that facilitated the outbreak of violence. Because racial and gender ideologies were intimately linked, the author argues, race riots must be analysed through the lens of gender in order to be fully understood.     

Imperial Inspections: Archaeology,War and Violence

The political-ethical complexities of archaeological work have led to this publication of a theme issue that attempts to critically consider our privileged positions as scholars, but also the limitations of our work in the context of violent conflicts. At the same time these papers show how practical remedial initiatives sought for distressing situations in which archaeologists may find themselves can often only intensify the problems.     

Race,Gender, Science and Citizenship

This paper argues that the history of embodiment of human racial and gendered differences must be seen as part of the history of liberal citizenship and its limits. The author suggests that a science of similarity and difference can never be a reliable guide to questions of rights. The consequences of this conclusion for our understanding of science and the gendered body are addressed in the second half of the paper, in an effort to clear the way for a more adequate and inclusionary model of citizenship and rights.     

Race,Gender, and Communications in Natural Disasters

We examine public attitudes toward vulnerability and evacuation in hurricane natural disasters. Using the results of an opinion survey in a coastal, New England state, we find important differences in how men and women, and Whites and minorities perceive natural disasters. Race, gender, and geographic proximity to the coast affect how vulnerable people believe their residence is to a major hurricane, while government officials and media reporting telling people to evacuate influence evacuation decisions. In order to avoid future breakdowns, governments need to understand the different information processing approaches of various groups of people.     

Kuwait,Political Violence and the Syrian War

Kuwait’s support of civilians in war-torn Syria has been commended by the international community. In addition, the Gulf state has joined US-led coalitions against the ‘Islamic State’ and affirmed many international agreements designed to choke off international assistance to militias operating in Syria. In 2015, Kuwait paid a heavy price for its involvement, becoming a victim of IS-affiliated terrorism. Whilst this suggests that Kuwait’s position on radical Islamist movements involved in the Syrian conflict is clear cut, this article will argue that Kuwait’s government has had to balance this official position against domestic support for elements of the radical Islamist opposition in Syria. These cross-cutting tensions were underscored by the US designation of the state as the ‘epicentre’ of private fund raising for militias in Syria. To explore these contradictions, this article will analyse Kuwait’s engagement with the Syrian war, its new anti-terror legislation and the tensions between the official and unofficial views on support for foreign militias. This analysis will highlight the challenges the Kuwait government has faced in addressing unofficial Kuwaiti engagement with the radical Islamist opposition in Syria.     

Intersecting Identities: Race,Military Affiliation,and Youth Attitudes towards War

Abstract

African-Americans in the U.S. military encompass at least two distinct identity groups: a racial status associated with lower support for the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, and a military status which tends to be more ‘hawkish’ in perspective. This study examines the intersection of these two status characteristics utilizing survey data of American military academy cadets, Reserve Officer Training Corp (ROTC) cadets, and civilian students (n = 5,051). Majorities of military cadets, regardless of race, supported both of these wars more than their civilian counterparts, but African-Americans are significantly less supportive of the wars relative to their peers within each group. African-American cadets support both wars less so than whites and cadets of other races, but African-American cadets supported both wars more than African-American civilians. It appears that racial and military affiliations combine to yield a unique perspective on war, adapting elements of both statuses. These findings support the concept of intersectionality.     

Memories of an Imperial City: Race,Gender, and Birmingham,Alabama

September 15, 2013, marked the 50^th anniversary of the 16^th Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham, Alabama, USA. The bombing remains one of the most infamous events in the history of white supremacist violence in the United States. While conventional accounts of the event and its aftermath often consider the legal restructuring of the US state following the passage of subsequent Civil Rights legislation, little has been written about the transnational significance of Birmingham in shaping the character of US power abroad. This article argues that memorialisation and cultural architecture of Birmingham represent a significant crucible forging a particular style of liberal empire. Tracing a cultural genealogy of Birmingham through the writings of former Secretary of State and National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice and famed scholar-activist Angela Davis, I demonstrate how Birmingham, as a site of historic black struggle, has been remembered alongside the place-making of empire.     

Re-analysing the Baining: The Mytho-Poetics of Race,Gender and Art

This article criticises primitivist caricatures of the Baining in Melanesia as a society that lacks exegesis, symbolic logics, religion, structures of power and control, and even an interest in play. The mytho-poetics of gender and procreation in Mali Baining society are documented by focusing on how art and sexuality are traced onto each other. The formative power of painting, barkcloth, dancing masks, netbags and music are merged with the formative power of women. Art and sexuality are made to inform each other's generative potential, and even each other's aesthetic charm. These fertile mytho-poetic practices also underpin Mali political practices. Mali indigenous identity is celebrated as local control over the original powers of creation, which continue to reside in the earth, in the local landscape and, above all, in that which underpins all creation, women's procreative bodies with their creative potential to bring forth something new. The Mali localise creative processes so as to empower and revalue themselves within a culture of resistance to the hegemony of colonialism, modernity, settlers and regional ethnic elites.     

Liberal Violence and the Racial Borders of the European Union

This paper examines how racial violence underpins the European Union’s border regime. Drawing on two case studies, in northern France and the Balkans, we explore how border violence manifests in divergent ways: from the direct physical violence which is routine in Croatia, to more subtle forms of violence evident in the governance of migrants and refugees living informally in Calais, closer to Europe’s geopolitical centre. The use of violence against people on the move sits uncomfortably with the liberal, post-racial self-image of the European Union. Drawing upon the work of postcolonial scholars and theories of violence, we argue that the various violent technologies used by EU states against migrants embodies the inherent logics of liberal governance, whilst also reproducing liberalism’s tendency to overlook its racial limitations. By interrogating how and why border violence manifests we draw critical attention to the racialised ideologies within which it is predicated. This paper characterises the EU border regime as a form of “liberal violence” that seeks to elide both its violent nature and its racial underpinnings.