《且听风吟》的互文性文本策略

《且听风吟》作为村上的处女作预告了日后创作的倾向,其间鲜明的互文性叙事策略亦是如此。作者通过小说文本与历史史实的互文,小说文本与音乐以及广播、电影等媒介的互文,以及文本与经典文学作品、文本内部的自我指涉间的互文,在诸多文本的ON与OFF之间使这部作品不再仅仅是夏日十九日间的青春感伤物语,而是蕴含了村上十余年后所追求的＂综合小说＂的指向。     

Andrew Jackson Downing and the Tyranny of Taste

The following essay examines the published writing of Andrew Jackson Downing, the early nineteenth century architect and landscape gardener. As the most popular writer and commentator on house and landscape design of his time Downing profoundly shaped – both literally and metaphorically – the social and geographical environment of the emergent middle class. Relating his writing to the promotion of a shared nationalism as embodied in the landscape painting of the Hudson River School, the essay assesses Downing's drive to order by seeing it as a response to the general violence and disorder of the antebellum American city and demonstrates that the defining logic of Downing's project was the universalization of bourgeois taste, uniting the mutually legitimating discourses of privacy, consumption and self‐control.     

Sing me some glinka or dargomyzhsky

I wish to express my gratitude to the College of Fine Arts, Arizona State University, and to Dean Seymour Rosen, for a grant enabling me to complete this paper. Thanks also are due to the Russian and East European Center of the University of Illinois, Urbana, for its support of part of the project; to Laurence H. Miller and the staff of the university's Special Languages Library and to M. Balachandran of the Commerce Library; and to Professor Roland John Wiley of the School of Music, The University of Michigan, for a number of thoughtful suggestions.     

A Shooting Incident at Insein Prison,Burma, in 1947

On 9 February 1947, a detachment of armed police was called into the Insein Central Gaol in the northern suburbs of Rangoon to quell a serious disturbance. The police fired into the rioting prison wards, killing four inmates—a further prisoner died of heart failure—and wounding three others. The inspector-general of prisons, Burma, the superintendent of the Insein Gaol, and the district superintendent of police were subsequently suspended from duty. This paper examines the background to the Insein Gaol shootings, the incident itself, the government-ordered enquiry into the shootings, the government's response to the enquiry's report, and the final fate of the three senior prison and police officials. The paper sets the Insein prison shootings, in all their aspects, in the context of the fierce struggle between the Burmese nationalists and a weakening British administration in the final months of colonial rule.     

哈德逊河画派与美国自我意识的崛起

国内学者对美国文化研究的视角主要集中在政治经济领域,鲜有从艺术活动的角度考察美国文化的意义。在某种层面上,艺术活动可以反映一个时期国家占主导地位的意识观念。从19世纪中期流行于美国的哈德逊河画派的风景画的剖析入手,可以洞察这一时期美国的主流意识观念。从中可以看出,美国在文化上的自我意识最早出现于19世纪中叶。在这个阶段,美国不仅加强了国家认同,而且意识到在文化上需要脱离欧洲的影响,形成独立的美国文化。     

Conference report: 'L'età dei totalitarismi. Silone e la cultura letteraria e politica degli anni venti-trenta'

Giovannino Guareschi, author of the immensely popular Don Camillo stories and editor of the weekly newspaper Candido, spent 14 months in a Parma prison from 1954 to 1955 for having libelled the former Prime Minister Alcide De Gasperi. To this day, he is the only Italian journalist since the founding of the Republic ever to have served actual, behind-bars jail time for libel. This study examines several aspects of Guareschi's life in prison – the ways he coped with boredom and loneliness, the attempts he made to understand his fellow inmates and how he defiantly tried to buoy his spirits. In particular, it focuses on both his correspondence with his wife Ennia, a collection of 44 letters, and his personal musings kept in two prison diaries – all documents that have never been published. The analysis rectifies common misinterpretations as to why Guareschi purposely refused to appeal his guilty verdict and chose to go to jail, considers how Guareschi presented himself in his writings and contemplates Guareschi's place in the history of Italian prison writing.     

LIMITATIONS OF USING A COARSE RESOLUTION MODEL TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON SEA ICE IN HUDSON BAY

The simulation of Sea-ice in a coarse resolution ocean general circulation model is examined in Hudson Bay and surrounding waters. Sea-ice distribution and duration compared well to climatological values, although ice thickness is undersimulated as it is in other modelling work. In Hudson Bay ice thickness variation was dominated by the atmospheric forcing as shown by the symmetric response of ice thickness to warming and cooling scenarios. Below ice heat fluxes play a more significant role in Foxe Basin and Baffin Bay where they mitigate air-ice heat loss by as much as 40 percent, thus limiting ice thickness and duration. Below ice heat flux reduces by 23 percent for the region of study (Hudson Bay, Foxe Basin, Baffin Bay, and Labrador Sea) for a global 3°C cooling and increases by 9 percent for a 3°C global warming. This asymmetric response is attributed to the ocean's asymmetric response to warming and cooling scenarios. In so much as Hudson Bay is dominated by atmospheric forcing rather than under ice heat as these results indicate, coarse resolution models may be useful in assessing the impact of change. However the necessary reconfiguration of the model grid render results from Foxe Basin and Hudson Strait less credible. On étudie la simulation de glace marine dans un modèle de circulation océanique générale à faible résolution dans la baie d'Hudson et dans les eaux avoisinantes. La distribution et la durée de la glace marine correspondent bien aux valeurs climatologiques, bien que l'épaisseur de la glace soit sous-simulée comme c'est le cas dans d'autres travaux de modélisation. Dans la baie d'Hudson, la variation de l'epaisseur de la glace est dominée par le forçage atmosphérique, comme on peut le voir d'après la réponse symétrique de l'épaisseur de la glace suivant les scénarios de réchauffement et de refroidissement. Les flux de chaleur sous la glace jouent un rôle plus important dans le bassin de Foxe et la baie Baffin, où ils permettent une réduction des pertes de chaleur air-glace allant jusqu'à 40 pour cent, limitant ainsi l'épaisseur de la glace et la durée. Le flux de chaleur sous la glace diminue de 23 pour cent dans la région étudiée (baie d'Hudson, bassin de Foxe, baie Baffin et mer du Labrador) pour un refroidissement global de 3C et augmente de 9 pour cent pour un réchauffement global de 3C. On attribue cette réponse asymétrique à la réponse asymétrique de l'océan aux scénarios de refroidissement et de réchauffement. Dans la mesure où, comme l'indiquent ces résultats, la baie d'Hudson est dominée par le forçage atmosphérique plutôt que par la chaleur sous la glace, des modèles à faible résolution peuvent être utiles pour évaluer l'impact des changements. Cependant, la reconfiguration nécessaire de la grille du modèle atténue la crédibilité des résultats obtenus dans le Bassin de Foxe et le détroit d'Hudson.     

‘In aid of civil power’: The colonial army in Northern India,c.1919–42

India's tribal northeast continues to be a footnote in national and international historiography. Influenced by James C. Scott's recent characterisation of the non-state hill peoples of Zomia and their deliberate evasion of subject status, this article reappraises the 1826 treaty between the British political agent and Khasi leader U Tirot Sing, and the subsequent Nongkhlaw massacre. It further explores a set of British expectations of the hills as a potential site for missionisation and white colonisation. In this way, it asserts the purchase of Scott's theories, but argues for the further potential of micro-history and the colonial archive to render indigenous histories more visible.     

A Father,a Daughter and a Procurator: Authority and Resistance in the Prison Memoir of Perpetua of Carthage

The prison narrative attributed to the early third‐century Christian martyr Perpetua of Carthage has long attracted attention because of its dramatic portrayal of a Roman father's failure to extract obedience from his adult daughter as he tries to dissuade her from allowing herself to be punished as an enemy of the Roman state. This study explores the alignment between paternal authority and the authority of the Roman procurator Hilarianus in Perpetua's narrative, considering how the civic spaces of forum and arena became theatres for both filial and civil disobedience.     

Sing me some glinka or dargomyzhsky

I wish to express my gratitude to the College of Fine Arts, Arizona State University, and to Dean Seymour Rosen, for a grant enabling me to complete this paper. Thanks also are due to the Russian and East European Center of the University of Illinois, Urbana, for its support of part of the project; to Laurence H. Miller and the staff of the university's Special Languages Library and to M. Balachandran of the Commerce Library; and to Professor Roland John Wiley of the School of Music, The University of Michigan, for a number of thoughtful suggestions.     

CANDID DISCUSSIONS ABOUT FIELDWORK: The New Ethnographer pre-field training workshop

In this conference review, the author reviews the first The New Ethnographer (TNE) pre-fieldwork training workshop for doctoral students that took place over two days at the London School of Economics and Political Science in February 2020. TNE's approach to pre-fieldwork training runs counter to institutionalized approaches of risk management: it acknowledges fieldwork's inherent messiness and ethnographers’ emotional and embodied entanglements, while inviting participants to rethink the language of ‘risk’ and ‘danger’. TNE's contribution lies in facilitating frank and experimental conversations between early career researchers, first via its digital platform, and now through scenario-based learning in the classroom.     

Reviews/Comptes rendus

Development Regions in the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, and Canada , edited by A ndrew F. B urghardt
London School of Economics & Political Science and School of Slavonic Studies, University of London
Indians in the Fur Trade: Their Role as Trappers, Hunters, and Middlemen in the Lands Southwest of Hudson Bay 1660-1870 , by A rthur J. R ay
Environmental Data from Historical Documents by Content Analysis: Freeze-up and Break-up of Estuaries on Hudson Bay, 1714-1871 , by D.W. M oodie and A.J.W. C atchpole
Techniques in Pedology , by R ichard T. S mith and K enneth A tkinson
La Crise Urbaine: A Challenge to Geographers , edited by R.A. R oberge
Urban Home steading , by J ames W. H ughes and K enneth D. B leakly , Jr.     

Activity-induced musculoskeletal stress markers (MSM) and subsistence strategy changes among ancient Hudson Bay Eskimos

Although archaeological evidence may express the results of several seasons of activity, the human skeleton, when correlated with archaeological and ethnographic data, provides information concerning daily activities performed throughout an individual's lifetime. Studies in occupational and sports medicine, along with electromyographic analysis of movement, have shown that different activities place different amounts of stress on human bone. In the present study, analysis of upper extremity musculoskeletal stress markers (MSM) has been used to clarify habitual activity patterns of two ancient Thule Eskimo groups from northwest Hudson Bay, Canada. Distinct pattern differences in muscle use occurred between Thule adult males and females and suggest possible gender-specific activity patterns that are not always discernible from the archaeological record alone. Temporal applications of the MSM data for Early and Late Period Thule support McCartney's theory of a substantial change in subsistence strategies through time, particularly among the adult males.     

Landscapes of (neo-)liberal control: the transcarceral spaces of federally sentenced women in Canada

This article maps the racializing, classing and gendering cartographies of cross-spatial marginalization and social control experienced by women who were formerly federally incarcerated in Canada. By investigating women's criminalization, prison and post-prison experiences, this article traces practices of racialization, gendering and classing that underwrite liberal to neo-liberal forms of social control. Results from 68 interviews with women released from federal prisons in Canada show that women's criminalization cannot solely be traced to shifts from liberal to neo-liberal governance, but rather to the ways in which structures of oppression have influenced women's criminalization across liberal to neo-liberal rationalities. This analysis shows how liberal ‘welfarist’ ideas and ideals are embedded in neo-liberal reforms and provide the discursive platforms of an extended and widened network of social control of criminalized women beyond prison walls, across institutions, including a variety of (non-)government actors and the women themselves. This widened web of (neo-)liberal social control constitutes practices that have formed carceral spaces beyond prison walls and have perpetuated and exacerbated women's marginality after their release from federal prisons in Canada.     

Inaugural Address at Durham

Abstract

The documented gift of Kilpeck church to St Peter's Abbey (now the Cathedral), Gloucester, is taken as the starting-point for the examination of sculptural and architectural links between Gloucester and Gloucestershire churches, on the one hand, and Kilpeck and Herefordshire churches, on the other. Technical aspects of the so-called Dymock School of Sculpture emphasise its importance in the formation of the Herefordshire School. Aspects of Roman and Anglo-Saxon heritage are also considered.     

Public vices,private remedies in nineteenth-century Italy: Giulia Falletti di Barolo Colbert and Le Forzate

In nineteenth-century Italy notions of femininity and, no less, masculinity influenced the ways in which crime was viewed. The result was that criminality was perceived, judged and explained differently according to the sex of the offender. At every stage in the penal process, cultural understandings of what women were like, and how they ought to behave, operated to define the appropriate response to their misconduct and to structure their punishment. These 'gendered' aspects of criminal justice have influenced the practices of prosecution and sentencing, and, most clearly of all, the special regimes and attitudes adopted in women's prisons: throughout the century male prison regimes emphasized discipline and deterrence, while female prisons developed individualized programmes of 'moral regeneration'. This article deals with the history of the first prison destined exclusively for women - which was opened in Turin in 1821 - with the circumstances which brought about its creation as well as with its organizational structure and its aims. Its promoter - both in money and in spirit - was a woman, named Giulia Falletti di Barolo Colbert. Giving special consideration to the ideals of its foundress, this article examines how nineteenth-century perceptions of the female criminal differentiated the nature and purpose of penal servitude for women.     

Greening the Cage: Exploitation and Resistance in the (Un)Sustainable Prison Garden

The current popularity of prison greening coincides with a reformist project in carceral administration centring the “rehabilitation” and “transformation” of incarcerated people, finding a natural home in the prison garden. In contrast to mainstream literatures that celebrate reform and foreground recidivism, I argue that the prison garden is exploited institutionally for the symbolic power of “green” to help resolve a crisis of legitimacy in prisons, and thereby capitalism, depoliticising the violence of incarceration while reproducing the symbolic conditions of racial capitalism through two different socioecological (prison) fixes. This proceeds in strikingly similar ways to urban sustainable development, which regularly depoliticises and extends racial and spatial injustice across the city. Yet, in its tensions and contradictions, the (un)sustainable prison garden remains a space where radical possibilities can emerge through moments of resistance, constituting various tenets of a precarious carceral food justice praxis.     

RAINY RIVER STURGEON: AN OJIBWAY RESOURCE IN THE FUR TRADE ECONOMY

Previous fur trade scholarship has emphasized the hunting of fur bearers and large game rather than fishing as a component of trade relations with native peoples in the northwestern interior of North America. Evidence from fur trade records of the 18th and 19th centuries clearly indicates the importance of the Rainy River sturgeon fishery to Ojibway subsistence and commerce. In addition to being a major food resource, sturgeon provided the Ojibway with a substance called isinglass, which was traditionally important and was also a marketable commodity. Derived from the air bladder of sturgeon, isinglass was highly valued in the European market. The Hudson's Bay Company took great efforts to secure supplies of isinglass from native fishermen. Analysis of isinglass returns from Hudson's Bay Company account books reveals the magnitude of sturgeon production from the Rainy River area. During the fur trade period, the sturgeon fishery was a highly productive industry, characterized by a sustained annual yield. With the advent of non-native commercial fisheries in the region, production increased beyond the level of sustained yield. This resource was virtually destroyed by the early 20th century. Les recherches antérieures consacrées au commerce des fourrures ont fait ressortir la chasse d'animaux à fourrure et de gros gibiers plutôt que la pêche cornme activité importante dans les relations comrnerciales avec les autochtones vivant à I'interieur du Nord-Ouest de I'Amériyue du Nord. Les documents touchant le commerce de la fourrure dux 18^e et 19^e siècles démontrent nettement l'importance de la pêhe aux esturgeons dans la riviéere Rainy pour les Ojibways dans leur vie et leur commerce. En plus de constituer une irnportante res-source alimentaire, l'esturgeon offrait aux Ojibways une substance appelée ichtyocolle qui avait une importance traditionnelle et représentait également un produit négotiable. Ce produit, provenant de la poche d'air de l'esturgeon ètait très estimè sur le marché européen. la compagnie de la baie d'Hudson s'est efforcée de s'ap-provisionner en ichtyocolle auprès des pêcheurs indigènes. Les livres de comptabilitè de la compagnie de labaie d'Hudson révèfent l'importance de la production d'esturgeons dans la région de la rivière Rainy. Au cours de la période du commerce des fourrures, la pêhe d'esturgeons était une industrie très productive, caractérisée par un rendement annuel soutenu. Avec I'arrivée dans la région de la pêche commerciale non-autochtone, la production a dépassé les niveaux de rendements support-ables. Cette ressource s'est trouvée virtuellement dé-truite au début du xx^e siècle.