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1.
The Pentland Hills : their Paths and Passes. By W. A. S. With a Map. Edinburgh : Adam and Charles Black. 1885. Price 6d.

South France—From the Loire to the Mediterranean, and from the Bay of Biscay to the Rivers Arno and Po. The Island of Corsica, By O. B. Black. Fourth Edition. 1885. 38 Maps and 23 Plans. Edinburgh : Adam and Charles Black. Price, 7s. 6d.

North France—From the North Sea to the Loire, exclusive of Paris, and from the Bay of Biscay to the Rhine. By C. B. Black. New Edition. 1885. 19 Maps and 20 Plans. Edinburgh : Adam and Charles Black. Price, 7s. 6d.

Belgium—Rotterdam, Flushing, etc. By C. B. Black. New Edition. 1885. 10 Plans and 5 Maps. Edinburgh : Adam and Charles Black. Price, 2s. 6d.

China and the Roman Orient: Eesearches into their Ancient and Medi?val Relations, as represented in Old Chinese Records. By F. Hirth, Ph.D. Leipsic and Munich: Georg Hirth. Shanghai and Hong‐Kong : Kelly and Walsh. 1885.

Our South African Empire. By Wm. Greswell, M.A., F.R.C.S. In two volumes. London : Chapman and Hall (Limited), 1885.

Visitors’ Guide to Siena and San Gimignano. By J. L. Bevir, M.A. London : Edward Stanford. 1885. Pp. viii, and 232, including 4 pp. of Index.

Brazil and Java. Report on Coffee Culture in America, Asia, and Africa, to His Excellency the Minister of the Colonies. By C. F. van Delden Laërne. London : W. H. Allen and Co. The Hague : Martinus Nijhoff, 1885.

Notices Coloniales—Publiées à l'occasion de l'Exposition universelle d'Anvers au 1885. Paris : Imprimerie Nationale, 1885. Two volumes.

The Purple Land that England Lost. Travels and Adventures in the Banda ‐Oriental, South America. By W. H. Hudson. London : Sampson Low, Marston, and Co., 1885. 2 vols.; pp. 286 and 256. Price 21s.

Der Papua des dunkeln Inselreichs: im Lichte psychologischer Forschung. Von Adolf Bastian. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1885. Price 7 marks. Pp. 368, Index.  相似文献   

2.
The latest orthodoxy to emerge in environmental literature centres on the notion that state ownership of forests results in poor management and ecological degradation. Depending on their political persuasion, scholars, policy-makers and activists either advocate privatization of state forests, or demand their transferral to local communities as solutions for promoting sustainable forest management. This article argues that such proposals are flawed because they assume that ownership status determines the ways in which resources are used and managed. It argues that an analytical distinction needs to be made between property and control for understanding the complex interplay of social, economic, political and ecological factors that influence forest stock, composition and quality. Through a historical analysis of the development of state forestry in the Indian Himalaya, the article shows how state ownership of forests does not result in the monolithic imposition of proprietary rights, but emerges instead as an ensemble of access and management regimes.  相似文献   

3.
17-19世纪喜马拉雅地区的羊绒贸易和战争   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
近代以来,西喜马拉雅地区出品的羊绒披肩享誉世界。巨大的利益诱使莫卧儿人、锡克人、道格拉人、英国殖民主义者为争夺羊绒资源,垄断羊绒贸易相互倾轧。作为羊绒输出国,清政府却本着"修其教不易其俗,齐其政不易其宜"的治边理念置身事外,无视自身利益受损,为以后边疆危机的出现种下隐患。  相似文献   

4.
Foraminiferal assemblage from Permian rocks of Eastern Himalaya, India are recorded for the first time. Twenty-two genera and twenty-eight species are documented from the Garu Formation, Eastern Himalaya. The foraminiferal assemblage supports previous age determinations based on megafauna. The distinctive foraminiferal assemblage from India supports the recognition of Australian and Afghanistan-Indian provinces in the Early Permian Austral realm. An appreciable number of common species in these provinces is indicative of close geographic links.  相似文献   

5.
ABSTRACT

This article examines international relations (IR)'s approach to the Himalaya. We argue that the possibility of violent conflict over contested international borders is not the region's primary international challenge. Rather, slow violence inflicted by state-building and militarisation, intimately connected to geopolitical tensions, threaten the region's ecologies, cultures and languages. The Himalaya is home to three biodiversity hotspots and a mosaic of ethnic groups, many of whom speak threatened languages. Its ice-deposits feed most of Asia's large rivers. In recent years, India and China have pursued large-scale infrastructure development in the region, enabling greater militarisation and extraction, and a tourist rush. These threats are amplified by climate change, which is occurring in the Himalaya at twice global averages, contributing to landslides, flooding, and droughts. However, the region's complexity is not matched by IR's theorisations, which overwhelmingly focus on the possibility of violent conflict between state actors. We argue that IR's analysis of the region must go beyond a states-and-security, Delhi-Beijing-Islamabad centred approach, to look at the numerous interconnections between its geopolitics, cultures and ecologies. We suggest this can be accomplished through incorporating more interdisciplinary analysis, and through focusing on the interaction between the organisation of political authority and the region's environment.  相似文献   

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Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) of quartz, with closure temperatures of 30–35°C in conjunction with Apatite Fission Track (AFT; closure temp. ~120°C) and 40Ar-39Ar (biotite closure temperature ~350°C), were used to obtain cooling ages from Higher Himalayan crystalline rocks of Western Arunachal Himalaya (WAH). Cooling age data based on OSL, AFT and Ar-Ar thermochronology provide inference on the exhumation — erosion history for three different time intervals over million to thousand year scale. Steady-state exhumation of ~0.5 mm/yr was observed during Miocene (>7.2 Ma) till Early Pleistocene (1.8 Ma). Onset of Pleistocene glacial/interglacial conditions from ~1.8 Ma formed glaciated valleys and rapid erosion with rivers incising deep valleys along their course. Erosion enables midcrustal partial melts to move beneath the weak zone in the valley and causes an erosion-induced tectonic uplift. This resulted in a rapid increase in exhumation rate. The OSL thermochronology results suggest increased erosion over ~21 ka period from Late Pleistocene (2.5 mm/yr) to Early Holocene (5.5 mm/yr) and these are to be contrasted with pre 1.8 Ma erosion rate of 0.5 mm/yr. Enhanced erosion in the later stage coincides with the periods of deglaciation during Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 1 and 2. The results of the present study suggest that in the present setting OSL thermochronology informed on the short-term climatic effect on landscape evolution and techniques like the AFT and 40Ar-39Ar provided longer-term exhumation histories.  相似文献   

8.
<正>锤头鲨,顾名思义,这种鲨鱼有着像锤子一样的脑袋,准确地说来,它们的脑袋长得如同一把榔头,而眼睛就长在头的左右两侧,距离非常远,看上去颇有几分怪异,不过也正是因为这样,锤头鲨才有了更为广阔的视野。锤头鲨的寿命通常有30~40岁。一般来说,锤头鲨的体长在4米左右,体重230公斤上下,生活在热带及温带海域。在今天,锤头鲨已经成为濒危动物,在加拉帕戈斯,你能够见到这些"水中巨头"的身影,其实还有赖于当地政府的保护,厄瓜多尔政府已经在加拉帕戈斯群岛的海洋保护区内为濒临灭绝的锤头鲨设立了禁猎区,让这些"水中巨头"可以有一片生存的净土。  相似文献   

9.
<正>西班牙,这个号称"出产阳光和海滩"的国家,是个享誉全球的旅游大国。截至2018年7月4日第42届世界遗产大会闭幕,西班牙共计拥有47项世界遗产,名列世界第3位。西班牙丰富的旅游资源,深厚的文化底蕴,以及热情的舞蹈,就像一个強大的磁场,吸引着世界游客频繁往来。建在云端的龙达小镇吃过早饭,我们从塞维利亚出发,前往西班牙安达卢西亚的龙达小镇参观。龙达小镇有3000多年的悠久历史。早在罗马帝国时代,一批旅人风尘仆仆地爬上这座750公尺的悬崖峭壁,发现这里地势险要,风景秀丽,河流丰沛,于是安营扎寨,建造出第一座房子。这白  相似文献   

10.
<正>在马来西亚沙巴州西南海岸的红树林保护区,居住着一种珍贵的灵长类野生动物——长鼻猴(proboscis monkey)。长鼻猴有着大得出奇的长鼻子,目前只有在马来西亚婆罗洲的沙巴、沙劳越等地的红树林中才能看到,属于世界濒危动物,也是马来西亚的国宝。  相似文献   

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13.
Nationalism and Communism in East Asia, by W. Macmahon Ball (Melbourne University Press, 1952. 25s.).  相似文献   

14.
<正>"每个人心底或许都有一片孤独而自由的大海,我们往往在深夜,独自潜入其中,有时又因为潜入得太深,而思念陆地上的灯火。大多数人一生都在这两者间穿梭。"——电影《碧海蓝天》2018年,第90届奥斯卡金像奖选出了最佳影片——《水形物语》,影片讲述了人与水中生物的一段奇缘。人类对海洋的向往,从古至今,颇有几分愈演愈烈的趋势。古希腊神话中海神波塞冬掌握着海洋的力量,北欧神话中的尼约  相似文献   

15.
<正>拍摄蝴蝶"对称"之美,是蝴蝶摄影中的一种挑战。一是机会可遇不可求,"蜂团蝶阵乱纷纷",当你与群蝶相遇,它们如天女散花般毫无秩序,又似小河流水一样,形成一种动态的"彩流",常常让你望蝶兴叹,不拍则失去良机,而选择拍摄又仅仅是一种简单的影像记录,难以展现蝴蝶的美、张扬和摄影者的艺术表现力;二是瞬间难把握,当你看到两只  相似文献   

16.
“折柳”作为我国特有的送别习俗起源很早,因为“柳”在我国是“祝福”的象征,也是可以“驱鬼避邪”的“鬼怖木”;柳在中国古人心目中可以起到保护的作用,它既可以保护逝去的亲人的灵魂远行,同样保护活着的亲人路途平安。折柳送别的习俗植根于我国独特的传统文化,与我国古代人民的文化心理密切相关。  相似文献   

17.
<正>绿色海岸如果要用颜色来形容澳大利亚,在我爱人心中,澳洲是绿色的,而在我的脑海里,澳洲是个黄颜色的大陆,这种印象源于电影《荆棘鸟》对我的影响。其实我们两人都没错,沿海的澳洲就是绿色的,令人心旷神怡的翠绿。前一晚我们在寻找住宿的路上先看到了水库保护区的牌子,而且觉得周围生境也不错,原想在这附近找住处,但没能如愿。尽管如此,我们一早还是赶到了这里。在我们停车的住宅区里的花丛中,垂蜜鸟与澳蜜鸟来回穿梭。  相似文献   

18.
《硕鼠》所展示的庶民理想国近于“极真”而远于“极幻”,这种强烈的现实意味起源于农业社会,而由理想者主体的庶民身份所决定.它产生的深层原因是魏国统治者以横征暴敛取代了周初设计的恩顾庶民政策.经济生态平衡的破坏引发了庶民的不满,于是逃往理想的国度便成为庶民的选择.此外,庶民理想国还缘于魏国的国境狭小.局缩于周、秦、晋等大国之间的魏国人民崇敬和向往大国,是国人产生去国离家而前往理想国度的重要因素.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

Osphresiology, though beginning with Aristotle, and the title of a classical monograph from 1819 by Cloquet, has, like the human sense of smell itself, played a relatively modest role, compared to other sensory functions. The anatomical and physiological connections of the nose to the brain proved to be more complex than those of sight, hearing and even touch, and were therefore poorly understood before the second half of the 19th century. Moreover, the close association between smell and taste gave rise to much controversy regarding the respective roles of the first and the fifth cranial nerves. Next, came the unfolding of the evolutionary influence of cerebral structure and function ‐ viz Broca's “limbic”; concept, and the “olfactory desert”; in the brains of “anosmatic”; animals. Jackson's “uncinate”; seizures featuring olfactory hallucinations brought the hippocampal formation into focus. Finally, there were the clinical manifestations of hyposmia and hyperosmia, from “coryza”;, the common cold, to injury or neoplasms causing hyposmia, as well as some endocrine alterations causing hyperosmia. (And let us not forget Charles Huysman's “Against the Grain”; and Marcel Proust's evocative fragrant madeleine.)  相似文献   

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