Geographical notes

An earlier reference to the term ‘social geography’ than those described by Dunbar (Scot. Geog. Mag., 93 (1977) 15–20) has been identified in a MS. by H. Gougeon dated 1873. The broader circumstances of the movement to reform geography teaching and the secondary school curriculum at the beginning of the IIIrd Republic are described as a necessary context for evaluating the Gougeon MS. An English translation of Gougeon's views of ‘social geography’ is provided, and although his outline provides no more than a sketch of the possible content of social geography several of the traditional topics of this sub‐field are readily recognizable.     

Geographical notes

Small shops are a curious paradox. When small shops are mentioned, the independent retailer is often brought to mind. Yet, many small shops are operated by multiple retailers. Given the multiple expansion, there is a need to understand the roles and problems of the independent small shop in Scotland. Whilst Scotland may be no different in this regard to other parts of the UK and the world, its geography and new Parliament might suggest new solutions. This paper examines the roles and problems of the independent small shop before examining some of the solutions adopted in particular rural areas. A plea for a better understanding of such retail facilities is made.