Performing the Lodge: Masonry, masculinity, and nineteenth-century North American moral geography

Geographies reinforce gender and facilitate gender performativity. In this study of nineteenth-century Masonry, we demonstrate the influence of Masonic Temples in the promotion and performance of ‘Masonic masculinity.’ Masonry, through its design and construction of interior space, its embedded material symbolism and especially the geography of Masonic ritual itself, inculcated morality in prospective and raised Master Masons. Masonic Temple architecture and décor typify Victorian moral environmentalism vis-à-vis the parlor, the Masonic Lodge a domesticated male space where significant numbers of bourgeois men (and women) acted out a particular and peculiar masculine moral geography.     

Seeing Red: Liberalism, Communism, and the Black Struggle for Human Rights

Carol Anderson , Eyes Off the Prize: The United Nations and the African American Struggle for Human Rights, 1944–1955 . New York : Cambridge University Press , 2003 . 290 pp.     

Highland Lodge,Kilkelly, County Mayo: An Autobiographical Sketch

Fragments of neurology can be found in the oldest medical writings in antiquity. Recognizable cerebral localization is seen in Egyptian medical papyri. Most notably, the Edwin Smith papyrus describes hemiplegia after a head injury. Similar echoes can be seen in Homer, the Bible, and the pre-Hippocratic writer Alcmaeon of Croton. While Biblical writers thought that the heart was the seat of the soul, Hippocratic writers located it in the head. Alexandrian anatomists described the nerves, and Galen developed the ventricular theory of cognition whereby mental functions are classified and localized in one of the cerebral ventricles. Medieval scholars, including the early Church Fathers, modified Galenic ventricular theory so as to make it a dynamic model of cognition. Physicians in antiquity subdivided the brain into separate areas and attributed to them different functions, a phenomenon that connects them with modern neurologists.     

Beyond Continents,Colours, and the Cold War: Yugoslavia,Algeria, and the Struggle for Non-Alignment

While historians are paying greater attention to the role of the post-colonial Third World in international affairs, there is a tendency to focus on North–South relations and the discourse of the 1955 Bandung Conference. Relying principally on Yugoslav and Algerian archival sources, this paper re-emphasises the dynamic historicity of ‘Third Worldism’ and the significance of ‘South–South’ connections. It explores the evolution of the Third World movement in the decade following Bandung, when smaller countries and non-state movements exerted greater influence while larger actors, such as India and China, quarrelled. The founding of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) in 1961 represented a victory for smaller actors who took a more provocative and subversive approach to international relations, to the extent that NAM was a means for the weak to wage the cold war on their terms. Over the following half-decade, Non-Alignment supplanted Afro-Asianism as the primary organisational concept for the Third World, confirming that the Third World was a political project with a potentially unbounded membership rather than the expression of a non-Western, non-white identity.     

Colonial Australia,the 1887 Colonial Conference,and the Struggle for Imperial Unity

ABSTRACT

For historians interested in the settler colonial world, one of Professor John Darwin’s most important interventions has been to argue for the reintegration of the dominions into the wider history of the British empire. In re-engaging with the history of Britain’s white settler colonies in North America, Australasia, and South Africa, Darwin’s work has sought to emphasize the place of the dominions in relation to the rise and fall of the British world system, as well as their value as vantage points from which to consider imperial and global history more generally. In this regard, Darwin’s systemic approach has encouraged a more dynamic conception of ‘British world’ history – one deeply embedded in a series of overlapping imperial, regional, and international contexts. This article focuses on a particular moment in imperial history where some of the internal dynamics of the late-Victorian British world system, and the changing place of the settler colonies within it, were brought into sharp relief: the 1887 Colonial Conference. It argues that we might look to the conference as a valuable window onto the impact of Anglo-Australian relations upon the wider struggle for imperial unity in the 1880s.     

The Struggle for Mastery in Cilicia: Turkey,France, and the Ankara Agreement of 1921

Micahel Williams. Deforesting the Earth: From Prehistory to Global Crisis. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2003. Pp. xxvi, 689. $70.00 (US). Reviewed by Paul W. Hirt

Richard P. Hallion. Taking Flight: Inventing the Aerial Age from Antiquity through the First World War. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Pp. xxi, 531. $49.95 (CDN). Reviewed by Robin Higham

A. B. Bosworth. The Legacy of Alexander: Politics, Warfare, and Propaganda under the Successors. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. Pp. xiii, 307. $127.50 (CDN). Reviewed by Waldemar Heckel

Frances Wood. The Silk Road: Two Thousand Tears in the Heart of Asia. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2002. Pp. 270. $29.95 (US) Reviewed by Albert E. Dien

Lisa M. Bitel. Women in Early Medieval Europe, 400–1100. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. xv, 326. $60.00 (US), cloth; $22.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by John J. Contreni

Victor Lieberman. Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c.800–1830: I: Integration on the Mainland. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Pp. xxiii, 484. $24.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by Nicholas Tabling

Alan Knight. Mexico: From the Beginning to the Spanish Conquest. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. xix, 254. $60.00 (US); Alan Knight. Mexico: The Colonial Era. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. xix, 353. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by Eric van Young

Debra Higgs Strickland. Saracens, Demons, and Jews: Making Monsters in Medieval Art. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2003. Pp. 336. $60.00 (US). Reviewed by David Williams

Perez Zagorin. HOW the Idea of Religious Toleration Came to the West. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2003. Pp. xvi, 371. $29.95 (US) Reviewed by John Christian Laursen

Amnon Linder. Raising Arms: Liturgy in the Struggle to Liberate Jerusalem in the Late Middle Ages. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2003. Pp. xx, 423. €90.00. Reviewed by Christoph T. Maier

Brenda Bolton and Anne J. Duggan, eds. Adrian IV The English Pope (1154–1159): Studies and Texts. Aldershot and Burlington: Ashgate, 2003. Pp. xv, 343. $84.95 (US). Reviewed by James M. Powell

Róbert Simon. Ibn Khaldün: History as Science and the Patrimonial Empire, trans. Klára Pogátsa. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2002; dist. Pordand: ISBS. Pp. 217. $57.00 (US). Reviewed by Michael Brett

John F. Richards. The Unending Frontier: An Environmental History of the Early Modern World. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2003. Pp. xiv, 682. $75.00 (US). Reviewed by Michael Williams

Jos Gommans. Mughal Warfare: Indian Frontiers and High Roads to Empire, 1500–1700. London and New York: Roudedge, 2002. Pp. xv, 268. $27.95 (US); paper. Reviewed by Stephen F. Dale

David A. Lupher. Romans in a New World: Classical Models in Sixteenth-Century Spanish America. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003. Pp. vi, 440. $59.50 (US). Reviewed by Arthur M. Eckstein

Matthew Restall. Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Pp. xix, 218. $48.00 (CDN). Reviewed by Ida Altman

Horst Pietschmann, ed. Atlantic History: History of the Atlantic System, 1580–1830. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck is Ruprecht, 2002. Pp. 556. €86.00. Reviewed by Ian K. Steele

H. V. Bowen, Margarette Lincoln, and Nigel Rigby, eds. The Worlds of the East India Company. Woodbridge, UK and Rochester, NY: Boydell Press, 2002. Pp. xiii, 246. $75.00 (US). Reviewed by Jon E. Wilson

David Ormrod. The Rise of Commercial Empires: England and the Netherlands in the Age of Mercantilism, 1650–1770. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Pp. xvii, 400. $75.00 (US). Reviewed by H. T. Dickinson

David S. Landes. The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present, 2nd ed. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Pp. xii, 576. $27.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by Rick Szostak

Patrice Higonnet. Paris: Capital of the World, trans. Arthur Goldhammer. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2002. Pp. 493. $35.00 (US). Reviewed by Donald Reid

Michael Rowe, ed. Collaboration and Resistance in Napoleonic Europe: State-Formation in an Age of Upheaval, c.1800–1815. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. Pp. xii, 254. $72.00 (US). Reviewed by Philip G. Dwyer

Purnima Bose. Organizing Empire: Individualism, Collective Agency, and India. Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 2003. Pp. xi, 278. $22.95 (US) paper. Reviewed by Thomas R. Metcalf

Dierk Walter. Preufiische Heeresreformen, 1807–1870: Militärische Innovation und der Mythos der ‘Roonschen Reform’. Paderborn: Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, 2003. Pp. 654. €88.00. Reviewed by Gunther E. Rothenberg

Brian E. Vick. Defining Germany: The 1848 Frankfurt Parliamentarians and National Identity. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2002. Pp. x, 283. $49.96 (US). Reviewed by Helmut Walser Smith

James A. Jones. Industrial Labor in the Colonial World: Workers of the Chemin de Fer Dakar-Niger, 1881–1963. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 2002. Pp. xxiii, 154. $59.95 (US). Reviewed by Martin Klein

Irmin Schneider. Die deutsche Ruplandpolitik, 1890–1900. Paderborn: Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, 2003. Pp. 344. €38.00, paper. Reviewed by David Wetzel

S. C. M. Paine. The Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895: Perceptions, Power, and Primacy. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Pp. xi, 412. $55.00 (US). Reviewed by David Curtis Wright

Greg Cuthbertson, Albert Grundungh, and Mary-Lynn Suttie, eds. Writing a Wider War: Rethinking Gender, Race, and Identity in the South African War, 1899–1902. Athens: Ohio University Press; Cape Town: David Philip Publishers, 2002. Pp. xix, 345. $24.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Martin Legassick

Robert B. Bruce. A Fraternity of Arms: America and France in the Great War. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2003. Pp. xx, 380. $39.95 (US). Reviewed by Mitchell Yockelson

Eric Lohr. Nationalizing the Russian Empire: The Campaign against Enemy Aliens during World War I. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2003. Pp. xi, 237. $45.00 (US). Reviewed by Norman E. Saul

Tammy M. Proctor. Female Intelligence: Women and Espionage in the First World War. New York and London: New York University Press, 2003. Pp. xvi, 204. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by Hew Strachan

Alfred W. Crosby. America's Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918,2nd ed. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Pp. xiv, 337. $60.00 (US), cloth; $22.00 (US), paper; Howard Phillips and David Killingray, eds. The Spanish Influenza Pandemic of 1918–19: New Perspectives. London and New York: Routledge, 2003. Pp. xxi, 357. $100.00 (US). Reviewed by Linda Bryder

Kais M. Firro. Inventing Lebanon: Nationalism and the State under the Mandate. London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 2003; dist. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Pp. 274. $59.50 (US). Reviewed by James A. Reilly

Kathleen Hayes, ed. and trans. The Journalism of Milena Jesenska: A Critical Voice in Interwar Central Europe. New York and Oxford: Berghahn, 2003. Pp. vi, 323. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by Igor Lukes

Silvio Pons. Stalin and the Inevitable War, 1936–1941. London and New York: Frank Cass, 2002. Pp. xvi, 240. $62.50 (US); Steven Merritt Miner. Stalin's Holy War: Religion, Nationalism, and Alliance Politics, 1941–1945. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 2003; dist. Toronto: SBS. Pp. xix, 407. $90.75 (CDN). Reviewed by Gabriel Gorodetsky

Francine McKenzie. Redefining the Bonds of Commonwealth, 1930–1948: The Politics of Preference. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave, 2002. Pp. xii, 351. $72.00 (US). Reviewed by Catherine R. Schenk

Eunan O'Halpin, ed. Mis and Ireland, 1939–1945: The Official History. Dublin and Pordand: Irish Academic Press, 2003. Pp. xiv, 130. $26.50 (US), paper; Mark M. Hull. Irish Secrets: German Espionage in Ireland, 1939–1945. Dublin and Portland: Irish Academic Press, 2003. Pp. xx, 383. $59.50 (US). Reviewed by WILLIAM Sheridan Allen

Kathleen E. R. Smith. God Bless America: Tin Pan Alley Goes to War. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2003. Pp. xiii, 274. $45.00 (US). Reviewed by John W. Jeffries

Nick Smart. British Strategy and Politics during the Phony War: Before the Balloon Went Up. Westport: Praeger, 2003. Pp. 267. $67.95 (US) Reviewed by David Dutton

W. A. B. Douglas, Roger Sarty, Michael Whitby, with Robert H. Caldwell, William Johnston, and William G. P. Rawling. No Higher Purpose: The Official Operational History of the Royal Canadian Navy in the Second World War, 1939–1943: II: Parti. St Catharines: Vanwell Publishing, 2002. Pp. xix, 664. $60.00 (CDN). Reviewed by Geoffrey Till

Omer Bartov. Germany's War and the Holocaust: Disputed Histories. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2003. Pp. xxi, 248. $18.95 (US)> paper; Fritz Kieffer. Judenverfolgung in Deutschland - eine innere Angelegenheit? Internationale Reaktionen aufdie Fluchtlingsproblematik, 1933–1939. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2002. Pp. 520. €100.00. Reviewed by Robert Edwin Herzstein

Petra Goedde. GIS and Germans: Culture, Gender, and Foreign Relations, 1945–1949. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2003. Pp. xxiii, 280. $35.00 (US). Reviewed by Thomas Borstelmann

David M. Glantz. The Soviet Strategic Offensive in Manchuria, 1945: ‘August Storm’. London and New York: Frank Cass, 2003. Pp. xxviii, 451. $59.50 (US); David M. Glantz. Soviet Operational and Tactical Combat in Manchuria, 1945: ‘August Storm’. London and New York: Frank Cass, 2003. Pp. xvi, 368. $59.50 (US). Reviewed by Dale R. Herspring

Steven E. Phillips. Between Assimilation and Independence: The Taiwanese Encounter Nationalist China, 1945–1950. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003. Pp. xiii, 256. $55.00 (US). Reviewed by Ralph N. Clough

Independent Commission Of Experts Switzerland - Second World War. Switzerland, National Socialism, and the Second World War: Final Report. Zurich: Pendo, 2002. Pp. 597. €29.90. Reviewed by Jean-Christian Lambelet

D. Clayton Brown. Globalization and America since 1945. Wilmington: Scholarly Resources, 2003. Pp. xxi, 166. $19.95 (US) paper; Alfred E. Eckes, Jr. and Thomas W. Zeiler. Globalization and the American Century. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Pp. 343. $65.00 (US); $22.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by Warren I. Cohen

William Johnston. A War of Patrols: Canadian Army Operations in Korea. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2003. Pp. xx, 426. $45.00 (CDN). Reviewed by Jeffrey Grey

Peter Busch. All the Way with JFK?: Britain, the US, and the Vietnam War. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Pp. xii, 240. $90.00 (CDN). Reviewed by Andrew Preston

Thomas Alan Schwartz. Lyndon Johnson and Europe: In the Shadow of Vietnam. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2003. Pp. 339. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by George C. Herring

Peter S. Li. Destination Canada: Immigration Debates and Issues. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Pp. xi, 228. $29.95 (CDN) paper. Reviewed by Patricia E. Roy

Heidrun Friese, ed. Identities: Time, Difference, and Boundaries. New York: Berghahn, 2002. Pp. xiv, 273. $27.50 (US), paper. Reviewed by John R. Gillis

Lex Heerma van Voss and Marcel van Der Linden, eds. Class and Other Identities: Gender, Religion, and Ethnicity in the Writing of European Labour History. New York: Berghahn, 2002. Pp. vi, 250. $69.95 (US), cloth; $25.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by Neville Kirk

Joseph E. Stiglitz. The Roaring Nineties: A New History of the World's Most Prosperous Decade. New York and London: W. W. Norton, 2003. Pp. xxxiv, 379. $25.95 (US). Reviewed by Barry Eichengreen

Vesna Danilovic. When the Stakes are High: Deterrence and Conflict among Major Powers. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2002. Pp. xv, 294. $52.50 (US). Reviewed by Randall L. Schweller

Gammer, Moshe, ed., with Joseph Kostiner and Moshe Shemesh. Political Thought and Political History: Studies in Memory ofElie Kedourie. London and New York: Frank Cass, 2003. Pp. x, 186. $49.50 (US). Reviewed by Raphael Israeli