The Material Culture Registry at Tell El-Hesi

Abstract

The Material Culture Registry described below is presently being used by the Joint Expedition to Tell el-Hesi to record all excavated material except ceramics. The Registry is designed to give those involved in the field analysis of material a maximum amount of information about the excavated context of any given sample and to return the results of analysis to excavators quickly and in good order. The system has been found useful both in developing excavation strategy and in preparing material for final publication.     

The Location of Medieval/Pre-Modern and Biblical Ziklag

Abstract

Most modern attempts to identify biblical Ziklag build on the pioneering work of Edward Robinson. Analysis of the medieval and pre-modern observations made by Father Felix Fabri, in Evagatorium in Terræ Sanctæ, Arabiæ et Egypti Peregrinationem and Sionpilger, and Eugène Roger, in La Terre Sainte, provide support for the identification of biblical Ziklag with Tell esh-Shari'ah (Tel Sera') during these periods. Such a medieval and pre-modern identification provides support for this same modern identification of biblical Ziklag and militates against competing identifications with Tell el-Hesi (Tel Hasi), Khirbet Meshash (Tel Masos), Tell es-Seba' (Tel Beer-Sheva), and Tell Khuweilifeh (Tel Halif).     

The Tell Abu Duwari Project, 1988–1990

Abstract

The second (1988–1989) and third (1990) seasons of excavation and survey at the 2nd-millennium B.C. urban site of Tell Abu Duwari (ancient Mashkan-shapir), Iraq, have yielded important new evidence on the organization of ancient Mesopotamian cities. A combination of aerial and surface survey has provided a broad overview of the differing functional areas, and of the role played by canals, streets, and walls to divide the city. Excavations consisted of both small soundings and one broad horizontal exposure. The soundings were designed to test the relationship between surface traces and the remains beneath the ground, and the larger excavation generated an artifactual, faunal, and floral inventory from an administrative district which will be compared with similar collections excavated in other parts of the city in future seasons.     

Temporary site protection for earthen walls and murals at Çata1höyük,Turkey

Abstract

The exposure of earthen architecture at archaeological sites presents tremendous difficulties both during and after excavation. While it is the intent of most reburial programmes to stabilize exposed structures against the long-term effects of loss of pressure and fluctuations in moisture, relative humidity and temperature, reburial does not easily afford practical protection against immediate damage caused during excavation. At the Neolithic site of Çata1höyük in Anatolia, Turkey, a phased programme to integrate the excavation and conservation of the site was developed. This included emergency stabilization and protection of the mud brick walls, plasters, mural paintings and relief sculpture, both during and between excavation seasons. One component of this programme included the development of a temporary perlite-vermiculite protection system.     

The Capture and Curation of the Cannibal ‘Vendovi’: Reality and Representation of a Pacific Frontier

ABSTRACT

The United States Exploring Expedition into the Pacific launched in 1838 was marked, like the continental expansion westward, by violent encounters with Native peoples. By examining the record of the expedition's kidnapping of the Fijian Ro Veidovi, the fate of his body after death, and the ways his story came to be invoked in the official narrative of the expedition, the popular press, the ‘National Gallery’ and, more recently, the Fijian press, this paper demonstrates how violent contacts on the Pacific frontier were remembered, effaced, and reconceived. The changing story of Ro Veidovi permanently bridged distant locales in an emerging ‘Pacific World’, setting in motion transcultural negotiations that continue to this day.     

Excavations at Balakot,Pakistan, 1973

Abstract

During the winter of 1973–74 preliminary excavations were conducted at the ancient coastal site of Balakot in Sanmiani Bay, Pakistan. Two periods are represented at the site. Period B, capping the mound, represents the Mature Indus (Harappan) period, the earliest urban period of South Asia. Balakot is one of five known coastal sites of the Indus Civilization. It is hoped that evidence will be discovered in subsequent seasons bearing on the question of the assumed sea trade contacts between the Indus and the Persian Gulf and Mesopotamia in the centuries just before and after 2000 B.C.

Period A at Balakot is designated as Early Indus. The more than 6 m. of occupational debris resting on sterile soil represent the developmental stages leading directly into the earliest civilization of South Asia. The Early Indus sequence at Balakot contains ceramic elements related to many of the so-called “painted pottery cultures” of Baluchistan and the southern Indus Valley. The proposed series of extensive excavations at the site should provide a sound chronological and cultural framework within which any of these presently isolated cultural traditions can be studied.

This report describes the location and potential importance of the site. The most significant findings of the first season's work are presented.     

February 20th, 1907

A SINGER AND HER SONGS. ALMEIDA RIDDLE'S BOOK OF BALLADS. Edited by ROGER D. ABRAHAMS. Musical Editor, George Foss. Louisiana State University Press, Baton Rouge, 1970. Pp. 191. $8.50. Reviewed by Maud Karpeles.

THE STUDY OF GAMES. By E. AVEDON AND B. SUTTON-SMITH. Wiley (New York) 1971. Pp. 530. n.p. Reviewed by A. W. Smith.

FOLCLORUL. OBIECT, PRINCIPII, METOD?, CATEGORII. By GHEORGHE VRABIE. Editor: Roumanian Academy of Sciences. Bucharest, 1970. Pp. 327. Price: 32.-Lei. Reviewed by Béla Gunda.

OVAMBO PROVERBS WITH AFRICAN PARALLELS. By MATTI KUUSI. FF Communications No. 208. Academia Scientiarum Fennica. Helsinki, 1970. Pp. 356. Price 35.-mk. Reviewed by Bela Gunda.

STUDIES IN CHINESE FOLKLORE AND RELATED ESSAYS. By WOLFRAM EBERHARD. Indiana Research Center For the Language Sciences, Bloomington. Mouton and Co., The Hague, The Netherlands. (No price indicated). Reviewed by W. H. Hudspeth.

CLOUD-WALKING. By MARIE CAMPBELL. Indiana University Press. Bloomington and London, 1971. Reviewed by K. M. Briggs.

FRIEDRICH RANKE, KLEINERE SCHRIFTEN. Ed. by H. Rupp &; E. Studer. Bibliotheca Germanica. Bern (Francke Verlag) 1971. Pp. 444, 1 plate. Reviewed by Ellen Ettlinger.

KONTAKTE UND GRENZEN, PROBLEME DER VOLKS-, KULTER- UND SOZIALFORSCHUNG. Festschrift für Gerhard Heilfurth zum 60. Geburtstag. Ed. by his colleagues. Göttingen (Verlag Otto Schwartz &; Co.) 1969. Pp. xviii, 566. 81 photographs, 66 text illustrations, 1 map. Ellen Ettlinger.

A GAZETTEER OF BRITISH GHOSTS. By PETER UNDERWOOD. Souvenir Press. £2. Reviewed by Katharine M. Briggs.

THE EVIL EYE: THE ORIGINS &; PRACTICES OF SUPERSTITION. By F. T. ELWORTHY. With an Introduction by Louis S. Barron. Collier Books, 1970. Pp. 471. $2.95. Reviewed by Theo Brown.

SELECTED LEGENDS OF LEICESTERSHIRE. By SUSAN E. GREEN. Illustrations by Donald E. Green. Leicester Research Services. 1971. Pp. 39. 30p. Reviewed by Theo Brown.

WHAT WITCHES Do: THE MODERN COVEN REVEALED. BY STEWART FARRAR. Pp. 210, 22 photographs, 13 Text figs. Peter Davies Ltd., London, 1971. £2.50. Reviewed by C. A. Burland.

GAMLE NORSKE FOLKEVISER. By SOPHUS BUGGE. Norsk Folkeminnelags Skrifter no. 106. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, 1971. Pp. 155. Reviewed by Jacqueline Simpson.

MEXICAN TALES and LEGENDS FROM LOS ALTOS. Introduction, classification, and notes by STANLEY L. ROBE. Folklore Studies 20. Berkeley, University of California Press, 1970. Pp. 578, 6 plates. Reviewed by Ellen Ettlinger.

VOLKSKULTUR UND GESCHICHTE, FESTGABE FÜR JOSEF DÜNNINGER ZUM 65. GEBURTSTAG. Edited by D. HARMENING, G. LUTZ, B. SCHEMMEL &; E. WIMMER. Berlin (Erich Schmidt Verlag) 1970. Pp. xix, 694. Plates 11, 3 text illustrations and 6 maps. Reviewed by Ellen Ettlinger.     

Report on the pottery from Tell Sufan in Nablus,Palestine

ABSTRACT

This research report aims to give detailed information on the pottery from the 1999 and 2013-16 excavation campaigns taking place at the Tell Sufan site in Nablus, Palestine. These were conducted by the Department of Antiquities at An-Najah National University (ANU) in Nablus. It is of note that this ancient pottery has never previously been the subject of research nor has any literature been published on it. Our methodology consists in: analysing the pottery by identifying it, typifying it, and giving it a function; providing chronological information on the site; comparison of the pottery with that from other sites in Palestine, using archaeological information from the site; and contextualising our findings with other historical and archaeological studies. Examination of the functional use of the pottery allows us to demonstrate human activity at the Tell Sufan site, giving information on the most prosperous phases of occupation in regard to economic aspects, through the late Bronze Age, Iron Age and Byzantine-Early Islamic periods.     

Two Pagan Studies: Pater's ‘Denys L'Auxerrois’ and ‘Apollo in Picardy’

AMAPA STORYTELLERS. By STANLEY L. ROBE. — THE KLABAUTERMANN OF THE NORTHERN SEAS. An Analysis of the protective Spirit of Ships and Sailors in the Context of popular Belief, Christian Legend and Indo-European Mythology. By R. J. Buss, Folklore Studies, Vols. 24 and 25. University of California Press, Berkeley. 1972, 1973. Pp. xiv, 108, 1 plate; pp. x, 138. Reviewed by Ellen Ettlinger.

FOLKLORE AND THE SEA. By HORACE BECK. Published for the Marine Historical Association, Incorporated, by Western University Press, Middletown, Connecticut, 1973. Pp. 463, 21 plates. Reviewed by J. D. A. WIDDOWSON.

BALTIC LITERATURE AND LINGUISTICS. Edited by A. ZIEDONIS, J. PUHVEL, R. SILBAJORIS and M. VALGEMÄE. Publications of the Association for the Advancement of Baltic Studies, 4. The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. 1973. Pp. 252. Reviewed by H. R. Ellis Davidson.

HAMLET'S MILL. By GIORGIO DE SANTILLANA and HERTHA VON DECHEND. Gambit Inc., Boston, 1969. Pp. 506, 1 plate and 40 illustrations and diagrams. $10.00. Reviewed by H. R. ELLIS DAVIDSON.

BÄUERLICHE DENKWEISE IN WIRTSCHAFT UND HAUSHALT. Eine ethnographische Untersuchung über das ungarische Dorf Atány. By E. FÉL and T. HOFER. Verlag Otto Schwartz &; Co, Göttingen, 1972. Pp. xviii, 551. Plates 139, 63 text ill. and II statistical tabulations. Reviewed by Ellen Ettlinger.

DIE JENSEITSBRÜCKE IM MITTELALTER. By PETER DINZELBACHER. Disserationen der Universität Wien vol. 104. Verband der wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaften Österreichs, Vienna, 1973. Pp. 258. Reviewed by Ellen Ettlinger.

DIE GABEN DER BRAUT BEI DEN FINNEN UND ESTEN. Vol. I–II. By MAIJA-LIISA HEIKINMÄKI. Kansatieteellinen Arkisto, Nr. 21, 22. Helsinki, 1970, 1971. Pp. 268, 163. Reviewed by BÉLA GUNDA.     

The Franchthi Cave Flint Survey: Some Preliminary Results (1974)

Abstract

Six seasons of excavation have been conducted at Franchthi Cave, a large prehistoric site in southern Greece which has given evidence of essentially continuous human occupation from ca. 20,000 B.C. to ca. 3000 B.C. (in radiocarbon years). A detailed survey of the raw materials used in the local chipped stone industries was initiated in 1973 and is being carried out by one of the authors (DMVH). The objectives of this survey include the identification of the types and the distribution of locally available raw materials with the hope that this information will contribute further to our understanding of the human ecology of the site and its environs. A summary of some of our preliminary observations resulting from a modification of original sampling procedures will be given in the following paragraphs.     

News and Short Contributions

Abstract

Temporal and spatial patterns of faunal, floral, and ceramic deposition reveal several aspects of household and village economy at Tell el-Hayyat, Jordan. Hayyat was a modest farming hamlet (0.5 ha) with 100–150 inhabitants, which was occupied in six major phases between ca. 2100 and 1500 B.C. This timespan covers the entire Middle Bronze Age, commonly considered the heyday of early urbanism in the southern Levant. Ethnographic and ancient historical exa1nples of agrarian villages in SW Asia include settlements administered by crown or temple estates, held as private property by elite families or absentee landlords, or owned collectively by resident villagers. Data drawn from Tell el-Hayyat Phases 5,4, and 3 (dating to Middle Bronze IIA and IIB) suggest some changes toward a commercially-oriented rural economy, as might be anticipated for villages held by institutional or private estates. Most of the Hayyat data, however, suggest trends toward enhanced economic autonomy, as expected for a collectively owned community. Tell el-Hayyat exemplifies the economic resilience of Levantine villages in the face of developing Middle Bronze Age town and city life.     

Carto‐bibliography on the Web: Links Combining Text and Image

Wolfgang Scharfe, Abriss der Kartographie Brandenburgs, 1771–1821. Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission zu Berlin, de Gruyter Verlag, vol. 35, 1972. pp. 357, 27 maps, appendix with indexes. DM. 84.

H. Sigurdsson, Kortasaga Islands. Reykjavik, 1971. pp. 278, 69 × 42 cm. $ 55.

N. J. W. Thrower, Maps and man. An éxamination of cartography in relation to culture and civilization. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice Hall, Inc., 1972. pp. vii + 184.

L. Stegena, Maps of Hungary by Lazarus Secretarius. Budapest, the Department of Cartography, Roland Eötvös University, 1971. 5 plates, 63 × 48 cm.

W. P. Cumming, R. A. Skelton, and D. B. Quinn, The discovery of North America. London, Elek Books Ltd., 1971. pp. 304, 362 ill. £ 10.

C. Koeman, Atlantes Neerlandici. Volume 4, Celestial and maritime atlases and pilot books. Amsterdam, Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, 1970. pp. xlvi + 519, with plates.

A. Schäfer and H. Weber, Inventar der handgezeichneten Karten und Pläne zur europäischen Kriegsgeschichte des 16.‐19. Jahrhunderts im Generallandesarchiv Karlsruhe. Stuttgart, 1971. pp. 350, 8 illustrations. DM 48.

G. Grosjean and M. Cavelti, 500 Jahre schweizer Landkarten. Zürich, Orell Füssli Verlag, 1971. 30 map‐facsimiles, 48.5 × 50 cm., with text, in slip‐case, Sfr. 260.

Capitão‐de‐fragata Max Justo Guedes, Anônimo ‐ Antônio Sanches, c. 1633. Rio de Janeiro, Biblio‐teca Nacional, 1970. pp. 25, 1 coloured and folded map, 37 × 27 cm., monograph.

J. Cortesão, Historia do Brasil nos velhos mapas. Brazilian Foreign Ministry, 2 vols., 1965–1971.

National Maritime Museum, Catalogue of the Library. Volume 3, Parts 1 and 2, Atlases and cartography. London, H.M.S.O., 1971, 2 vols. pp. 1166. £ 14 (for two parts).

E. W. Gilbert, British pioneers in geography. Newton Abbott, Devon. 1972. pp. 271. £ 3.95.

Wilcomb E. Washburn (Editor), Proceedings of the Vinland Map Conference. Chicago, 1971. ('Studies in the history of discoveries’, Monograph Series of the Society for the History of Discoveries.) pp. xvii + 185, illustrations. $ 10.

C. Sanz, Ciento noventa mapas antiguos del mundo de los siglos 1 al 18 que forman parte del proceso cartografico mundial. Madrid. 1970. pp. 150, 190 plates.     

An Unpublished Scottish Lullaby

DEUTSCHE VOLKSSAGEN. Herausgegeben von Leander Petzoldt, Munich. 1970. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung. Pp. 491, with 20 woodcuts and 5 maps. DM 24. Reviewed by Ruth Michaelis-Jena.

THRICE TOLD TALES. Folktales from Three Continents. Edited by KENNETH S. GOLDSTEIN AND DAN BEN AMOS. Privately Published by the Hammermill Paper Company, Lock Haven, Pennsylvania. 1970. Reviewed by K. M. Briggs.

JUMP ROPE GAMES. By ROGER D. ABRAHAMS. Published for the American Folklore Society. University of Texas Press. 1970. £3.10. Reviewed by F. Mary Wilson.

SVANGERSKAP OG FØDSEL I NYERE NORSK TRADISJON. By LILY WEISERAALL, Oslo, Norsk Folkemuseum, 1968. Pp. xiv, 303, 1 plate &; 2 text ills. Reviewed by Ellen Ettlinger.

FORSCHUNGEN ZUR FACHPROSA. AUGSEWÄHLTE BEITRÄGE. By GERHARD EIS. Bern (Francke Verlag) 1971. Pp. 438,6 plates &; 7 text ills. Reviewed by Ellen Ettlinger.

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF ORAL TRADITION. Edited by PIERRE MARANDA AND KÖNGÄS MARANDA. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1971. $20.00. pp.324. Reviewed by E. O. James.     

Imaging Radar and Archaeological Survey: An Example from the Gobi Desert of Southern Mongolia

Abstract

The application of spaceborne imaging radar data to archaeological survey in arid regions was investigated at a study area in the Gobi Desert of southern Mongolia. A repertoire of computer enhancement regimens specific to archaeological applications was applied to RADARSAT imagery of the study area to reduce noise, detect lineaments, or otherwise enhance the data. The imagery was then georectified and integrated into a large area mosaic, creating detailed multi-layered image-maps that were used to direct ground exploration. During two field seasons with the Joint Mongolian-Russian-American Archaeological Expedition (JMRAAE) in 1997 and 1998, precise latitude/longitude information was obtained with Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) devices, establishing Ground Control Points with which to further georectify the image-maps. Both navigation and archaeological site selection were enhanced by hydrologic and topographic information in these satellite image-maps. The JMRAAE field team successfully located Palaeolithic cultural artifacts showing little or no surface expression, most often in association with ancient watercourses. The team was able to navigate accurately through the extreme desert terrain using the image-maps and GPS in this otherwise only minimally mapped area, thereby facilitating detailed archaeological reconnaissance and survey.     

New research and findings from Tell Sufan

Abstract

The article reviews archaeological surveys and excavations in the area of the Wadi Faynan, together with various dating proposals. In particular, the results so far published of the San Diego expedition under Thomas Levy and of the possible connection between Iron Age copper mining and the biblical King Solomon are considered, along with the necessity of utilizing evaluation of the material remains by conventional archaeological means (stratigraphy, ceramic typology) alongside laboratory analysis, and not the latter alone.     

Monastic diet in Late Antique Egypt: zooarchaeological finds from Kom el-Nana and Tell el-Amarna,Middle Egypt

Abstract

Contemporary literature suggests that meat and fish were not common fare of monastic communities in Egypt during the Late Antique Period (AD 330 to 642). A sizeable assemblage of fishbone from the Monastery at Kom el-Nana has allowed, in conjunction with other zooarchaeological material, a reappraisal of this assumption. In addition, comparative data from the adjacent Pharaonic site at Tell el-Amarna have highlighted distinct cultural differences in the utilisation of the mammal, bird and especially the fish remains between the sites. The difference in size of the catfish Synodontis schall demonstrates that in contrast to the ancient Egyptians the monks were targeting very small fish, most likely for salting in ceramic vessels.     

The Chevert: A History

The Chevert was built for Napoleon III's navy between 1850 and 1863. It served as a transport to supply French colonies in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its service was primarily in peacetime, never entering into battle. It entered the private merchant service in the early 1870s and in 1875 served William Macleay's scientific expedition to New Guinea, which became known as the Chevert Expedition. It subsequently re-entered the merchant service before being wrecked in a cyclone in 1880. Not yet lost to history, it served as an office and impromptu fortress in Vanuatu: firstly for the English and then for the French. Its final resting place was Port Sandwich, Malekula, Vanuatu. For a relatively small transport ship it attracted many more headlines than its weight might predict.     

An Armada wreck on Fair Isle

Colin Martin has been associated with the excavation of Armada ships for four years. In 1968–9 he took part in Sydney Wignall's Spanish Armada Expedition as archaeologist and deputy leader and since 1968 has carried out research into the Armada campaign, particularly in the fields of ship construction and gunnery. In 1971, he worked as archaeologist and project co-ordinator on the wreck of La Trinidad Valencera in Donegal; and during the same year he became Director of the Maritime Archaeological Institute which has been set up in association with St. Andrew's University .     

Arsur Castle Maritime Installation (1241–1265 CE)*

Abstract

This article provides a detailed review of the early explorations of Tel Burna (Arabic Tell Bornat) from the earliest explorers until the recent excavations led by Itzhaq Shai and Joe Uziel under the auspices of Bar-Ilan University. Beyond offering various possibilities for the identification of the site, this paper's purposes are as follows: first, to serve as a case study on investigation of the early sources associated with the discipline of Historical Geography; second, to provide a detailed history of research related to Tel Burna by examining each major explorer and their respective contributions; third, to compare the recent survey and ongoing excavation to the results of the explorations of the 19th and 20th centuries.