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Cary Karp 《Textile history》2013,44(2):208-223
Textile classification systems differentiate between the looped structures that characterise the present-day crafts of knitting and crochet. Printed sources prior to the early nineteenth century do not make this distinction, labelling fabric of either structure as knitting, thereby obscuring references to what would now be termed crochet. These can be identified in published instructions, nonetheless, with the prescribed use of a single hook being a ready indicator. Although looping does not inherently require tools and some structures can be made with alternative techniques, certain forms of crochet-type looping depend on the design of the hooks used to produce them. The typology of such implements provides a framework for tracing the convergence of the precursors of modern crochet into that craft. 相似文献
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The newly adopted United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization's Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage provides the first universal protection regime for this value archaeological resource. A central difficulty in concluding this Convention was defining underwater cultural heritage. This article considers the development of the definition agreed upon and analyses its utility in providing for a pragmatic and effective protection regime. 相似文献
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James Palmer 《Early Medieval Europe》2007,15(4):402-425
Generations of scholars have looked for evidence of ‘paganism’ in continental sources from the eighth and ninth centuries. This paper surveys some of the key problems in defining and conceptualizing the available literary evidence for such a project. Part one argues for a return to the sources to help escape the intellectual baggage created by discussions of ‘pan‐Germanic paganism’, interpretatio Romana and, more recently, folk practices. From the perspective of the sources’ producers, paganism needs to be understood as a category of difference employed to provide a better definition of Christianity itself. In part two this line of thought is pursued through a brief study of the ways in which classical learning framed not only Carolingian attitudes to paganism, but also related strategies of moralizing. 相似文献
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MARK S. SWEETNAM 《The Journal of religious history》2010,34(2):191-212
This article begins by noting the recent development of scholarly interest in the cultural importance of Dispensationalism. It suggests that this work has been complicated and hindered by our lack of a suitable definition of Dispensationalism. After tracing the difficulties of definition, and considering and rejecting Charles Ryrie's attempt to define Dispensationalism by appeal to three “sine qua non,” an alternative strategy is suggested by considering David Bebbington's very influential definition of Evangelicalism. Following this model, the article posits a five‐point definition of Dispensationalism, highlighting its Evangelicalism, its insistence on the literal interpretation of Scripture, its recognition of stages in God's dealings with humanity, its expectation of the imminent return of Christ to rapture His saints, and its focus on both apocalypticism and millennialism. 相似文献
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Richard English 《European Review of History》1995,2(2):193-200
This article considers problems raised in recent historical scholarship concerning the definition of Irish national identity. Catholicism's growing importance in this identity is shown by comparing the eighteenth century United Irishmen, who combined secular and sectarian republicanism, the romantic nationalism of the nineteenth century Young Ireland movement, and the almost exclusively Catholic Irish Republican Army of this century. However, this Catholic, Gaelic, separatist identity excluded Protestant, non‐Gaelic and unionist Irish people. The author concludes by rejecting the notion of ‘an immemorial Irish nation, unfolding holistically through the centuries’, to stress discontinuities over time and the wider geographical setting of the British Isles. 相似文献
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Brett-Crowther MR 《The mankind quarterly》1986,27(1):3-43
The links between ethics, medicine and the law cannot readily produce appropriate criteria for human quality questions, largely because ethics are misconstrued where they are not excluded; but also because the science at issue is full of unknowns. The paper surveys issues in eugenics, abortion and euthanasia. 相似文献
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Amy R. Poteete 《Development and change》2009,40(2):281-305
Community‐Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM), once presented as the best way to protect common pool natural resources, now attracts a growing chorus of critiques that either question its underlying assumptions or emphasize problems related to institutional design. These critiques overlook connections between the definition of rights to natural resources and membership in political communities. The potential for competing definitions of political identity and rights across natural resources arises when property rights regimes differ across natural resources and these different systems of rights appeal to alternative definitions of community. In Botswana, the entangling of natural resource policy with identity politics contributed to a partial recentralization of CBNRM in 2007. 相似文献
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Anthony P. Cavender 《Reviews in Anthropology》2013,42(4):383-392
Charles Harrington. Psychological Anthropology and Education: A Delineation of a Field of Inquiry. New York: AMS Press, 1979. xii + 232 pp. Index, annotated bibliography. $15.00. 相似文献
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Clare A. Sammells 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2013,17(2):315-331
The archaeological site of Tiwanaku, Bolivia, is commonly held to be the “Spiritual Capital of the Aymara People.” But negotiating who qualifies as Aymara, and in what contexts, is decidedly more complicated. Local political divisions between residents of the village of Tiahuanacu (who are seen locally as less-Aymara but not as not-Aymara) and residents of the surrounding rural communities (who are considered to be unquestionably Aymara) structure discussions about who has the right to earn income at the Tiwanaku archaeological site, who manages major public events, and who is responsible for the site’s maintenance and security. The situation is complicated further by national-level events such as the Winter Solstice, where urban Aymara travel to Tiwanaku to seek their roots, and Bolivian Presidents and politicians come to participate in national Aymara “culture.” I focus on the intervención (“Intervention”) that took place in Tiahuanacu in August 2000, which resulted in the transfer of management of the Tiwanaku archaeological site from the Bolivian state to local municipal and indigenous authorities. Heritage researchers should take such local divisions into account, rather than assuming that “locals” are politically unified or easily delineated by geographical boundaries. 相似文献
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《Journal of Geography in Higher Education》2012,36(4):415-430
ABSTRACTThis paper presents the results of an analysis of the most important skills and competences that will be important in the coming years for future geographers involved in assessing and managing low-carbon societies. The analysed information was extracted from a questionnaire answered by professionals working in low-carbon management in three European countries (Finland, Poland and Catalonia, Spain). From the results, we have identified not only the most requisite abilities and skills, but also differences between countries on a European scale. Among the findings, we would highlight the general agreement that “soft skills”, as opposed to “hard skills”, are critical for future professionals addressing policies in relation to low carbon societies. 相似文献
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Amanda M. Evans 《Journal of Maritime Archaeology》2007,2(2):83-92
Jamaica sloops were vernacular watercraft designed, built, and utilized by Caribbean colonists beginning in the late-17th
century. Despite their popularity, no design or construction records or even a specific definition of their form survive,
and many sources simply describe them as an early version of the Bermuda sloop. Vernacular Jamaica sloops were a unique adaptation
by English colonists to combat the effects of piracy, and their design was specific to the economic, geographic, and political
circumstances of colonial Jamaica. This article proposes a set of characteristics that can be used to define vernacular Jamaica
sloops, firstly to distinguish them from the eighteenth-century naval Jamaica-class sloops but also to better understand them
as a social response to external stimuli within the complex relationship between maritime economy, piracy and colonial control
executed through the navy. 相似文献
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Paul Teedon 《European Planning Studies》2001,9(4):459-481
In the north part of Southwark in London the local authority has become increasingly keen to promote an unknown area, known as Bankside. The primary focus of this strategy has been on the clear definition of this area as part of central London. Much of this strategy has been based on the precise definition of this area using design-based and architecturally-focussed landmarking, notably facilitated by the decision of the Tate to establish its new Gallery of Modern Art in the area. This it is argued has produced a heavily commodified landscape for (high) cultural consumption. 相似文献
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Sánchez-Romero Laura Benito-Calvo Alfonso Rios-Garaizar Joseba 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2022,29(1):305-333
Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory - Spatial analysis studies in Palaeolithic archaeology arise as indispensable research tools for understanding archaeopalaeontological sites. In general... 相似文献