Bridging GIS Success

This article shares the first-time geographic information system (GIS) experiences of two advanced placement human geography classes. The teacher had participated in a summer GIS workshop and then brought those skills into her classroom for the students' benefit. Eighteen students shared their experiences researching their family history, working to map the migration of their genealogy to the United States, and presenting their findings to their classmates. Researchers were on hand to observe presentations and collected survey data from the students. Overall it was a very successful educational experience in which students utilized a “new” technology in the context of their own lives.     

在意大利 且行且思

<正>进步中的差距此次从意大利回来,还是像往常从国外回来一样,经常会被问起:"我们与他们的差距有多大?"但我却不能像以前那样轻而易举地予以回答,何为进步,不同的人有不同的理解。论汽车,在意大利的主要城市,     

Bridging the old and new worlds

Chester S. Chard. Northeast Asia In Prehistory. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1974. xvi + 214 pp. Tables, illustrations, maps, chapter bibliographies, and index. $12.50 (cloth).     

欧洲整体的历史与整体的阐述——评《欧洲的分与合》

《欧洲的分与合》这部著作具有重大的学术价值：这是中国史学界第一次真正把欧洲作为一个整体来阐述它的历史发展,论证了当代欧洲发生巨变的必然性;标志着中国史学界在欧洲史研究领域取得了突破性进展。《欧洲的分与合》以其对欧洲整体的历史作出整体阐述的风格,超越了以往众多的欧洲史著作。     

子张从政辨

本文对“子张终身未仕”的结论提出了质疑,认为在文献不足征的情况下不能妄下结论。笔者通过考察《论语》及大小戴《礼记》中“子张问政”的条目,发现子张向孔子问政的次数远大于同是问政的子路、子贡、仲弓、子夏,而他们问政都是在已经从政之后的切事而问,这可以推断出子张的问政很可能也是从政后的发问。结合《大戴礼记》中孔子对子张“不弊百姓”的评价,我们可以推断出子张曾经从政,并且孔子对他提出的戒急戒躁的从政建议,也与《论语》中记载的子张性格相吻合。     

Bridging Positivist and Interpretivist Approaches to Qualitative Methods

The usual juxtaposition of qualitative research against quantitative research makes it easy to miss the fact that qualitative research itself encompasses at least two traditions: positivist and interpretivist. Positivist work seeks to identify qualitative data with propositions that can then be tested or identified in other cases, while interpretive work seeks to combine those data into systems of belief whose manifestations are specific to a case. In this paper, I argue that discovering causal relationships is the province of positivist research, while discovering causal mechanisms is the province of interpretivists. I explain why absolutist claims for one or the other approach are mistaken, and argue that the combination of both makes more sense. Finally, I offer suggestions for combinations of positivist and interpretive work, both at the level of thought experiment and in actual data collection and analysis. Throughout, I draw my examples from recent studies of poverty, a field in which a small but distinguished tradition of qualitative studies of the poor has been joined by a growing body of both positivist and interpretive work.     

秦为春秋大国说

古今学者或称春秋之世秦不为强国。其实,秦在春秋之世曾护平王东迁、称雄西戎、助晋称霸、救楚危难,是一个名副其实的大国、强国。究其原因,则是由于其在东周之初得为封诸侯,领有周之故地,取得政治与经济上的优势;同时又凭借其独特的易守难攻之势,全力经营西戎,没有在中原的争霸中无谓地消耗能量;再就是用人得当,用人得力。凡此种种,导致秦成为春秋四强之一。     

The "Return of the Subject" As a Historico-Intellectual Problem

Recently, a call for the “return of the subject” has gained increasing influence. The power of this call is intimately linked to the assumption that there is a necessary connection between “the subject” and politics (and ultimately, history). Without a subject, it is alleged, there can be no agency, and therefore no emancipatory projects—and, thus, no history. This paper discusses the precise epistemological foundations for this claim. It shows that the idea of a necessary link between “the subject” and agency, and therefore between the subject and politics (and history) is only one among many different ones that appeared in the course of the four centuries that modernity spans. It has precise historico‐intellectual premises, ones that cannot be traced back in time before the end of the nineteenth century. Failing to observe the historicity of the notion of the subject, and projecting it as a kind of universal category, results, as we shall see, in serious incongruence and anachronisms. The essay outlines a definite view of intellectual history aimed at recovering the radically contingent nature of conceptual formations, which, it alleges, is the still‐valid core of Foucault's archeological project. Regardless of the inconsistencies in his own archeological endeavors, his archeological approach intended to establish in intellectual history a principle of temporal irreversibility immanent in it. Following his lead, the essay attempts to discern the different meanings the category of the subject has historically acquired, referring them back to the broader epistemic reconfigurations that have occurred in Western thought. This reveals a richness of meanings in this category that are obliterated under the general label of the “modern subject”; at the same time, it illuminates some of the methodological problems that mar current debates on the topic.     

Genetics and African Cattle Domestication

Whether cattle domestication occurred independently on the African continent is among the most controversial questions in the Holocene archaeology of northern Africa. One long-established scenario, based upon early archaeological evidence, suggested that Africa’s earliest cattle derived from several introductions from Southwest Asia through the Nile Valley, or via the Horn of Africa. Based upon archaeofaunal remains retrieved in the late twentieth century, other archaeologists argued that an independent domestication of the African aurochs gave rise to Africa’s earliest domestic cattle. Up to now, the genetic data have also been controversial. This paper reviews the archaeological evidence and the scope of debate, and then focuses on the recent contributions of genetic research to clarifying these issues.     

Caravans As I Know Them

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