"永生"的剪纸贴花——宋代吉州窑的剪纸贴花黑釉茶盏

在宋代的瓷窑中,有两个以烧制黑釉茶盏（碗）而闻名于世的窑口,它们分别是福建的建阳窑和江西的吉州窑。其中,吉州窑以创烧了剪纸贴花及木叶纹黑釉瓷而鹤立瓷坛。     

The Palestinian Uprising,Bread Riots and Arab Democratisation

In most theoretical treatments civil strife and domestic political conflict are interpreted as deconstructive and negative, as exemplified by Gurr 1980, p. 239 . Yet no messengers from Christ to Muhammad , no leaders from Bolivar to Gandhi , and no revolutionaries from Lenin to Mao to Mandela ushered in new orders and ideas without conflict. Whether viewed diachronically or synchronically, humankind's history is the history of conflict. However, domestic conflict is neither always negative, as Dixon and Moon 1989 have shown, nor does it always have only short-term effects, as Bienen and Gersovitz 1986 have assumed. There is ample historical evidence for this in the aforementioned cases. Against the backdrop of domestic conflict these historical figures effected positive and lasting changes. Hence the chief postulate of this essay: domestic political conflict, despite the 'inherent plausibility' of its harmfulness, presents opportunities for positive change with long-term effects. This position is tested using examples of Arab bread riots and the spill-over effect of the Palestinian intifadah uprising . Support for this position is found in the context of the recent wave of Arab democratisations. Although generally guided and controlled, Arab political liberalisations especially that of Sudan, Algeria and Jordan have their roots in pressure from below. Elsewhere as in Tunisia and Egypt , similar pressure helped consolidate, or, at least, place political reform on the agenda of delegitimised ruling elites. When compared with other regions, the Arab Middle East AME can readily be shown to have advanced on the road to democracy, even if such a democracy is yet to presage polyarchal rule. Democracy and democratisation in the AME have almost invariably meant a trend towards 'parliamentariasation' and 'electoralisation'. Between 1985 and 1996 the AME has experienced no less than seventeen multi-party elections, twice more than the entire preceding period since the early 1960s when many Arab countries won independence from colonial rule. While renderings of Arab democracy tend to be either 'exceptionalist' projecting pessimistic scenarios or euphoric equating democracy with the number of polls , they fail to consider the role of domestic political violence in the rise of Arab electoral activities, a vacuum area taken up by this essay.     

Managing Long Distance and Localized Learning in the Emilia Romagna Life Science Cluster

The paper provides some empirical evidence of the effectiveness of the “open innovation” model in the life science cluster of Emilia Romagna (a region of Italy), comparing the network of R&D collaborative activities in public research organizations (PROs) and the network linked to R&D collaborative activities in private firms. By presenting the main results of a field research in the life science sector in Emilia Romagna, we are contributing to the recent debate focused on the crises of the old “closed innovation” model and the rise of the “open innovation” model. Our survey consists of both primary data deriving from face-to-face interviews with researchers and entrepreneurs, and secondary data extracted from the Internet, the PubMed database, and from the European Patent Office. Our work is based on the analysis of a representative sample of 30 research groups in PROs, 2173 scientific articles published by the interviewed scientists, and a representative sample of 78 private firms.     

生命的轮回

<正>春染眉梢大地枯黄草,情涌花尾翘。南山尚残雪,春来染眉梢。擂台叫阵雄鸡一唱天际白,乌篷披身出山寨。激情何惧寒风冷,旷野嘶鸣摆擂台。黑琴鸡,鸡形目,松鸡科,俗称乌鸡、斗鸡。雄鸡通体黑色,形似古琴,故得名黑琴鸡。雄鸡体长约60厘米,雌鸡45厘米。黑琴鸡在多地均有分布,栖息于针叶林、森林草原、草甸、河谷等地,以植     

生命的轮回

正春染眉梢大地枯黄草,情涌花尾翘。南山尚残雪,春来染眉梢。擂台叫阵雄鸡一唱天际白,乌篷披身出山寨。激情何惧寒风冷,旷野嘶鸣摆擂台。黑琴鸡,鸡形目,松鸡科,俗称乌鸡、斗鸡。雄鸡通体黑色,形似古琴,故得名黑琴鸡。雄鸡体长约60厘米,雌鸡45厘米。黑琴鸡在多地均有分布,栖息于针叶林、森林草原、草甸、河谷等地,以植     

Turning Stone into Bread: The Millstone Quarries of Medieval and Post-medieval Ireland

This article has two components; a discussion of an Ireland-wide inventory of millstone quarries and a detailed regional case study in order to study the development of the millstone industry at both micro and macro levels. The first component highlights the use of certain stone types used in Ireland and also uniformity in methods to extract each specific type of bedrock. Factors determining the commercialisation of millstones are also addressed. This is followed by intensive field-based investigation focusing on millstone quarries in Waterford Harbour in the south-east of the country. Research questions concerning geology, transport, typology, what techniques were used to transform a ‘rough-out’ piece, and the role individual quarries and local people played in the overall industrialisation of millstone production are addressed.     

The Long Arm of the Third Reich

Mission histories and autobiographies dealing with the internment of Germans from New Guinea in Australia during World War II remember the shock and hardship of the initial detention and the journey from New Guinea to Australia, stories of funny events and good times in the camps, and the struggle with the Australian bureaucracy to get back to New Guinea. The time of enthusiastic or reluctant commitment to National Socialist leadership and ideology has had hardly any space in personal memories or written history, neither in mission accounts nor in Australian war histories. This article examines the politics of Tatura Camp 1, where most Germans from New Guinea were interned, within the context of wider Australian and German internment policies. The Germans from New Guinea were not cut off from the outside world behind barbed wire, but became entangled in a net of interacting and conflicting agencies. By examining the role of the German Reich and Switzerland, and their interaction with the Australian government, military authorities, and internees, the article shifts away from national histories of internment, which set the interning nation as the central reference point, to transnational histories.     

乾隆皇帝评述

乾隆皇帝自幼便以他杰出的才能,在康熙百余皇孙中脱颖而出,受到重视,登基君临天下,在位期间,勤理国政,颇有作为,锐意创新,加强改革,在“治“武功”方面取得了重要成就,使清王朝达到了鼎盛时期,在中国历史上被称为“康乾盛世”。但是,他也存在着两大致命弱点,导致晚年错误。两大弱点是“自满”和“专制”。     

凌家滩玉器微痕迹的显微观察与研究——中国砣的发现

通过偏光显微镜对凌家滩出土玉器进行显微观察,发现凌家滩玉器用砣的微痕迹,证明距今5300年前,已有了砣机,反映了凌家滩制玉技术高度发达,处于中国新石器时代领先地位。     

“蜂”言“蜂”语说蜂群

<正>近些年,有关蜂子蛰死人的报道屡见不鲜,在这些报道中,甚至用上了"杀人"这样的字眼,以描述其凶狠,可谓"蜂"声鹤唳,谈"蜂"色变。我常年游走于山林之间,寻找那些在都市里难得一见的昆虫,把它们美丽的倩影拍摄下来,这样免不了跟各类蜂群打交道。十几年下来,跟"蜂烟蜂雨"的亲密接触,使我对蜂群的内幕有了进一步的了解,读懂了一些"蜂"言"蜂"语。我也试图,用我捕捉到的画面,去揭开"杀人蜂"神秘的面纱。     

The Art Life of THUBTEN

正Thubten is a household name across Tibet.The career of this81-year-old performing artist has spanned seven decades.Famous Chinese crosstalk comedian,Jiang Kun,once said that where there are people,there is Thubten.Over 100books of work journals are kept on this man's bookshelf,and the"China Performing Art Peony Awards Lifetime     

Life of The Tibetans Today

Thanks to fast economic development in Tibet, the Tibetans now enjoy a better life.     

活跃的北极生命

<正>与南极大陆不同,北极的生命活动非常活跃。有900种显花植物,有成千上万的驯鹿、麝牛、北极兔,每公顷多达1500只的旅鼠。北半球全部鸟类的1/6在北极繁育后代,而且至少有12种鸟类在北极越冬。北半球的2月份,地轴开始倾斜,太阳光线开始逐渐往北攀爬,北极地区也开始从冬天的严寒中苏醒过来,生活在陆地上的捕食者开始走到冰面上寻找食物。     

Bread and Power in the “Land of No Bread” – Low-Carbohydrate Sámi Diet in Transition

Throughout history, conquerors and those in power have assumed control not only of the people and the lands they have occupied but also of their food cultures and dietary habits. Encounters related to food have had undeniable influence on the nutrition, the health, and the environment of populations. The traditional diet of the Sámi living in Finnish Lapland – especially in the Utsjoki parish – was heavily dependent on meat and fish, while the diet of officials and settlers coming from the southern parts of the land was based on bread and other sources of carbohydrates. When officials relocated to Lapland, they often brought along bread, flour, and agricultural tools suitable for cultivating grain. The first task of the teacher of a school established in Utsjoki, the northernmost parish of Finnish Lapland, in the 1740s was to travel to the coast of the Arctic Ocean to buy flour for the school and its boarding pupils – despite the fact that the pupils were probably not accustomed to a diet that included bread. Information on matters such as this has been recorded in many sources consulted by historians, and makes it possible to focus on the role of food and dietary habits as an important part of cultural encounters and exchange. The attitudes of the Sámi towards food indicate that the use of power was not always a one-directional, top-down process. Even the rural communities of the northernmost part of Europe could benefit equally from the international trade connections and the increased choice of goods they brought. The inhabitants of the Sámi region also reflected on their own dietary habits and its shortcomings: the potato became popular in Europe starting in the eighteenth century, and some Sámi also expressed their interest in cultivating potato by the 1820s.     

The Life of Red mdav ba

Red mdav ba was born in a place called Red mdav khab so,near Sa skya Monastery.His father was bKra shis rgyal mtshan,the local minister of Red mdav,and his mother was dBang phyug skyid.His clan descended from the great minister mGar stong btsan Yul srungs,who was the most important minister of the Tupo emperor Srong btsan sgam po.