钱穆的中西史学比较观

中西史学比较研究是钱穆史学思想的重要内容 ,钱氏往往是以此来阐明史学的本质、方法、功用和中国史学精神。其中西史学比较研究主要包括中西史学关于历史中人与事关系的认识、史学的通变观、史学的体例和体裁、史学编纂方法、史学功用、史学发展形式等方面。钱穆的中西史学比较观是建立在他的民族文化生命史观基础上的 ,意在为他的中国史学优越论和中国历史文化优越论提供理论和历史的依据。它既有积极合理性 ,也表现出文化保守性和民族狭隘性。     

清末民初的世界史演义初探

演义体的史学作品作为史学的重要组成部分,在向下层民众传播历史知识的过程中发挥着重要作用。清末以降殆至民初,演义体的史学作品杂然纷陈,其中世界史演义的出现尤为醒目,演义域外新知,启迪下层民众,激发爱国热忱,成为世界史演义作者共同的创作意图。大量世界史演义作品的出现,既是此时期历史演义创作中的重要现象,也成为此时期的演义体史学一个重要特点。     

中国历史地理学的理论体系、学科属性与研究方法

本文总结了有关中国历史地理学理论方面的若干问题 ,认为历史地理学具有区域性、演变性、结构综合性与有用于世的目的性 ,前三点也与构成其研究内容的空间、时间、部门 (专题 )三大要素相对应 ,其理论体系中除了包括历史自然和历史人文地理诸分支外 ,还应包括区域综合历史地理学、历史地理学理论、历史地图学、应用历史地理学。尽管历史地理学界已普遍认为历史地理学应该属于地理科学 ,但实际上其却多作为历史学的专门史而存在着。本文分析了这种理论与实践脱离状态的形成原因 ,并希望经过长期努力 ,把历史地理学建设成为一门独立的综合性学科     

城市历史文化研究中几个理论性问题的刍荛之见

城市之历史文化,是城市发展之重要资源。本文就当前城市历史文化研究中几个重要但研究又较为薄弱的理论问题,即研究城市历史文化的意义与作用、关于历史城市之界定,城市历史文化研究的主要内容进行了阐述,提出了具体见解;以期深入推进城市历史文化之理论性与实证性研究工作。     

抗战时期对西南历史地理的研究

抗战时期,随国民政府还都重庆,大批史地学者和教学科研机构云集西南。他们应西南开发的需要,积极开展西南历史地理的教学、科研工作,并在对西南历史政治地理、西南历史民族地理、西南历史经济地理、西南历史自然地理等方面的研究上取得不同程度的进展。西南历史地理研究的特点主要表现在内容、方法、目的三个方面。     

HISTORICAL UNDERSTANDING AND HISTORICAL INTERPRETATION AS CONTEXTUALIZATION

This article discusses the theoretical problems pertaining to the relationship between historical contextualization and historical understanding and interpretation. On the one hand, there is the view that documents need to be understood in relation to their historical context; on the other, it is not clear how a historian can get out of his or her own historical context in order to be able to engage with the conceptual frameworks, beliefs, or ways of reasoning that are radically different from his or her own. The paper proposes a resolution to this dilemma; its upshot is that historical understanding is constituted by contextualization.     

历史唯物主义的新范畴:创新史观

所谓创新史观,就是用创新的观点去判断历史进步的动力,分析推动历史进步的主体,评价推动历史进步合力中的核心力量、主导力量,进而倡导创新、激励创新、推动创新,以引导社会更快更好更节省更顺利更稳定更和谐地发展。创新史观的提出,是对唯物史观的继承和发展,对于建设中国特色社会主义,对于贯彻科学发展观具有重要意义。     

THINKING HISTORICALLY ABOUT THINKING HISTORICALLY: IS HISTORICAL THEORY A HISTORICAL OR A METAHISTORICAL PRACTICE?

This intimidating and massive collection of twenty‐nine extended, diverse essays by distinguished scholars, organized around the general theme of the current state and future direction of historical theory, raises some fundamental questions about historical theory as practiced over the past half century as well as about the distinctive nature of historical theory within the broader context of the production of historical knowledge. The editors of the volume suggest that the postmodern linguistic turn in historical theory, especially as articulated by Hayden White and Michel Foucault, marked a decisive, epochal turning‐point in human historical self‐consciousness, the attainment of a mature stage of autonomous metahistorical reflection on the essential nature of what it means to be historical, on historicity per se. What came before is imagined as a series of preliminary stages, what came after as a working out of implications and consequences. I suggest that a close reading of the implicit and explicit arguments of the individual essays reveals a rather different kind of historical moment, one in which postmodern historical theory has increasingly been demystified of its alleged metahistorical status, and has emerged as a situated object of historical reflection and thus has itself become increasingly defined as historical, recognized in its particularity as a temporally and culturally framed form of historical knowledge.     

Radiocarbon Dating and the Historical Archaeology of Korea: An Alternative Interpretation of Hongryeonbong Fortress II in the Three Kingdoms Period,Central Korea

Relying heavily upon historical records to build archaeological chronologies, many Korean historical archaeologists question the utility of radiocarbon dating. To challenge this tendency, we test a model based on historical records by analyzing radiocarbon dates. We dated two bulk samples from Hongryeonbong Fortress II, Seoul, South Korea, which is known historically to have been occupied between a.d. 500 and 551. By dividing bulk samples into smaller aliquots, we dated 40 subsamples and statistically estimated consensus dates. The consensus dates do not support expectations of the historical model, as they do not lie within the temporal range provided by historical records. We propose an alternative model that explains both the radiocarbon dates and the historical records. It is suggested that radiocarbon dating can be successfully applied to the reconstruction of historical periods and is a way of mitigating possible biases of models based solely on historical records.     

20世纪中国历史地理研究若干进展

以探讨未来中国历史地理学在国际全球变化与可持续发展研究中的作用为目的, 根据近半个多世纪中国历史地理学的相关研究成果, 对20世纪中国历史地理学研究的若干进展进行了简要回顾。内容涉及: ①历代疆域政区研究与历史地图的编制; ②历史气候与自然灾害研究; ③历史时期地表过程研究; ④中华文明起源与发展研究;⑤区域综合与重大历史事件研究; ⑥历史时期人地关系与适应模式研究; ⑦基础资料的积累与新技术应用等 7 个方面。除上述进展外, 中国历史地理学还建立了一套独具特色的研究方法, 构筑了较为完善的学科体系, 并培养了一代又一代的学术继承人和学科带头人。     

朱熹史学观三题

朱熹提出了以史证理、以理阐史的史学观。一方面 ,他把史学研究作为穷理的一种途径 ,认为史学的价值在于通过对具体史实的了解来把握天理 ;另一方面 ,他又强调史学要以天理为权衡尺度 ,必须要在熟读经书、把握义理之后 ,才能治史。朱熹把史学纳入了理学的轨道。值得注意的是 ,朱熹非常重视史学的社会价值 ,强调治史为当世之用 ,其史学观表现出明显的经世致用的倾向。     

近代以来贵州天主教史料的分布与整理——以笔者五次调查所获资料为据

本文以笔者五次调查所获资料为依据,论述近代以来贵州天主教中外文献史料的分布状况,初步整理贵州天主教史研究资料兼述其学术史,以期立足新史料,细化近代西南民族地区中西文化交流史的研究。     

The Relations Bwetween Geography and History Reconsidered

The ideas of Sauer, Darby, Clark, and Meinig have had a formative influence on the making of modern Anglo–American historical geography. These scholars emphasized the spatial– and place–;focused orientation of geography, contrasting it with history’s concern with time, the past, and change. Historical geography was conceived as combining the spatial interests of geography with the temporal interest of history, creating a field concerned with changing spatial patterns and landscapes. This idea of historical geography avoided issues in the philosophy of history by making the historical geographer a kind of spectator to external changes in the ways things were ordered and arranged on the face of the earth. This “natural history” view of historical geography failed to deal with history conceived as an autonomous mode of understanding in which the scholar’s task is to understand human activity as an embodiment of thought. Historical geography is more adequately conceived as a Collingwoodian–type historical discipline, in which the task of the historical geographer is aimed at rethinking and displaying the thought of historical agents as their actions relate to the physical environment. The traditional subject matter of historical geography is not thereby redefined, but a change in the way geography is seen in its relation to history is necessitated.     

中国家庭史研究刍议

中国家庭史研究存在误区 ,其一是研究对象与婚姻史、家族史错位 ,其二是忽略历史资料中的家庭与实际家庭的区别 ,其三是把复杂多样的家庭简单化 ,最后是认为家庭史研究只研究历史上的家庭。家庭史研究应通家庭的“古今之变” ,理清家庭历史演变的来龙去脉 ,其历史使命是通过了解中国家庭的过去 ,正确地认识现状 ,科学地预见未来 ,从而推进传统家庭向现代家庭转型。     

Conceptions of Reinhart Koselleck's Theory of Historical Time in the Thinking of Michael Oakeshott

In recent years students of politics have begun to recognise Reinhart Koselleck's practice of Begriffsgeschichte, the study of conceptual history, as a useful approach for investigating key concepts in political ideologies and the history of ideas. But his theory of historical time—the temporal dimension to his semantic project and his broader theorising of the historical discipline—is often overlooked and underused as a heuristic device. By placing the thinking of Michael Oakeshott alongside Koselleck's theory of historical time, this article brings his thinking on temporality to the forefront, fashioning a conversation between the two thinkers about the place for history and the formal criteria necessary for ordering the past properly. In doing so, it juxtaposes Koselleck's reflections on historicity and his theory of historical time with Oakeshott's philosophical enquiry on the historical mode of understanding. It identifies important convergences and divergences between the two thinkers' theories, focusing in particular on questions regarding the potential for representing the past as multilayered and plural historical times. The article then suggests that their respective thoughts on the theory of history are in part a reaction to the modern politicisation of historical time and comprise a shared critique of radical political change.     

Some Thoughts on the Subject of Historical Geography

A geographical historical geography, concerned with the history of development of the landscape, is distinguished from the historian's historical geography, dealing with the geography of countries and regions in the past and the history of development of cities and transport routes. The aim of the geographer's approach to historical geography is to characterize changes in the natural environment during historical times, to map landscapes from the point of view of their evolution and to classify and regionalize them on the basis of genetic principles. For this purpose, historical geography is to be distinguished from paleogeography, which should be limited to evolution of the landscape in prehistoric times.     

唐代科举与历史教育

唐代统治者十分重视总结、借鉴历史经验,并自觉地将其运用到治理国家的政治实践中,确立了以经史为主要内容的科举考试制度。唐代科举考试中历史内容十分丰富,极大地促进了历史教育的传播,推动了历史教育的发展,对当前历史教育的开展具有一定的借鉴意义。     

口碑史料厘定

口碑史料是史料的四大类型之一。现代概念上的口碑史学在中国尚未真正建立起来 ,史学界对口碑史料的认识相当模糊。为纠谬补苴 ,使口碑史料与其他类型的史料彻底区别开来 ,笔者主张把口碑史料定义为 :由历史研究者亲自采访得来的、仅供自己使用的口耳相传的史料。它应包括口述回忆、口头传说和专用口语三部分。     

社会史视野下的地方志利用与研究述论

地方志既是历史研究的史料,又是历史研究的对象。在传统史学中,地方志多被视作一种史料,用以重建和解释社会历史进程。方志界始终将地方志作为研究对象,基于当下对方志编纂的关怀,对古代方志亦不乏具有社会史意义的批判。在社会文化史的视野下,地方志被视作一种“文本”,揭示其中暗含的权力、观念、目的和意义,成为相关学者的基本研究取向。通过梳理和述评,可以从社会史的角度,提出进一步拓宽地方志研究的途径。     

试论中国历史文化名城的创建与保护——以山东省泰安市为例

从长远看,创建与保护中国历史文化名城对保护城市风貌、延续城市文化以及发展城市经济都具有重要意义。本文对中国历史文化名城的创建和保护中的几个关系问题进行了阐述探讨,提出历史文化名城的发展必须在保护的基础上发展;发展旅游业必须处理好文物古迹保护和利用之间的关系;城市的建设和发展必须克服长官意志,注重长远利益和整体利益,保护好城市中的文物古迹和历史文化氛围。本文还针对山东省泰安市创建中国历史文化名城过程中的问题和对策进行了剖析。