乾隆五年改铸“青钱”原因初探

清顺治元年(1644)至乾隆五年(1740),清政府规定造黄铜钱流通,其材质是铜锌合金,其中铜的含量或有变化,通常在50-70%之间(实际操作中常不相符合)。乾隆五年,清廷颁行“青钱”,其材质改为铜、锌、铅、锡四元合金。直至乾隆五十九(1794)年止,几乎整个乾隆朝都在铸行“青钱”。改铸“青钱”对清政府来说也是一件大事,其不仅仅意味着铸钱成分、铸钱技术等方面的变化,甚至引起清廷矿业政策的变化,如,铅、锡矿的大量开采;同时,也反映了清前期存在的货币问题,当时货币理论发展水平及政府处理经济问题的能力。但目前对清代货币的研究大多集中在白银问…     

中华民国十八年中外设计的银币

192 7年 4月 1 5日 ,蒋介石在南京召开会议 ,决定定都南京 ,中华民国步入南京国民政府时期 ① 。 1 92 8年 4月 2 7日 ,国民政府通过马寅初“统一国币 ,废两用元”提议② 。 6月 2 0日 ,财政部在上海召开全国经济会议 ,会上确定币制方针 :推行纸币集中主义、推行金汇兑本位③ 。会上重新研究了马寅初“统一国币 ,废两用元”案 ,提出实施办法 1 0条 ,包括 :先定筹备时期为一年 ,积极筹备 ,并决定实施日期为民国十八年七月一日 ,以明令公布 ;上海造币厂应于最短时间内成立 ,半年以内必须开工鼓铸新银元 ,定为国币 ;请国府颁布国币新条例 ,规定…     

红镜头,中国年

<正>春节是中国人最隆重的节日,当中国传统文化以它无可抵御的魅力潜入世界人们的心里,年俗就像祖国母亲身上珍贵的玉佩,成为中国文化一个闪亮的标志。它的品质形成于亘古,在历史穿行中闪烁着别样光彩。     

ALEXANDER CSOMA DE KOROS:Founder of International Tibetan Studies

Thoughhepassedaway155yearsago,TibetanstudiesworkersinChinastillcherishafondmemorvofthefounderofinternationalTibetanstUdies.Hiscontribu-tiontoTibetanstudiesandtofriendshipbetweenChinaandHungaryisembeddedinourndnds.BominAprill784inthefuralvillageofKorosinHe…     

托口 湘黔边境 千年古镇的年俗

<正>总觉得过年,过的就是那种古老的年俗。托口是一个坐落在五溪地区清水江、渠水交汇处,湘黔边境的千年古镇,居住着汉侗苗等民族的数万群众。白墙、青瓦,繁忙的古渡,长长的青石码头,都让人流连忘返。这里上可达云贵川,下顺沅水直通洞庭湖,历史上因为水运的便捷,曾经非常繁华。明末清初,江西、广东、江浙的油木商贩看准托口上通云贵、下联汉沪,两水交汇的地理优势,纷纷前     

我的尼泊尔 我的间隔年

所谓间隔年（Gap Year）。指的是年轻人在两段学业或工作之间,刻意为自己空出一段比较长的时间去旅行,拓宽视野。增长见识。这个在国外很流行的生活方式．现在在国内也悄然火了起来。李文华的间隔年,便是以两年半尼泊尔的义工生涯度过的。     

CELEBRATION OF TIBETAN NEW YEAR

正A reception was held in the Embassy of PRC in Nepal on Feb.2nd.2016 to celebrate the New Year in Tibetan calendar,the Fire Monkey Losar.More than 600 guests attended the reception,including Tibetans living in Nepal.representatives of Chinese-funded enterprises,Nepali government officials and friendly figures from all walks of life.     

10TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE ENTHRONEMENT OF THE 11TH PANCHEN ERDENI

Acelebration ceremony was held on December 8, 2005 in Tashilhungpo Monastery to mark the 10th anniversary of the enthronement of the 11th Panchen Erdeni. Though in deep winter, the monastery was filled with warmth. The Dorgyia Courtyard was freshly adorned with a pagoda composed of fried dough, dried nuts, qingke barley and wheat rising seven meters high. Jiang Zemin's horizontal board inscribed with the words "Safeguarding the Country and Benefiting the People" hung high on the western s…     

杨柳青点染丹青

杨柳青镇,距天津市区16公里,地处京畿要冲,为京津之门户。据史料记载:杨柳青镇外多梨树,其木质坚硬可用于雕刻。有乡民用其雕刻门神、灶王、钟馗等纸符供奉。后逐渐演变为点缀年华、祈福纳祥的新春年画。明永乐十三年(1415年)京杭大运河开通流经杨柳青镇,漕运的兴盛,将南方精细纸张颜料运至这里,故此,习画艺者增多,出现了以画为业的手工作坊。至清乾隆,嘉庆年间达到鼎盛时期,年画流向全国,享誉中外。其镇六街三市,三十六村,年画作坊画牌相招,彩幌遥对,真可谓:"家家会点染,户户善丹青……"     

过年·在路上

<正>《旅游纵览》是"精于摄影,专于旅游"的杂志,2月,全中国都泡在年味里,有那么一群人依然在路上行行摄摄。他们是热爱旅行和摄影的人,是把一大年凡俗的事抛在脑后的人,他们是《旅游纵览》的忠实读者。他们已经获得成功或正在走向成功,可以从容地去旅行,拍片,去享受采撷瞬间美的快乐。     

1OTH ANNIVE RSARY OF THE ENTHRONEMENT OF TH 11TH PANCHEN ERDENI

Acelebration ceremony was held on December 8, 2005 in Tashilhungpo Monastery to mark the 10th anniversary of the enthronement of the 11 th Panchen Erdeni. Though in deep winter, the monastery was filled with warmth, The Dorgyia Courtyard was freshly adorned with a T pagoda composed of fried dough, dried nuts, qingke barley and wheat rising seven meters high. Jiang Zemin＇s horizontal board inscribed with the words ＂Safeguarding the Country and Benefiting the People＂ hung high on the western side of the courtyard,     

SHEEP IN THE YEAR OF WOOD SHEEP

<正>Editor's Note:During Tibetan New Year celebrations,a colorful sheep head carved with yak butter is always placed in the middle of an altar in each household.The sheep head is pronounced as"Loguo"in Tibetan,similar in sound with"Losar",meaning the Tibetan New Year.As2015 is the Year of the Wood Sheep in the Tibetan calendar,we present this special report on why the sheep holds     

感受岁时的金陵

"江南佳丽地,金陵帝王州",古都南京有着悠久的历史与灿烂的文化。在南京过春节,能深刻感受到古都金陵民俗文化的厚重,你会被她那浓浓的节日氛围所吸引与感染,叫人难以忘怀。     

LUSTRE-DECORATED CERAMICS FROM A 15TH TO 16TH CENTURY PRODUCTION IN SEVILLE*

A set of 17 fragments of ceramics have been uncovered on the occasion of excavations of a workshop in Triana near Seville. These ceramics are typical of objects that are not commonly encountered in present collections in spite of intensive production during the 15th–16th centuries. Chemical and mineralogical analyses have been performed using various techniques (X-ray fluorescence and diffraction, SEM, ion beam analyses). The majority of the ceramic sherds represent the diversity of the Seville production; three fragments recovered in the same archaeological context were not locally produced and belong to the production of eastern Spain (Valence area). The ceramic bodies of the Seville sherds are compatible with the use of clays from the Guadalquivir valley. The glaze and the lustre decoration are comparable to those produced in eastern Spain. These conclusions are based on data that represent the production of a single workshop in Seville; the scatter of the data is due to variations in the processing and/or to alterations during the five centuries of burial of the ceramic fragments.