美国乡土景观研究理论与实践——《发现乡土景观》导读

《发现乡土景观》①一书是美国"乡土景观之父"杰克逊关于文化景观研究的力作。杰克逊建立了美国乡土景观研究的理论框架:两种理想景观--政治景观和栖居景观,以及三种景观原型--景观一、景观二、景观三。在此框架下,探讨当代美国乡土景观的典型要素:平面空间、乡村小镇、乡土建筑、可移动房屋、石材与木材、科技风格、新型公园、新田园。该书提出的乡土景观研究方法论、乡土景观内涵的理解等,对当代中国景观研究和景观设计具有重要参考意义。     

ELEMENTS OF THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE AS FIGURES OF SPEECH

It is argued that some elements of the cultural landscape take the form they do because they are the equivalents of the figures of speech of normal language. The paper examines: 1) the role played by figures of speech in normal language, 2) a model of the individual human person derived from physiological psychology capable of replicating the relevant patterns of observed speech and behaviour, 3) three figures of speech that (a) denote values, and (b) can be expressed in the landscape. It should be possible to test the thesis by means of systematic research. La thèse de ce compte-rendu est que certains elements du paysage culturel sont des transformations de certaines figures du discours de tous les jours. II s'agit d'une enquête sur : I) le rôle joué dans la langue par certaines figures du discours ; 2) un modèle de l'être humain qui est fonde sur des recherches des psychologues physiologiques, et qui peut reproduire les locutions figuratives et leurs transformations dans le paysage ; 3) trois figures du discours qui (a) signifient certaines valeurs, et (b) peuvent s'exprimer dans le paysage. Cette these serait capable de verification par la recherche systématique.     

LABOUR'S GEOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHY'S LABOUR: CALIFORNIA AS AN (ANTI‐) REVOLUTIONARY LANDSCAPE

The California agricultural landscape seemed on the cusp of radical, maybe even revolutionary, change just before World War II. But over the next twenty years, rather than radical change, patterns of capital concentration and labour hyper‐exploitation were entrenched, in large part through growers’ ability to gain control over a programme to import indentured ‘guest workers’ – braceros – from Mexico. By examining how the California landscape did not change we can begin to understand more fully the complex relationship between landscape and revolution, which is what this article seeks to do. In the wake of the analysis made here, speculations are offered on how it behooves contemporary movements (usually urban) – and their theorists – to pay closer attention to the relationship between revolution and landscape.     

河北地域文化景观分析

本文从自然环境剖析入手,阐释了文化景观区位的自然属性与人文属性,探讨了环境感应、政权核心对河北地域文化景观的错综影响。     

韩国经济地理学研究现状和趋势

至今在我国国内,有关评介韩国地理学研究状况的文章甚少。虽然韩国地理学研究历史较短,但有些领域的研究已走到了我们的前面。本文将系统地介绍韩国农业地理学、工业地理学、商业流通地理学、交通地理学的研究状况,并指出目前在经济地理学研究中所存在的一些问题和今后的发展趋势。     

METROPOLITAN PROCESSES IN POST-COMMUNIST STATES: AN INTRODUCTION

This study introduces a collection of theme issue papers on metropolitan processes in post‐communist states. We first identify and discuss five key significant socialist‐era legacy aspects that continue to mould the course of events in the post‐communist urban scene. These are central planning, land allocation, the second economy, defence considerations, and the implications of the ideological leadership of the communist parties. We then procede to investigate the literature on the unfolding urban geography of post‐communism and the factors underpinning its development, and we place the papers collected in this theme issue into their context.     

1. TIMES OF THE EVENT: AN INTRODUCTION

This introduction sets the stage for the following contributions by outlining the current state of research on the two fundamental categories that this forum brings together: the event and time. In a brief survey, we discuss the ways in which the temporality of events has been theorized across disciplines. We also present our core argument for understanding the event as a temporal focal point. In dialogue with existing approaches, we seek to develop a theoretically enriched and empirically fruitful conceptualization of the event, thus offering new perspectives to the academic historiography of events as well as to historical culture at large.     

缅怀革命根据地货币的光辉历史

中国共产党自诞生以来，已走过了整整八十年的历程。在这不平凡的八十年里，党所领导的革命根据地斗争，是其中极其艰苦卓绝、惊心动魄的一段时光，而革命根据地货币在这场斗争中发挥了重要作用，并且为解放后的经济恢复和建设准备了条件。革命     

1. DECOLONIZING HISTORIES IN THEORY AND PRACTICE: AN INTRODUCTION

This is a reflection on the close relations of the writing of postcolonial histories and recent decolonial critiques, and on the tensions between them. Postcolonial historical analysis often has been preoccupied with hybridity and mixture, conjugation and adaptation, exchange and interaction—with subversions of sovereignty in contact zones, borderlands, and on the beach. As a structuralist formulation, decolonial historical binarism in contrast echoes Indigenous politics of self-determination, even suggesting at times an ontological decoupling of settler and Indigenous histories and practices. Stringent decolonization of historical inquiry—implying the sabotage and superseding of settler colonial linguistic, narrative, and temporal conventions and the disturbing of standardized assumptions about evidence, agency, and authorship—would give us an epistemic assemblage perhaps not recognizable as “history.” Even if desirable, is that imaginable now except as metaphor or ideal?