新砦期的确认及其意义

对新砦遗址的重新发掘,发现王湾三期文化、新砦期遗存和二里头文化早期遗存的三叠层,确认了新砦期的存在,再次证明二里头文化是在当地龙山文化基础上产生的。新砦期即使不是最早的夏文化,也是探索早期夏文化的新支点。     

论新砦文化的源流及性质

正目次一新砦文化的内涵二新砦文化的来源三新砦文化的去向四新砦文化的性质新砦期遗存因1979年河南密县(今新密市)新砦遗址的发掘而得名。最初,发掘者认为该遗存属河南龙山文化向二里头文化的过渡性遗存~([1]),但新砦期遗存是否存在并未得到确认。为探索早期夏文化,1999年北京大学联合郑州市文物考古研究所对新砦遗址再次进行了发掘,确认了"新砦期"的存在~([2])。其后,学术界对"新砦期"遗存进行讨论,提出了"新砦文化"的命名~([3])。     

河南新密新砦遗址出土铜器分析

正新砦遗址位于河南省新密市东23公里刘寨镇新砦村西部,面积约100万平方米,主要遗存为河南龙山文化晚期和二里头文化早期。1979年3至4月、1999年、2000年分别对新砦遗址进行发掘,取得了新砦期文化确认的学术成果~((1))。2002年至2005年10月,对遗址继续发掘,已初步确定新砦遗址是一处设有外壕、城壕、内壕共三重防御设施,中心区建有大型城址的重要遗址~((2))。目前已知,新砦早段的年代约为公元前1870-1790年,新砦晚段年代约为公元前     

夏商分界、夏文化分期及“夏文化”定义诸题新探

夏商文化分界在二里头文化第三期与第四期之交，其年代为公元前1553年或公元前1572年，由此上推471年，则夏代开始的年代应为公元前2024年或公元前2043年。按照这样的年代，早期夏文化应为中原龙山文化晚期的遗存，中期夏文化应为“新砦期”文化和二里头文化第一期的遗存，晚期夏文化应为二里头文化第二期、第三期的遗存。长期...     

关于新砦期遗存研究的几个问题

新砦期遗存是近年来学术界关注的一个热点问题。文章在前人研究成果的基础上依据新砦遗址、花地嘴遗址的最新考古发现提出将新砦期遗存独立为一个新的文化——新砦文化。新砦文化的分布范围仍属于广义的豫西地区,其中分布区可暂分伊洛下游区(含郑州市区)和颍汝区两个小区;文化类型上可分为新砦类型和花地嘴类型。新砦文化的性质属于夏文化,夏文化包括新砦文化和二里头文化。     

二里头文化一期遗存与夏文化初始

二里头文化一期遗存主要来源于当地的王湾三期文化,并可进一步区分为早晚两段和划分类型。新砦期遗存属于二里头文化一期早段,称为二里头文化一期新紫型。二里头文化一期是夏文化早期遗存。     

论新砦文化与王湾三期文化的关系

<正>目次一王湾三期文化的分期二新砦遗址王湾三期文化的分期和相对年代三新砦文化的分期、相对年代及其分布态势四新砦文化对相邻王湾三期文化的影响五结语新砦文化与王湾三期文化的关系,是认识中原地区考古学文化序列和早期夏文化等重大学术问题的关键。对此,目前学术界分歧较大,主要有五种不同认识:第一,认为新砦遗存属王湾三期文化的晚期遗存~([1]);第二,认为新砦遗存是从王湾三期文化到二里头文化的过渡性遗     

学术诚信是立论之本——三正方酉生教授谪难

方酉生教授《偃师二里头遗址第一期文化比新砦期二里头文化为晚》一文,指谪拙文《二里头文化一期遗存与夏文化初始》时因出示论据有误、编排夏年随意而致其立论失信。     

新砦遗址出土部分动物骨的碳氮稳定同位素分析

新砦遗址地处中原,年代为龙山文化晚期与二里头文化一期之间。通过应用碳氮稳定同位素分析方法对于新砦遗址2002年发掘期间出土动物骨的分析显示,家畜的食物均是以C4类植物为主,而结合遗址出土植物遗存的研究结果,C4类植物应为粟黍。其食物之间的差异表明,该遗址不同种类家畜之间的饲养方式有所不同。     

河南新密市新砦遗址东城墙发掘简报

2003年秋,通过对新砦遗址东城墙的解剖,可知龙山文化时期将原已存在的自然沟填平修建城墙,外侧扩建护城河。新砦期早段,修整龙山晚期城墙,并在此基础上夯筑早段城墙。新砦期晚段,城墙向外扩展并得以新建,同时向外扩建了新的护城河。新砦期晚段的城墙和护城河毁于二里头文化时期。     

Theory,Disciplinary Perspectives and the Archaeology of Later Medieval England

Abstract

In the year 2000, a lead canister and a penny of Henry III were recovered during a watching brief on a site in Colchester which is within 13 m of the find spots of two 13th-century coin hoards buried in similar canisters. While the container found in 2000 may have held a third such hoard (later recovered), it may also have been used as a floor safe. The site has connections with the Colchester Jewry, who were probably the principal agents in the handling of money and deposition of hoards on this site. The single penny may be simply a coin lost on a site where money changed hands in large quantities, or (speculatively) the only survival from a recovered hoard.     

Household Archaeology, Lifecycles and Status in a Nineteenth-Century Australian Coastal Community

The analysis of a ceramic assemblage from a late nineteenth-century site in a coastal town near Melbourne, Australia, is used to explore issues relating to household cycles and comparative status. Acquisition of household goods closely matches the stages of growth and decline in family size and the nature of the assemblage has directed further research into the relative status of the family.     

The Archaeology of Tula, Hidalgo, Mexico

The site of Tula, Hidalgo, Mexico, is well known for its distinctive architecture and sculpture that came to light in excavations initiated some 70 years ago. Less well known is the extensive corpus of archaeological research conducted over the past several decades, revealing a city that at its height covered an area of c. 16 km² and incorporated a remarkably diverse landscape of hills, plains, alluvial valleys, and marsh. Its dense, urban character is evident in excavations at over 22 localities that uncovered complex arrangements of residential compounds whose nondurable architecture left relatively few surface traces. Evidence of craft production includes lithic and ceramic production loci in specific sectors of the ancient city. Tula possessed a large and densely settled hinterland that apparently encompassed the surrounding region, including most of the Basin of Mexico, and its area of direct influence appears to have extended to the north as far as San Luís Potosí. Tula is believed to have originated as the center of a regional state that consolidated various Coyotlatelco polities and probably remnants of a previous Teotihuacan-controlled settlement system. Its pre-Aztec history exhibits notable continuity in settlement, ceramics, and monumental art and architecture. The nature of the subsequent Aztec occupation supports ethnohistorical and other archaeological evidence that Tula’s ruins were what the Aztecs called Tollan.     

GIS,Archaeological Survey,and Landscape Archaeology on the Island of Kythera,Greece

Abstract

GIS and quantitative analysis are used to explore a series of simple but important issues in GIS-led survey. we draw on information collected during intensive archaeological field survey of the island of Kythera, Greece, and consider four questions: the relationship between terracing and enclosed field systems; the effect of vegetation on archaeological recovery; site definition and characterization in multi-period and artifact-rich landscapes; and site location modelling that considers some of the decisions behind the placing of particular Bronze Age settlements. we have chosen GIS and quantitative methods to extract patterns and structure in our multi-scalar dataset, demonstrating the value of GIS in helping to understand the archaeological record and past settlement dynamics. The case studies can be viewed as examples of how GIS may contribute to four stages in any empirically based landscape project insofar as they move from the spatial structure of the modern landscape, to the visibility and patterning of archaeological data, to the interpretation of settlement patterns.     

Archaeology on Television, 1937

The birth of archaeologically themed television programmes is intimately linked to the birth of television itself. Yet little is known of the earliest broadcasts owing to both the fragmentary archival record and the longstanding hype surrounding later archaeology TV productions. This article examines two of the first such shows, likely the earliest in the English-speaking world for which records survive, focused on the British Iron Age site of Maiden Castle and on the reconstruction of prehistoric pottery. While noting the role of Mortimer Wheeler in their development, I also highlight several key women who produced the programmes, starred in them, and otherwise held critical posts in the establishment of professional archaeological practice in Britain, including Margot Eates, Ione Gedye, and Delia Parker — all based at London's Institute of Archaeology (IoA). These BBC TV broadcasts were specifically deployed to showcase the sites and methods of the burgeoning discipline of archaeology. More importantly, however, they were subtle players in the building of intellectual and institutional capital for both the IoA and the BBC. Augmented by other graphic media produced by the IoA itself, the earliest televised archaeology shows generated income, exposure, capacity, and clout for these two very different but pioneering organizations.     

Archaeology, History, and Historical Archaeology in South America

This paper discusses the relationship between history and archaeology in general, their common concerns and links with historical archaeology. It deals with the development of historical archaeology in three related South American countries, Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay, and pays attention to recent trends in the theory and practice of the discipline in the area.     

彩绘漆盘的考古发掘现场保护

为了在考环境监测开始,古发掘现场保护一件刚刚发现的胎体完全腐朽仅以土质为支撑的彩绘漆盘,从发掘现场的通过对该彩绘漆盘临时性保湿、整体提取以及提取后的一系列保护处理,最终成功地完成了该漆盘的考古发掘现场保护,使漆盘完好的保存了下来。     

陕西乾县河里范遗址发掘简报

河里范遗址位于陕西省乾县城东约15公里的泔河南岸二级台地之上,2005年发掘了400余平方米,出土大量的陶器、石器等遗物,可辨认出仰韶中期、晚期和龙山早期三种遗存。本次发掘表明泔河流域在仰韶中晚期到龙山早期这段时间,与渭水中上游地区同期的考古学文化无论从整体的陶系、器形、器物组合及陶器的纹饰特征都基本接近,相较之下与泾水上游同期遗存的差别在仰韶晚期时开始明显。该遗址是泔河流域的首次考古发掘,对关中西部地区史前文化的研究提供了新的资料。     

Land Tenure, Archaeology, and the Ancestral Pueblo Social Landscape

Archaeology relies upon evidence of past human modification of the natural landscape in order to infer past human social dynamics on the site, local, and regional levels. Given the inferential linkages between past landscape use and social relationships, archaeology can benefit from an approach that more explicitly delineates relationships between systems of land use and land tenure, the social means through which people define and assert land use rights. This research outlines a set of methods for modeling prehistoric land tenure systems and developing a middle range theory of land tenure relationships that may assist archaeologists in their investigations of prehistoric resource access systems. Land tenure systems are complex risk-buffering strategies that are conditioned by the labor invested in food production, the size of groups holding direct access to productive lands and resources, and the temporal duration of land access rights. The role of these variables is supported by cross-cultural data from a worldwide sample of food-producing societies. The land tenure model is applied to data from the prehistoric Southwest to help explain local and regional changes in food production, settlement size, and community organization in southwest Colorado between 900 and 1300 A.D.     

河南淅川马岭遗址聚落考古的探索

通过对河南淅川县马岭遗址的发掘,我们探索了如何在复杂的软遗址中进行聚落考古的方法,包括采用开放式发掘方式及其资料记录的特点;如何确定遗迹、遗迹组和聚落面;演绎的思维方式对于聚落考古的重要性。