我国风险投资存在的问题及原因分析

<正>我国在从计划经济向社会主义市场经济转轨这一特殊历史时期及加入世贸组织这一大背景下我国风险投资业目前面临很多问题,我国要加快技术     

地理信息系统支持的兴隆洼文化手工业生产专业化研究

对考古遗址内遗物的空间分布进行分析是研究手工业生产专业化的重要手段。将兴隆洼文化南台子、白音长汗遗址发掘资料数字化,利用地理信息系统软件对遗物分布特征进行分析,显示出遗址内石器和石料的分布具有不均衡性,这说明初级的专业化生产可能在中国的新石器时代中期即已发生。     

The Art of Geographical Analysis

Professor Arthur Getis was a prominent geographical analysis researcher and proponent. His research in geographical analysis was broad, with an eye on theoretical developments and application-oriented details. However, there was so much more. His active participation and engaged discussion at symposia and conferences, in sessions, during breaks and less formally over drinks or a meal, stand out, even postretirement. His service and mentoring in many forms too were invaluable. In what follows, an overview of his career and contributions are provided. Additionally, observations and broader significance are offered as a set of rules to live by based on my three decades of interaction with Professor Getis.     

The Geographical Names of Vietnam

A Soviet place-name specialist analyzes the structure of Vietnamese place names on the basis of his attendance at a place-name seminar in Hanoi and a field trip through North Vietnam in 1963–64. Similarities with Chinese place names are found, particularly in the names of administrative divisions and towns. A wide range of generic terms, some of limited local use in mountain and river names, is discussed. The possible derivation of well-known place names such as Hanoi, Saigon, Mekong, etc., is analyzed.     

论地理因素在陇南山地历史发展中的作用与影响

位于青藏高原、黄土高原与西秦岭交汇地带的甘肃陇南山地,区域内地形地貌复杂多样,为具有不同地域背景的民族、部落入居提供了基本的地理环境。而不同地理单元之间由于自然分界线与人文分界线之间相互依托、强化,使陇南山地历史发展呈现出"时间""空间"的双重分异和"内地化"与"边疆化"的双重趋势。在白龙江、洮河、岷峨山地、西秦岭、边墙、关隘、堡寨等大大小小自然、人文分界线中,由岷县、临潭、夏河连线所构成的"汉藏分界线"对陇南山地历史发展产生了根本性的影响。这条地理的、生态的分界线在约束人类活动的同时,又为人类最大限度的利用自然环境提供了可能。     

地理环境对淮北地区历史发展的影响

文章尝试从历史地理学视角考察地理环境对淮河以北地区历史发展的影响。作者选取了地理环境构成中的地理位置、地形地貌等因素作为分析的主要方面,指出南北过渡的地理位置和倾斜平原为主的地貌条件,使该区域处在国家经济的过渡带、南北征战的最前沿,并成为国家政策的非重点关注区域和黄泛区。南北过渡的地理位置和平原地貌还对该区域交通网络和城镇的发展产生重要影响,便利的交通有助于交通型城镇的发育,交通网络的多变性又影响了城镇发展的持续性。     

空间地理规律对区域(中国)发展过程的影响

运用空间地理规律探讨历史区域的空间发展过程,在古代中国具有十分良好有利的客观条件。本文基于较大空间尺度和较长历史时限,针对区域地理诸多分异现象的发生和变化,系统阐述了这一规律的三个方面(纬度地带性规律、经度省性和垂直地带性规律),在不同区域或地带空间发展过程中突出的表现特点和影响形式。     

世界经济地域结构中的珲春——图们江地区开发

地理上的接近性与经济上的互补性是区际、国际经济合作的基本动力。本文分析了世界经济地域结构及其变动趋势,论述了珲春-图们江地区开发的优劣势和内外部条件。在此基础上,提出了该区开发的三重模式。     

大理旅游区开发建设的地理评价

旅游开发的地理评价是旅游地理学研究的重要内容。对旅游区开发建设的地理学评价,应从人地关系的角度,分析旅游业的发展对区域的社会、经济和环境的影响,同时探究区域背景中对旅游业发展的促进和制滞作用。即采用部门--区域交叉相关分析的方法。本文选取了涉及大理市社会、经济、环境的35个要素,根据1984~1988年间的情况,在定量演算的基础上展开定性分析,评价了旅游业对大理市的社会、经济和环境的影响方面程度,亦找出了大理市区域背景中影响旅游业发展的主导方面和不够协调的方面。为进一步制定与大理市社会进步、经济发展、环境保护相协调的大理旅游区开发建设规划提供了思路和佐证。     

Building a Venture Capital Market in Vietnam: Diffusion of a Neoliberal Market Strategy to a Socialist State

Abstract

Vietnam’s venture capital (VC) industry took shape in the late 1990s during a period of exceptional economic growth in the country and the development of its high-technology sector. High growth rates and technological advances have typically coincided with both strong VC market activity and state support of equity financing. This, however, has not been the case in Vietnam. In this article a policy diffusion framework is used to investigate the international and domestic origins of Vietnam’s nascent VC policies, and how they became part of the agenda of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) as credit-based, rather than equity-based, solutions. The article argues that Vietnam’s heterodox approach to VC policy results from both external forces from donors and from domestic factors. In particular, Vietnamese policymakers have a preference for credit-based SME financing solutions and Vietnam’s official development assistance providers diffuse expertise on loans, not equity investments, to the Socialist Republic. The only donors recommending VC and equity-based financing in Vietnam have gone “around the state” rather than through it by working directly with the private sector. As a result, Vietnam’s SME financing initiatives have significantly diverged from international VC policy patterns.     

The Natural-Historic basis for the Development and Specialization of Agriculture in the Socialist Countries (Outside the USSR)

The authors urge a zonal specialization of agriculture within the countries of the Socialist camp, particularly the CEMA grouping. Bulgaria, which supplies tobacco, grapes, early vegetables, and fruits to other countries, in cited as an example. Geographers are urged to work out such a specialization scheme based on a complex of factors, including the physical-geographic base, manpower resources, the present state of agriculture, and the traditional working habits of the population.     

Geographical Problems of Development of the Tayga (Northern Forest)

The author reviews the geographer's role in the study of the tayga environment from the viewpoint of resource development and the contribution geographers can make in the formulation of development plans for the tayga, which occupies one-third of the Soviet Union's total area. Published research and future study projects are discussed.     

The Polar Asymmetry of the Geographical Envelope

The author reviews the Soviet and foreign literature on polar asymmetry and suggest that an appropriate correction be made in the hierarchy of the geographic zonality concept developed since the work of V. V. Dokuchayev (1846–1903) in Russian geographic writing.