Jean-François Foucquet's Contribution to the Establishment of Chinese Book Collections in European Libraries: Circulation of Chinese Books

This article focuses on the circulation of Chinese books by looking at the books which François Foucquet carried from China to Europe. By examining different “booklists,” it investigates how books circulated not only from one concrete place to another, but also through different “lists”: bookseller lists, transportation lists, cataloguing lists, lists of forgotten books, or quotation lists. In addition, by linking the various catalogues and book lists to the holdings of European libraries and, in turn, Foucquet's library to the other systematic transfers of books from China to Europe, this study reconstructs the “communication circuit” of a library. This reconstruction is an “intercultural” communication circuit, which runs from the Chinese bookseller over the shipper to the European reader. On the basis of this analysis, this article shows the important role Foucquet and other Europeans played in a new epoch of interest in Chinese culture: the constitution of Chinese libraries in Europe.     

Towards Culture 3.0 – performative space in the public library

The aim of this article is to analyse and discuss the development of performative spaces in public libraries from a cultural policy perspective. First, a framework of three concepts of culture, 1.0–3.0, is used as a tool to analyse the overall development of public libraries. Against this background, we introduce the notion of performative spaces in public libraries by highlighting Nordic examples. The tendency can also be seen on a broader level in European and North American libraries, where a ‘performative turn’ can be seen as the relationship between the library and its users, especially the younger ‘digital natives’. The rationales behind the emergence of performative spaces in public libraries are analysed and discussed: democratisation, empowerment and economic impact. This article concludes that the performative spaces are legitimized by multiple rationales in the same way as cultural policies and cultural institutions are legitimised today.     

满铁奉天图书馆

满铁奉天图书馆是南满洲铁道株式会社三座参考图书馆之一,该图书馆存在期间是1910年到1945年,它是个特定历史时期的产物。本文介绍了满铁奉天图书馆的概况、特色文献收藏、满铁奉天图书馆各种文献目录、由满铁奉天图书馆研究整理出版的各种出版物。同时介绍了抗战胜利后,满铁奉天图书馆文献被接收情况和后来的文献流向。     

Librarianship in Kuwait after the Gulf War

A general view of the field of librarianship in Kuwait is presented with special emphasis on the impact of the Iraqi aggression on libraries and information centers in the country. First, a review of the damages and future plans of the main library and information sectors is presented (school, public, academic, central libraries), followed by a summary of the effect of the Iraqi occupation on education in library and information science.     

Eine naturwissenschaftliche Forschungsbibliothek des 18. Jahrhunderts: Die Bibliothek der ‚Naturforschenden Gesellschaft’︁ zu Jena

The ?Naturforschende Gesellschaft’?, founded in 1793, proved instrumental for the development of science at the University of Jena around 1800. Its library can be considered as one of its most important facilities provided for research and for the education of students. Since this library has been preserved almost without losses, we can ask whether this library served the purpose of a research library in the newly established field of ?science’?. In consequence, the role of scientific societies and the genesis of specialised libraries in the area of science can be investigated in an exemplary case, with implications for the concept of scientific research around 1800.     

武汉市24小时自助图书馆设立的空间效应研究

以武汉市中心城区为研究范围,综合运用核密度估计法、Ripley's L函数、标准差椭圆、Voronoi多边形和空间句法,系统分析武汉市24小时自助图书馆设立的空间效应,包括整体空间效应、服务范围及服务人口效应、可达性及穿行性效应。结果表明,24小时自助图书馆的设立:1使图书馆由单一集聚核心向多集聚核心转变,使图书馆空间集聚程度加强,整体呈现出"大分散,小集聚"的空间分布特征,空间分布方向向"E-W"方向顺时针旋转;2使图书馆的服务范围缩小,服务人口压力减小,但其长尾效应有待进一步发挥;3使图书馆的可达性略有提高,但使其穿行性显著增强,正在从根本上将读者获取图书资源的方式由"读者围着资源移动"转变为"让资源围着读者移动"。     

论知识经济与未来图书馆员的素质和技能

知识经济正引导着图书馆进入一个极其美妙的知识信息的自由空间,提高图书馆馆员的素质和技能,建设一支跨世纪的图书馆管理人才队伍,是当前社会主义市场经济中图书馆事业改革和发展的需要,更是知识经济时代的必然要求。     

民族地区图书馆事业发展的现状与对策

在我国文化服务体系建设中,公共图书馆服务体系的建设是其重要组成部分。民族地区图书馆发展滞后是我国文化体系建设中的薄弱环节,民族地区图书馆如何适应社会发展的需求,是图书馆领域深入探讨的重要课题。本文在分析民族地区图书馆现状的基础上,针对存在的问题,提出了相应的对策。     

Some recent developments in British academic libraries and their implications for the geographer

Abstract

Rising costs of staffing, materials and accommodation have had serious implications for the quantity of stock and quality of service available in university and polytechnic libraries since the early 1970s. Fortunately, various technological developments have worked to counter this deterioration. Increased automation and cooperation between libraries have increased efficiency in acquisitions, cataloguing, loans and inter‐library loans systems. More libraries are offering on‐line information retrieval services. Attitudes have also changed and librarians are keener to promote library use by means of instruction, publications and publicity. Despite these developments some problems remain unchanged.     

中国公共图书馆时空格局演变及影响因素研究

以1994-2013年中国县域公共图书馆数据为研究基础,运用数理统计和GIS空间分析方法揭示了中国公共图书馆的时空格局及其演变规律,采用多元回归分析和地理探测器分析其时空分异的影响因素及强度差异,并探究其影响机制。结果表明：①中国公共图书馆的整体发展水平持续提升,不同等级公共图书馆的数量结构特征展现出由“金字塔型”向“哑铃型”演变的态势;②中国公共图书馆在空间上的等级扩散效应较为显著,其集聚水平逐步下降,趋向空间均衡分布方向发展;③中国公共图书馆密度分布总体上呈现出逐年提高的趋势,但区域间公共图书馆发展水平的差距在进一步扩大,表现出“东高西低、南高北低”的空间分布格局;④中国公共图书馆时空分布格局是经济、社会、文化、政策等诸多因素共同作用的结果,不同时期和不同地区公共图书馆时空分异的主导因素及其作用强度存在差异。     

Ein Katalog chinesischer Bücher aus dem Jahre 1804, zum Verkauf angeboten durch Antonio Montucci

In this bibliographical note, the author presents the first European, i.e., 1804 sales catalogue of Chinese books, provided that we do not count the booksellers catalogues of scholars’ private libraries in which Chinese language material consisted of few items only. The owner remained anonymous, but the agent was Antonio Montucci (1762–1829) – an early Sinologist who described the collection in a letter to the editor of the Gentleman’s Magazine in 1804. The books were acquired by the Duke of Devonshire. Their present location, however, has not been established. Montucci, who planned on editing a major Chinese dictionary for Europeans and had thousands of wooden types cut for this purpose at his own cost, was not given a chance neither in Paris nor in St. Petersburg where such projects were in preparation. His own Chinese library was sold to the Holy See before his death.     

“满铁”哈尔滨图书馆

满铁哈尔滨图书馆是南满洲铁道株式会社三家图书馆之一。满铁哈尔滨图书馆源流实际上由两部分构成,一部分是中东铁路中央图书馆,一部分是满铁在哈尔滨成立的原满铁哈尔滨图书馆。本文介绍了满铁哈尔滨图书馆源流、馆藏特色文献以及1945年抗战胜利后满铁哈尔滨图书馆被接收情况和文献流向。     

浅议基层图书馆的信息服务工作

网络环境下,图书馆的信息服务呈现出许多新特点。这一新特点给基层图书馆的信息服务工作带来严峻的生存挑战和广阔的发展机遇。基层图书馆只有不断优化信息资源和提升信息服务水平,才能跟进时代发展的步伐,为用户提供更好的服务。     

加快图书馆发展 促进和谐社会构建

本文从构建和谐社会的角度出发,论述了图书馆在构建和谐社会中的作用及发展方向。     

南京图书馆发展史略

中国最早的近代图书馆之一的南京图书馆在艰难曲折的发展历程中取得了一系列成就,目前已成为我国第三大图书馆。     

和谐社会视域下如何做好图书馆工作

和谐社会赋予现代图书馆更多的任务和要求。在新形势下,图书馆若要更好地服务社会、服务读者,就应努力调整各方面的关系,并以相应的规章制度作保障,从而使图书馆的教育职能得以充分发挥,为和谐社会的构建发挥应有的作用。     

Persistence and decay of the intestinal microbiota's DNA in glacier mummies from the Alps

The study of the DNA of ancient microorganisms in human remains represents one of the newest and most promising branches of molecular archaeoanthropology. Despite the growing number of papers addressing this subject, however, the analysis of ancient bacterial DNA is still a contentious issue. The indigenous microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract of man represents a community characterized by relative constancy in species composition and proportion. As a model system, we studied the preservation of the intestinal microbiota DNA in two naturally freeze-dried human mummies found on the Alps. This kind of mummy is an ideal subject for ancient DNA investigations. The first is a male body historically dated 1918 A.D. while the second is the famous Tyrolean Iceman (3.350–3.100 B.C.). The screening of bacterial 16S rRNA gene libraries from colon samples of the two mummies (49 clones for the 1918 mummy, 119 clones for the Iceman) showed that the characteristic composition of the intestinal microbiota of man (Alpha-, Beta-, Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroides, Clostridia) is still kept in the library from the recent mummy while the Iceman's library is almost entirely composed by the DNA of clostridia. Comparison of the intestinal data with those from the literature describing the screening of 16S rRNA gene libraries from other parts of the Iceman's body and from permafrost specimens indicates that the changes in library composition may partly be attributed to the proliferation of clostridia inside the corpses, as described in forensic literature, and partly to the differential persistence of the DNA of gram-negative bacteria and endospore-former low-GC gram-positive bacteria. The present results contribute to the issue of the authentication of claims of pathogen DNA identification in archaeological human remains.     

对民族地区图书馆现代化建设的思考

民族地区图书馆的现代化建设,是促进民族地区文化建设的重要方面。本文立足于民族地区实际,着眼于当代科技发展趋势,从注重科学管理、设施建设、人才培养、扩大交流以及开展有益的文化活动等方面,就如何实现图书馆现代化建设的目标进行了探讨。     

新信息环境下党校图书馆的定位与发展

党校图书馆有别于一般高校图书馆,有其自身的优势,也存在相应的问题。在新信息环境下,党校图书馆需要有新的定位,需要不断推进数字化建设,利用网络发展信息服务,同时进一步实现图书馆系统的信息资源共享。     

信息化社会图书馆员素质的培养

图书馆在国家的科学教育和研究体系中占据重要地位,为教育和科学研究提供服务图书馆员的素质是由图书馆的性质、职能、规律和特点所决定的。在信息化社会,图书馆的应用技术呈现出更广阔的应用平台,要求图书馆员积极应对新技术和新的工作方式转变的挑战;读者的需求向多元化方式转变,也要求图书馆员不断提高服务质量和履务方式。因此,图书馆员的素质是图书馆适应信息化社会发展的关键。鉴于此,本文就图书馆员应当具备的素质以及如何提高自身素质提出了一些基本思路。