共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Nan A. Rothschild 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2006,10(1):72-107
A comparison of two seventeenth-century colonial encounters in North America, examining the Pueblo–Spanish interaction in New Mexico and the Mohawk–Dutch situation in New York. I focus on material culture flows, the role of women, forms of labor that were extracted in each setting and how each of these contributed to power relations and identity construction.
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Nan A. RothschildEmail: |
2.
How to Make an Unfired Clay Cooking Pot: Understanding the Technological Choices Made by Arctic Potters 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Karen G. Harry Lisa Frink Brendan O’Toole Andreas Charest 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2009,16(1):33-50
Between about 500 a.d. and the late nineteenth century, clay cooking pots associated with the Thule culture were produced in the Arctic region.
Ethnographic and archaeological records indicate that these vessels were typically underfired (often even unfired), highly
porous, and easily broken. Despite these characteristics, the evidence indicates that they were used to heat water over open
fires. In this paper, we examine how Arctic potters were able to produce unsintered vessels capable of holding liquids without
disintegrating. We conclude that the application of seal oil and seal blood to the pot’s surface was the key to their success.
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Karen G. HarryEmail: |
3.
Tim Murray 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2006,10(4):291-298
The research reported in this special issue details research undertaken at the site of Casselden Place in Melbourne, Australia.
In addition to providing specific information about this site, this collaborative effort demonstrates how the theory and practice
of the archaeology of the modern city has developed and matured.
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Tim MurrayEmail: |
4.
Jeffrey R. Ferguson 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2008,15(1):51-67
Archaeologists frequently underestimate the importance of children as well as craft skill acquisition in the formation of
archaeological assemblages. Perhaps even more often they conflate the terms “novice” and “child” in ways that oversimplify
the factors that are involved in incorporating new producers into craft production. In particular, the skill acquisition involved
in stone tool production is influenced by a variety of factors, including danger, raw material value, raw material availability,
and raw material recyclability, as well as a variety of social factors. This paper examines the influence of each of these
factors and also suggests patterns useful in recognizing and distinguishing between novices and children in the archaeological
record.
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Jeffrey R. FergusonEmail: |
5.
J. D. Lewis-Williams 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2006,13(4):341-375
Southern African rock art research has progressed from an essentially denigrating social and political milieu, through an
empiricist period, to contemporary social and historical approaches. Empiricism, once thought to be the salvation of southern
African rock art research, was a theoretically and methodologically flawed enterprise. Attempts to see the art through an
emic perspective facilitated by copious nineteenth- and twentieth-century San ethnography is a more useful approach. It began
briefly, but was then abandoned, in the nineteenth century. Today, diverse theoretical and methodological approaches are being
constructed on an ethnographic foundation. The centrality of the San in South African national identity has been recognized.
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J. D. Lewis-WilliamsEmail: |
6.
Ericka Engelstad 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2007,14(3):217-234
Numerous publications on gender archaeology present case studies that incorporate gender in their analyses, but make little
use of feminist theory and critique, and are ambivalent or negative to feminism. Aspects of Norwegian, British and American
gender archaeology are discussed in relation to a desire for the ‘mainstream.’ The reasons for, and consequences of, a lack
of feminist theorizing and engagement are related to Donna Haraway’s concept of situated knowledges.
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Ericka EngelstadEmail: |
7.
Sam Willis 《Journal of Maritime Archaeology》2009,4(1):51-65
This article demonstrates the potential of an historical archaeology of smuggling and the value of an interdisciplinary approach
to the study of smuggling and its prevention. By exploring the previously unstudied history of the King’s Pipe in Falmouth,
a large chimney used for the destruction of tobacco, a rare survivor of many that once existed in England’s port cities, it
demonstrates that archaeology could transform our understanding of smuggling and its prevention, and more broadly the history
of crime and punishment in eighteenth century England.
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Sam WillisEmail: |
8.
William H. Walker Michael Brian Schiffer 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2006,13(2):67-88
This paper explores the materiality of social power relationally through study of social interactions with artifacts. Specifically, it is argued that acquisition of an artifact instantiates social power by imposing interactions on groups taking part in that artifact's life-history activities. We introduce the “performance-preference matrix,” an analytic tool for systematically studying the effects of such acquisition events on activity groups. The use of the performance-preference matrix is illustrated through an example: the acquisition of electric-arc lights for lighthouses in the 19th century. Suggestions are offered for analyzing culture-contact situations and for handling singularized artifacts such as heirlooms and monuments.
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William H. WalkerEmail: |
9.
Kathryn J. Weedman 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2006,13(3):188-237
The significance of flaked stone tool variation has been a source of great archaeological debate for over 100 years. Even though evidence for stone tool hafting exists as far back as the Middle Paleolithic/Middle Stone Age, there is a dearth of information concerning how hafting affects stone tool technology. This ethnoarchaeological study of hafted stone scrapers among the Gamo of southern Ethiopia examines why a single cultural group utilizes two different hafts, which generate different lithic morphologies, technologies, and spatial distributions. The relationships between history, environment, and social group membership are explored to demonstrate how these associations create variation in technological practices.
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Kathryn J. WeedmanEmail: |
10.
Matthew Harpster 《Journal of Maritime Archaeology》2008,3(1):3-13
Between 1967 and 1974, the island of Cyprus was a centre of maritime archaeology in the eastern Mediterranean. Individuals
such as Michael and Susan Katzev, George Bass, Jeremy Green and Richard Steffy were living on and visiting the island, and
testing and developing methods still common in the discipline. The hostilities on Cyprus in the summer of 1974 and the implementation
of international regulations limiting archaeological work in the northern portion of the island, however, had repercussions
still evident today. This article summarizes past maritime archaeological work along the northern coastline, addresses the
regulations limiting archaeological activity in the region and discusses a new training program licensed by the Nautical Archaeology
Society aiding in the protection of the island’s maritime heritage representing approximately 10,000 years of activity.
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Matthew HarpsterEmail: |
11.
Randall White 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2006,13(4):250-303
The discovery of female figurines at Brassempouy in the 1890's would launch more than a century of debate and interpretation
concerning Paleolithic representations of women. The figurines emerged from the ground into a colonial intellectual and socio-political
context nearly obsessed with matters of race. This early racial interpretive frame would only be replaced in the mid 20th
century, when prehistorians turned to questions such as fertility and womanhood.
The first figurines were discovered in 1892 under rather tortured circumstances in which their very ownership was the subject
of a heated dispute between Edouard Piette and Emile Cartailhac. Their toxic relationship would lead Piette, in his subsequent
excavations, to be extremely precise about issues of stratigraphic and spatial provenience. Piette's publications and archives
enabled Henri Delporte to confirm the Gravettian attribution of the figurines and have allowed the present author to create
a map of their spatial distribution within the site.
Technological and microscopic analysis of the Brassempouy figurines resolves some lingering questions about the sex of certain
of the figurines and suggests an original context of figurine fabrication and the abandonment of unsuccessful sculpting attempts.
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Randall WhiteEmail: |
12.
Mary M. A. McDonald 《African Archaeological Review》2009,26(1):3-43
Two locations adjacent to the great central oases of the Egyptian Western Desert experienced an unusual period of sedentism
in the early to mid-Holocene. Around the Southeast Basin near Dakhleh Oasis and in the Wadi el-Midauwara above Kharga, areas
sharing close cultural ties, groups of slab structure sites attest to increased sedentism spanning 2,500 years. Kharga seems
to have been settled fairly continuously through the two and a half millennia, but little is known of subsistence practices
in this location. Dakhleh experienced two episodes of increased sedentism. Early Holocene Masara groups occupied a well-watered
location within a generally dry desert. In the wetter mid-Holocene, Bashendi settlers in large stone-built sites hunted, collected
wild cereals, and may have kept herds. As the desert dried after 5300 BC, the settlers switched to a life of mobile forager-herders.
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Mary M. A. McDonaldEmail: |
13.
Through a discussion of the intentions behind two hypertext works, Ruth Tringham’s Chimera Web and Rosemary Joyce’s Sister Stories, we present an argument that the new digital media offer unique opportunities for feminist archaeology to realize some of
its deepest values. Through the medium of hypermedia and hypertext (multilinear) narratives the complexities of the feminist
practice of archaeology (including its multivocal interpretive process) can be grasped, enjoyed, and participated in by a
non-archaeological audience more fluidly than in traditional linear texts. We draw attention to the way in which recent developments
in digital technology, especially through the Internet, have transformed our ability to share freely the fruits of our creative
thought with an ever-expanding audience.
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Ruth E. Tringham (Corresponding author)Email: |
14.
R. Alexander Bentley 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2006,13(3):135-187
Strontium isotope analysis of archaeological skeletons has provided useful and exciting results in archaeology in the last 20 years, particularly by characterizing past human migration and mobility. This review covers the biogeochemical background, including the origin of strontium isotope compositions in rocks, weathering and hydrologic cycles that transport strontium, and biopurification of strontium from to soils, to plants, to animals and finally into the human skeleton, which is subject to diagenesis after burial. Spatial heterogeneity and mixing relations must often be accounted for, rather than simply ``matching' a measured strontium isotope value to a presumed single-valued geologic source. The successes, limitations and future potential of the strontium isotope technique are illustrated through case studies from geochemistry, biogeochemistry, ecology and archaeology.
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R. Alexander BentleyEmail: |
15.
Archaeology in Europe has changed a great deal over the last 25 years and these changes have certainly affected maritime archaeology.
As such they also define the practical skills that are needed. On the one hand of course, unlike other branches of European
archaeology, maritime archaeology still has a major preoccupation with a well-funded ‘treasure-hunting’ industry and no lack
of ill-defined and ill-considered project initiatives. High ethical standards are therefore necessary and the public debate
should continue. But within the structure of archaeology and its management at large, maritime archaeology should also show
what its major contributions can be. It can only do so if sufficiently trained personnel are available. It is against this
background that the Maritime Archaeology Programme at SDU in Esbjerg is being shaped. This paper reviews developments in the
field and outlines the approach to education developed at SDU in response.
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Jens AuerEmail: |
16.
Anthony P. Andrews Rafael Burgos Villanueva Luis Millet Cámara 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2006,10(2):179-205
The emergence of capitalism in the peninsula of Yucatán is generally presented as a process resulting from the capitalization
of the agricultural sector and the export of products from its sugar, cotton, and henequén plantations in the nineteenth century.
In addition to these products, the peninsula also had a dynamic coastal economy in which the harvesting of salt and the extraction
of logwood (Haematoxylum campechianum), played a major role and contributed to the flow of goods to international markets.
We present a preliminary archaeological survey and historical documentation of El Real de Salinas, a salt-producing port on
the north coast of Campeche, which was also involved in the extraction of other coastal products and closely linked to the
inland plantation system.
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Anthony P. AndrewsEmail: |
17.
There are many restrictions placed on researchers studying Paleolithic Cave art due to the constraints of conservation that
limit direct contact with the original works. This paper discusses how recent advances in technology have revolutionized the
study and interpretation of Paleolithic cave art. The interpretation of Paleolithic symbolic systems is a complex process
and hypotheses must be applied to cave art with the greatest of precision. A detailed analysis of the painted or engraved
surfaces leads to a greater understanding of both the techniques employed and the actual sequence in which parietal compositions
were executed. By unlocking the creative process followed by Upper Paleolithic artists we are able to glimpse the artist’s
motivations and to understand a portion of the art’s hidden meaning.
相似文献
Carole FritzEmail: |
18.
Joan M. Gero 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2007,14(3):311-327
In this paper I argue that the practice of archaeology over-emphasizes and over-rewards unambiguous certainty in our interpretations,
even though our conclusions are usually drawn from necessarily partial, underdetermined and complex evidence. I argue that
full or partial erasure of ambiguity from our data and from our interpretive assertions does not serve the long-term interests
of the discipline; that a feminist practice aimed at more nuanced understandings of the past and open to more subtle, multivalenced
notions of reality, must accept ambiguity as a central feature of archaeological interpretation. After I review familiar strategies
that are used to obscure troubling areas of uncertainty in archaeology, I urge feminist practice to resist employing these
“mechanisms of closure” in our work. It is only by openly recognizing and preserving the ambiguity that resides in messy data
arrangements today that we stand any hope of fuller and richer understandings in the future.
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Joan M. GeroEmail: |
19.
Karen D. Lupo 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2006,13(1):19-66
This paper uses rationale derived from central place foraging models to explore the factors that guide the carcass processing and transport decisions of modern hunters. Using data derived from butchering experiments, I test different economic indices that purportedly reflect the field processing and transport decisions of contemporary African Hadza hunter-gatherers. The results show that no single index predicts part processing and transport for the species examined in this analysis. Processing and transport decisions are, however, patterned in ways that are consistent with theoretical predictions. While similar processes likely guide carcass treatment and transport decisions among all hunter-gatherers, different ecological, social, and historical constraints define the range of solutions to problems involving carcass treatment. In this specific example, intertaxonomic differences in carcass size and bone properties constrain how the trade-offs between field processing and transport costs are resolved. I conclude by suggesting ways in which analysts might make use of central place foraging rationale and models to explain variation in skeletal representation and abundances across time and space.
相似文献
Karen D. LupoEmail: |
20.
Francesca Droghini Marco Giamello Giovanni Guasparri Giuseppe Sabatini Andrea Scala 《Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences》2009,1(2):123-136
This paper focuses on the long-debated topic of the so-called calcium oxalate films: their origin and meaning but also their
age and original appearance. The restoration of the main facade of the Siena Cathedral provided a unique opportunity to this
end, thanks to the possibility of an extensive and detailed sampling and (as rarely happens) a sufficiently accurate historical
knowledge of the construction vicissitudes. This work, mainly based on a polarising microscopy study (coupled with X-ray diffraction
and SEM-EDS analyses) of over a thousand thin and ultra-thin sections of 400 microsamples, demonstrates that the current relicts
of films are the result of alteration and decay of ancient treatments. In most cases, these were linseed oil-based glazings
(the use of this substance is confirmed by historical documents) and pigments. Their role was essentially aesthetic; their
use dates the beginning of the fourteenth century and continued at least until the eighteenth century.
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Francesca DroghiniEmail: |