我国的司法能动主义：理论与实践的反思

目前，司法能动主义的呼声在我国法学界占据了主导地位，并已在司法理论和实践中对其进行了探索。尤其在民事诉讼领域，司法能动主义的实践创新更为突出。但是，我国对于司法能动主义不管是理论上的理解，还是实践中的探索都存在很多争议。在本文中笔者认为司法能动主义在中国的探索不应该采取过于“能动”的方式，而是应该顺应中国的实际和特点，以实现司法公正为目的．缓慢地推进。     

行政规范性文件司法审查探析

当前我国权力机关、行政机关、司法机关对政府规范性文件的监督存在诸多缺陷。为防止违法性行政规范性文件损害公民、法人、其他组织的合法权益和妨害行政法治建设,在借鉴域外先进经验和教训的基础上,应构建适合中国国情的行之有效的对行政规范性文件的司法审查制度。     

最高法院还是最小危险部门吗？

最高法院还是最小危险部门吗？ 在《人民自己：人民宪政主义与司法审查》一书中,斯坦福大学法学院院长拉里·克雷默对此作出一个否定的回答。     

关于罗斯福时代新政“宪法革命”的几点浅见

美国宪法的若干重要法理原则及其运用在富兰克林·罗斯福总统任内发生了巨大变化,史称新政“宪法革命”。不过,这种变化并不是在所谓1937年最高法院的“及时转向”中一锤定音的。最高法院在正当程序、商业权、公众福利条款上的态度及其变化充分说明,新政宪法革命无论是从当时还是其后的发展来看都有它的连续性、局限性和复杂性。只有认识到了这一点,我们对新政宪法革命乃至于整个新政的历史评价才会比较准确。     

论刑事审前程序中司法审查制度的构建

我国刑事审前程序中司法审查制度的缺失,导致了我国刑事诉讼的重大结构性缺陷,使审前程序丧失了诉讼构造的基本格局,因此,建立我国的审前司法审查制度势在必行。在具体的制度设计上,应在审前程序中设立一个中立的司法裁判机构、完善我国的非法证据排除规则、完善我国的司法救济机制和刑事赔偿制度。     

试论行政裁量权的法律控制

行政裁量权是现代行政法的一个核心内容,随着现代社会经济和技术的迅速发展,政府组织调整社会生活的职能和权限范围不断扩大,行政机关享有的裁量权也随之增加。但是行政裁量权存在可能被滥用的危险。在行政自由裁量权不断扩大与对行政裁量权的控制不断加强过程中,现代行政法不断向前发展。本文从立法、行政、司法三个方面来具体分析对行政裁量权的法律控制。     

美国政界和学界有关司法审查制度的争论

司法审查制度是美国宪政的一个重要的组成部分,它在捍卫宪法的权威性、确保法治的实现、控制权力得以正常运转、防止权力腐败、维护公民合法权益等方面起到了巨大作用。美国行政法学家施瓦茨说：“没有司法审查就没有宪法,司法审查是宪法结构中必不可少的东西。”二战后,许多国家参照美国宪法和司法审查制度,相继建立了自己的司法审查制度。迄今为止,世界上已有130多个国家建立了司法审查制度。[第一段]     

清末藩部地区筹备司法改良探微北大核心CSSCI

清承明制,针对蒙古、西藏各藩部实行一套不同于内地的"理藩"司法模式,但至晚清,随着内外危机的加深,清廷开始对藩部司法进行改良,以推进藩部地区新政,实现传统藩部与内地省份司法治理上的统一。为实现此目标,清中央政权、具体负责藩部事务的地方官员分别做出努力,围绕旧律废除、新律修订,司法人才培养,各级审判厅、检察厅设立,进行尝试,肇启了传统边陲地区司法近代化之路,推动了藩部地区法制的进步。     

清末藩部地区筹备司法改良探微

清承明制,针对蒙古、西藏各藩部实行一套不同于内地的"理藩"司法模式,但至晚清,随着内外危机的加深,清廷开始对藩部司法进行改良,以推进藩部地区新政,实现传统藩部与内地省份司法治理上的统一。为实现此目标,清中央政权、具体负责藩部事务的地方官员分别做出努力,围绕旧律废除、新律修订,司法人才培养,各级审判厅、检察厅设立,进行尝试,肇启了传统边陲地区司法近代化之路,推动了藩部地区法制的进步。     

理想与现实:南京国民政府地方司法建设中的经费问题

南京国民政府成立后,最高司法当局一直勉力争取中央统一解决地方司法经费,1940年拟议多年的议案终于付诸实施。这一过程曲折迂回,起伏跌宕。统治者对司法建设的复杂认知,国家经济实力和战时环境,利益重新分割的矛盾,监督制度的落空,都对地方司法经费的划拨和使用形成窒碍,最终使划拨经费的预期目的没有达到。     

New Life of the Lhobas

People of the Lhoba ethnic group groaned under slavery some 50 years ago, living in dense forests. Today, however, people of the Lhoba ethnic group, with the smallest population compared to others, enjoy a life enjoyed by modern people.     

Changes in the Geography of Wine New Wine in New Bottles

Abstract

The wine industry is experiencing considerable change, with improvements in quality, the emergence of new geographical areas producing distinctive and prestigious wines, and particularly the increasing significance of large scale organisations in production and distribution. Scientific, technological and commercial factors have been crucial to these developments.     

新空间 新网络 新角色——博客对海外新移民与中国互动的影响

以新兴的网络传播手段——博客作为切入点,分析了海外华人新移民博客社区的种类和组织形态;阐述了海外华人新移民通过博客与中国社会互动的意义、方式及影响。通过博客这一新的互动工具和平台,海外新移民可更加直接而生动地了解中国变化,了解中国人的最新思维、心态和社会变迁;拓宽自身更大的社会交往空间、话语渠道、传播途径和社会影响;与中国原住地的原有关系保持思想上的无边界的联系,甚至参与中国的改变进程。     

吉羊迎新

<正>在十二生肖中,羊被认为是祥和盛世的使者,美好富足的化身,正如古语云:羊致祥和。2015年是农历乙未羊年。在十二生肖中,羊被认为是祥和盛世的使者,美好富足的化身,正如古语云:羊致祥和。回首历史的漫漫长路,您会发现,羊从人类文明的源头就开始与我们一路相伴,给人带来吉祥、带来温暖、带来希望。     

Discerning the New Africa

In his introduction and overview to this issue of International Affairs, Christopher Clapham takes a broad look at Africa's post-colonial past and the often impracticable inheritance bequeathed to it by the colonial powers. With reference to the articles in these pages, he assesses the decline in African statehood and the problems associated with projects of external governance. However, in looking to an uncertain future, he finds emerging from within Africa itself reforming leadership and new movements, which are proving hopeful in the search for political reform.     

关于新感觉派

新感觉派是本世纪二十年代中后期出现的日本现代主义文学流派。它的出现标志着日本现代派文学的诞生,它同与其相对立的无产阶级文学一起揭开了日本现代文学史的序幕。     

栽培稻与稻作农业起源研究的新资料和新进展

一．稻作农业起源研究的学术意义 人类起源、农业起源和文明起源是现代考古学研究的三大热门课题,也是人类发展史中最为重要的三个阶段。     

新中国成立后历史考证学的新境界

在1949年以前业已取得很大成就的20世纪中国历史考证学,进入新中国以后,由于一批原先熟悉严密考证方法的史学家接受了唯物史观的指导,他们做到既发扬广搜史料、互相参证的优良传统,又能把握历史演进的大势,由表及里,探求历史事件之间的联系和发展演变的趋势,达到对历史本质的认识,因而使历史考证学达到了新的境界。他们的卓越成就为20世纪中国史学谱写了出色的篇章,留给我们许多重要的启示。     

Intimate Consumption and New Sexual Subjects Among the Sambia of Papua New Guinea

This article examines the transformation of sexual meanings, attitudes, norms, and practices surrounding depletion and pollution across decades (1974–2010) among the Sambia of Papua New Guinea. In the premodern village, all sexual intercourse, whether with boy‐initiates or women, was ritualized and ultimately controlled by the men's secret society. Intimate consumption refers traditionally to a symbolic complex of beliefs, concepts, emotions, and ritual experiences involving sexuality, bodily health, social relationships, and gendered politics. But it also covers sexual anxieties corresponding to the transfer and loss of bodily fluids via the perceived depletion and pollution of self and body. For adult men, the sense of intimate consumption requires repeated substance replenishment and purification. Intimate consumption made oral and vaginal sex highly rule‐bound, taboo laden, and intensely regulated in terms of the meaning, scope, duration, and intended goals of sexual exchange. Pacification, colonization, out‐migration, Seventh Day Adventist (SDA) Christianity, and primary schooling in the Sambia Valley over a period of decades instigated social transformations that challenged and wore down this system of sexual regulation. Thus, the transition from ritual to non‐ritual practices, i.e., more individualistic sexual relationships, highlight narratives of change in the Sambia sexuality. With the demise of ritual initiation in the 1980s and 1990s, and the appearance of HIV and SikAids in the Sambia Valley, explicit ritual sexual techniques were no longer socialized. Modernity (in the sense of a set of policies, attitudes, and rules introduced through institutions such as the government community school) and SDA church sociality influenced both the pace and form of this sexual transformation. Among the greatest changes was the expansion of female agency and sexual autonomy, and personal decision‐making vis‐à‐vis especially marriage and also romance, courtship, and sex. Notably, oral sex, once universal and mandatory, largely disappeared from Sambia intimate relations. Today, spousal intimacy reveals a different set of more ‘modern’ meanings and behaviors compared to two generations ago, e.g., more mutualistic and companionate. Intimate consumption remains a worry for certain Sambia young men and women today however, influenced in part by the rise of the HIV pandemic, mobility, and the absence of normative narratives of sexuality in villages and town settlements. This creates public spaces wherein new sexual subjects have emerged in the villages and urban settlements within the Sambia Valley and in settlements throughout PNG.